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水杉小爪螨生物学特性及防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水杉小爪螨是在陕西汉中发现的新种，为该区水杉的主要害螨。通过对２１４ｋｍ行道树随机抽样调查，水杉受害率１００％，危害程度平均２．８级。该螨一年发生１２代，以卵越冬，为害盛期６－８月，发育历期随环境温度增高而缩短。雄成螨具第二若螨期。在自然条件下，深点食螨瓢虫等天敌是其限制因素。三氯杀螨醇和螨死净混合使用防效最佳。 相似文献
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通过在曲阜孔林地区选择四种典型生境作为采集样点,定时定量采集土样,共分离获得标本8934号,经鉴定发现所采集标本隶属21科33属45种,其中含有16种中国新记录种。对鉴定出的45种甲螨进行区系分析表明,该地区土壤甲螨在世界动物地理区划中的分布,可以划分为8个区系型。在中国动物地理区划中可划分11种区系型。其群落分析表明:No-thrus asiaticus Aoki et ohnishi、Erembelba foliata Foliata hummer、Zygoribatula hailongensis、Ceratozetes japonicus Aoki、Scheloribates latipes为该地区的优势类群。多样性分析表明C样地多样性指数最高。 相似文献
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芬兰钝绥螨对针叶小爪螨的捕食作用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
芬兰钝绥螨的雌成螨对针叶小爪螨幼螨、若螨和成螨的捕食功能反应均属ＨｏｌｌｉｎｇⅡ型。针叶小爪螨的螨态、芬兰钝绥螨的饥饿程度、生境大小等因素均可引起功能反应参数的变化。芬兰钝绥螨的雌成螨喜食针叶小爪螨的幼螨和若螨，而对雌成螨的良能力较弱。 相似文献
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<正> 柑桔红叶螨 Panonychus Citri Mcgregor 属蛛形纲,蜱螨目,叶螨科。又名柑桔红蜘蛛,柑桔瘤皮红蜘蛛,柑桔全爪螨。该虫常和柑桔始叶螨 Eotetranychus Kankitus Ehara、柑桔锈壁虱 Phyllocoptruta Oleivora Ashmead 等混同发生危害,在我国广大桔区均有发生。近几年来,由于一些桔区使用农药不当,桔园生态系统受到破坏,柑桔红叶螨已上升为头等重要的害虫。云梦县肖李柑桔园,总面积50亩,受害率达100%。为了控制其危害,1988年以来,我们在肖李柑桔园对柑桔红叶螨生物学特性进行了观察,并开展了综合防治试验,现将结果整理如下。 相似文献
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在21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃、33℃5种不同温度条件下,用新鲜的离体楠竹叶片在室内饲养竹裂爪螨,得出该螨实验种群的主要生物学参数,应用直接最优法计算该螨的世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为12.53℃、150.25日度,根据气象资料预测竹裂爪螨在长宁竹区年发生13－14代;每年3月下旬－4月上旬出蜇,11月份开始以雌成螨越冬。林间实际调查表明,楠竹害螨在竹区的发生与危害存在明显的春季高峰并与楠竹林的敏感生长期相吻合;降雨与高温严重影响楠竹害螨的生长发育,表现为7、8月份高温多雨季节林间害螨种群数量呈现出急剧下降。 相似文献
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辽宁三种林业害螨生物学特性研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了三种林业害螨，即棒毛小爪螨，柏小爪螨，云杉小爪螨的生物学特性。上述三种害螨均属蜱螨目叶螨科，是为害针叶树人工林的主要害螨之一。近年来在辽宁很多地区的油松、赤松、樟子松、落叶松人工林中大量发生，城市绿化的柏树也受到为害，造成针叶枯黄脱落，影响林木生长。三种害螨每年发生７￣９代不等，均以卵在树皮缝，芽鳞，果鳞等处越冬，适时采用４０％氧化乐果，５０％二溴磷乳剂或８０％敌敌畏喷洒，均可收到较好的 相似文献
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本文参考了国内外有关资料,介绍了国内外利用智利小植绥螨防治叶螨的研究及应用情况,供有关方面参考。 智利小植绥螨Phyloseiulus persimlisAthiashenriot广泛分布于智利及地中海沿岸的阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、突尼斯、叙利亚、黎巴嫩,土耳其等国。1957年法国人Athias—Henriot最早发现于阿尔及利亚的蔷薇、土豆、梨树上;1962年Gonzalez等在智利的苹果树上也采到了该螨。经研究证实有很高的生殖和控制害 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献