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1.
胶东山区县域优质苹果生态适宜性评价及潜力分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
山区地形复杂,自然资源立体差异显著.如何精确的表示各种资源在山区的分布状况和建立评价模型,是山区农业结构调整和资源优化利用所需要的.该文以胶东半岛典型山区柄霞市为例,构建了县域数宁高程模型,应用GIS对气候因子进行了空间定量模拟,在分析苹果生长生态要求与地形、土壤、气候各项生态评价因子关系的基础上,利用多因素综合法进行了县域优质苹果生态适宜性评价,并综合评价结果和土地结构特征,分析了柄霞市优质苹果发展潜力.结果表明:栖霞市优质苹果生长的生态适宜程度较高,中、高度适宜面积达9万多hm2,占县域面积的45%;优质苹果发展的潜力较大,中度以上生态适宜区可开发面积达5万多hm2,其中高度适宜区具备优质苹果发展的潜力最大,中度适宜区次之,极度适宜区和初度、不适宜区的发展潜力较小.该评价结果为当地苹果产业快速发展和农业结构调整提供了决策依据. 相似文献
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基于改进生态足迹模型的市域主体功能区划 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
市域主体功能区的合理划分,有利于市域主体经济的形成和社会经济的可持续发展。生态足迹模型是一种评价人类对资源环境开发利用影响程度和区域可持续发展程度的方法。该文以改进的生态足迹模型作为市域主体功能区划的技术方法,设计主体功能区划评价指标体系,与GIS的空间分析功能相耦合,对以县为评价对象的评价单元进行赋值、加权求和测算主体功能指数,确定开发与保护的阈值,并与建设用地适宜性评价、自然保护区等叠置分析,修正主体功能区的空间布局。结果表明：1）生态压力和开发潜力有明显的空间分布规律,除长清区外,市区其他区域生态压力大,开发潜力小;商河县、章丘市开发潜力大,生态压力较小。2）各评价单元主体功能指数界限明显,以此作为除禁止开发区外的主体功能区初步划分的依据。3）将主体功能初划结果与济南市建设用地适宜性评价、自然保护区、重要生态功能区进行叠置分析,修正功能区初划结果,商河县由重点开发区调整为限制开发区。生态足迹法和地理信息系统空间分析功能耦合的技术方法在市域主体功能区划中取得较好应用。 相似文献
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基于生态位模型的岷江上游典型县域乡村聚落用地适宜性评价 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
乡村聚落用地适宜性研究不仅有利于揭示人类活动与生态环境、社会经济之间的匹配程度,亦能为乡村聚落重构及国土空间优化提供科学依据。该研究基于乡村地理学、景观生态学及生态位理论方法,以岷江上游典型县域理县为研究区,采用遥感影像、社会经济统计、土地利用现状等多源数据,通过景观格局分析、数理统计分析、GIS空间分析等技术手段,首先判识了理县乡村聚落用地适宜性研究的最佳空间尺度,然后借鉴生态位适宜度测算模型,对理县乡村聚落用地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:1)根据8个乡村聚落景观指数对20种乡村聚落空间粒度的响应变化情况,综合8个景观指数的第一尺度域判识得到理县乡村聚落景观格局及适宜性研究的最佳空间尺度为60 m;2)在60 m最佳空间尺度下,利用GIS空间叠加分析得到理县乡村聚落适宜性土地面积占县域国土面积的4.58%,主要集中分布于东部、东北部乡镇及杂谷脑河下游、317国道沿线;3)理县乡村聚落低度适宜区主要位于水源保护区、生态保护区及地质灾害多发区,不适于人类长期生存发展;中度适宜区在自然资源、区位等方面具有相对优势,特色产业突出,具备现代农业发展潜力;高度适宜区在区位、经济、自然与文化资源等方面具有明显优势,乡村发展功能较齐全,应作为乡村人口和产业的主要聚集区;中、高度适宜区是理县乡村振兴战略的主要支撑空间。 相似文献
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土地功能调控与生态政绩考核研究——以华阳河湖群地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学的政绩观、土地功能的优化调控,是协调资源保护与利用、促进区域可持续发展的重要途径之一。以华阳河湖群地区为例,基于遥感解译、GIS和"三生"土地分类法、土地利用转移矩阵法和重心转移法探索了县域以下尺度主体功能区土地功能调控和生态政绩考核方法。结果表明:1)1990—2010年华阳河湖群地区生态用地比例减少,生活用地稳定,生产用地增加;2)由重心模型得到各类用地空间变化情况,滩涂地重心向下仓镇移动;3)限制开发区和优化开发区生态用地比例符合区域功能定位;4)基于乡镇尺度主体功能区的结构和三生用地分布及其比例关系,确立了各乡镇生态政绩考核标准和生态补偿方案,建立了生态政绩考核体系。基于三生用地分类的土地功能调控以及生态政绩考核体系建立,具有数据便于得到、可操作性强的特点,为县域以下尺度主体功能区划的落实提供了一种途径,也尝试对"协调资源综合利用与保护矛盾"的理论思路和实践途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
