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双孢蘑菇、野蘑菇和姬松茸的过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文对蘑菇属的双孢蘑菇、野蘑菇和姬松茸的 8个菌株的菌丝体阶段的过氧化物酶 (POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶进行分析研究。结果表明 :(1)POD和EST同工酶谱不仅清楚地显示出这 3个种的 8个菌株同属于蘑菇属所具有的共同酶带 ;而且酶谱还清楚地显示出不同种不同菌株间的酶的差异。 (2 )双孢蘑菇 4个菌株 (除野生菌株 96 4 3外 )之间无论是来自中国还是来自西欧 ,无论是白色品系还是棕色品系 ,它们的POD和EST同工酶的遗传相似性是比较高的。 (3)双孢蘑菇与野蘑菇的遗传距离近于它与姬松茸的距离 相似文献
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双孢蘑菇分解基质能力退化的同工酶分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,PAGE)技术,对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus) 菌株0214及其分解基质能力退化菌株0214-3、0214-5在4种不同液体培养基中培养的菌丝体的酯酶(esterase,EST)、 多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)、细胞色素氧化酶(cytochrome oxidase, COD)同工酶进行分析,结果表明:在部分培养基中3个菌株的EST和PPO同工酶表型有明显差异,且2个退化菌株的同工酶表型变异一致,说明双孢蘑菇分解基质能力的退化与EST和PPO同工酶活性存在相关性.各菌株在不同培养基中的COD同工酶酶谱表型一致. 相似文献
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双孢蘑菇不同菌株生物学特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较研究了13株双孢蘑菇菌株的菌丝生长势、出菇性状、菌丝拮抗性、酯酶同工酶酶谱等。结果表明,13个菌株中表现出一定的遗传差异性,部分菌株为同物异名。Ag-004菌株菌丝生长势最强,日平均生长速度0.54 cm·d~(-1),23d长满试管;出菇试验表明棕色蘑菇品种表现出比白色蘑菇品种产量高、较耐低温和抗逆性强的特性。大多数菌株之间表现出一定的拮抗反应,少部分菌株间拮抗现象不明显。酯酶同工酶酶谱出现3个区域,Rf=0.1758、0.2424、0.7697为所有菌株共有,可能为双孢蘑菇酯酶同工酶的特征谱带,Rf=0.8060为白色蘑菇品种的酯酶同工酶的特征条带,而Rf=0.7151为2个棕色蘑菇菌株所有,在所有的白色品种中几乎没有,Rf=0.7151可能为棕色蘑菇菌株的特征谱带。 相似文献
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双孢蘑菇栽培,由于环境条件不适宜或栽培措施不当,受到病原微生物的侵害,引起菌丝体和子实体本身表现出各种不正常状态,以及发生在菇床上为害蘑菇菌丝体和子实体的害虫,总称为双孢蘑菇的病虫害。随着双孢蘑菇栽培的发展,其病虫害的发生种类越来越多。目前在双孢蘑菇栽培中 相似文献
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鸡腿蘑菌丝体的同工酶研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
用8种不同培养基配方，培养鸡腿蘑菌丝体，其同工酶分析结果表明，鸡腿蘑菌丝体酯酶(EST)同工酶谱差异明显，过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱差异明显。 相似文献
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采用PAGE法分离提纯双孢蘑菇菌丝酯酶标记位点Est A与B的同工酶蛋白est 1,2和est 3,4。SDS-PAGE蛋白质分子量测定表明,它们的分子量分别为30000,63000和30000,43000。 相似文献
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双孢蘑菇褐变的酶学机理研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用凝胶电泳等生化技术 ,对菇体本身的褐变作了详细的研究 ,结果发现 ,多酚氧化酶 (PPO)是蘑菇采后引起褐变的主要原因之一 ,不同的双孢蘑菇菌株具有不同的PPO酶活性和不同的PPO同工酶谱 ,双孢蘑菇不同的组织部位具有不同的PPO酶活和PPO同工酶谱 ,在蘑菇生长内的整个时期 ,表现出不同的PPO酶活力和不同的PPO同工酶谱 相似文献
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《食用菌学报》2020,(3)
根据CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas(CRISPR-associated)基因编辑技术,设计AbPPO4特异性导向RNA,构建双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)基因编辑载体pAbGEB1-AbPPO4,再通过农杆菌介导转化双孢蘑菇菌丝体建立基因编辑体系,观察菌丝生长状况。结果表明:获得12株转化子,1号和7号的菌丝体中存在潮霉素抗性基因,且AbPPO4基因的相对表达量较低,分别为0.28±0.04和0.47±0.02,与对照组相比,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),说明1号和7号转化子的菌丝体AbPPO4基因表达受到了抑制;与对照组相比,1号和7号转化子的菌丝体中AbPPO4基因均发生了突变,1号和7号分别产生了4 bp和11 bp的碱基缺失,证明设计的CRISPR/Cas9系统在双孢蘑菇内对AbPPO4基因成功地进行了编辑;同时发现AbPPO4基因突变后对双孢蘑菇菌丝体的生长产生了不利影响。 相似文献
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Markus Holopainen Ville Kankare Mikko Vastaranta Xinlian Liang Yi Lin Matti Vaaja Xiaowei Yu Juha Hyyppä Hannu Hyyppä Harri Kaartinen Antero Kukko Topi Tanhuanpää Petteri Alho 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(4):546-553
We evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of airborne (ALS), terrestrial (TLS) and mobile laser-scanning (MLS) methods that can be utilized in urban tree mapping and monitoring. In the field, 438 urban trees located in park and forested environments were measured and mapped from our study area located in Seurasaari, Helsinki, Finland. A field reference was collected, using a tree map created manually from TLS data. The tree detection rate and location accuracy were evaluated, using automatic or semiautomatic ALS individual tree detection (ALSITDauto or ALSITDvisual) and manual or automatic measurements of TLS and MLS (TLSauto, MLSauto, MLSmanual, MLSsemi). Our results showed that the best methods for tree detection were TLSauto and MLSmanual, which detected 73