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宁夏主体功能区域划分的限制开发生态区是我国少数民族回族的聚居区和生态脆弱区,区域发展和生态保护的矛盾十分突出。对限制开发区进行主体功能区细分,以便对不同类型限制开发区生态和农业、牧业价值进行综合评估,对限制开发区的生态保护、区域发展有重要的理论意义和应用价值。从地表景观分布角度出发,运用ENVI软件对盐池县遥感影像进行景观分类,选取相关景观指数从区域景观自身脆弱度角度和区域人类活动适宜性角度考虑,结合盐池县乡镇界限,划分出以乡镇为单元的4类主体功能区:弱限制开发区、中限制开发区、强限制开发区和禁止开发区,为乡镇经济发展提供宏观指导和依据。 相似文献
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区域尺度上的主体功能区划研究对区域规划的实施具有重要意义.选择哈大齐地区作为研究区,从生态敏感性、生态系统服务功能重要性和社会经济发展潜力等方面选择了10个指标,采用主成分分析法,以乡镇为单元进行了区域城市土地开发适宜性评价.结果表明,哈尔滨市区及其周边卫星城市安达和肇东的中心镇非常适宜开发,面积占7.08%;齐齐哈尔市区和大庆市区由于受到生态因子的约束而仅其市中心区具有较好的开发适宜性;面积占47.47%的农业地区属于次适宜和边际适宜开发区;西部的农牧交错区由于脆弱的生态背景和重要的生态系统服务功能而不适宜进行开发.该评价结果可以为哈大齐地区的主体功能区规划和区域规划提供参考. 相似文献
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[目的]开展建设用地适宜性评价并进行评价分区方案优选,为完善建设用地适宜性评价方法、优化建设用地空间布局提供参考。[方法]通过构建科学的建设用地适宜性评价指标体系,合理划定适宜性等级,根据适宜性等级的不同组合确定建设用地管制分区供选方案,构造景观生态质量评价模型,开展供选方案的优选。[结果]建设用地适宜性评价结果为6级适宜性等级区,面积分别为6.03,13.83,27.75,45.66,168.24,108.05km2;适宜性分区方案1具有较高的景观生态质量,为方案优选结果。[结论]基于适宜性评价的建设用地管制区方案具有较低的干扰度、较高的稳定度,景观生态质量综合指数较高。通过综合比较,方案1具有较高景观生态质量,它优化了城乡建设用地拓展空间,有利于提高景观生态系统的可持续性。 相似文献
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为揭示岩溶地区水土流失与生态格局的相关性,分析水土流失敏感性背景下景观生态风险的空间特征。以黔南州为研究对象,融合RUSLE模型和ERI评价方法,在分析水土流失敏感性的基础上,对县域尺度的景观生态风险进行了定量化评价。结果表明:（1） 黔南州水土流失敏感性以中度、轻度和低敏感区为主,其总面积为22 974.42 km2,比重达88.86%,但重度、极度敏感区面积仅占11.14%,且降水侵蚀力、地表起伏度和石漠化等级的空间相关性高。（2） 低生态风险区主要由水土流失轻度、不敏感区构成,耕地面积比重大（72.07%）,高生态风险区则以中度、重度敏感区为主,且建设用地面积比重大,说明水土流失敏感性就越高,则区域生态风险越高。上述研究表明,从水土流失敏感性的角度评价景观生态风险,融合了景观格局和水土流失状况等信息,不仅丰富了区域生态风险评价方法,也为区域生态保护与修复提供了决策依据。 相似文献
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三生空间优化是落实各级国土空间规划和引导土地合理开发保护的重要基础。该研究利用Markov-FLUS模型模拟预测2025年晋中市"三生"空间，选取最小累计阻力（Minimum Cumulative Resistance，MCR）模型评价国土空间开发适宜性，在空间上叠加分析模拟预测结果与开发适宜性评价结果，对晋中市进行"三生"空间优化。结果表明：1）从模拟预测结果来看，Markov-FLUS模型模拟2018年晋中市"三生"空间变化，与实际数据对比精度达到97.17%，模型具有适用性。2025年晋中市生产与生活空间均呈增长态势，其中生产空间涨幅较大，增长面积达813.53 km2，生态空间面积减少892.65 km2。2）从开发适宜性来看，MCR模型将晋中市国土空间分为5种类型：生态保护区、生态优化区、限制开发区、优化开发区和适宜开发区。生态优化区面积最大为4 994 km2，占整个研究区的30.59%，适宜开发区面积最小为1 546 km2。3）"三生"空间优化后，晋中市划分为生产空间、生态空间、生活空间、生产-生活空间、生产-生态空间、生活-生态空间和生产-生活-生态空间7种类型，表现出"整体集聚，局部零散"的空间分布特征，其中生态空间面积占比最大，为41.20%。研究结果有助于促进"三生"空间优化理论与方法的深入研究，也可为晋中市国土空间合理开发保护提供参考。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献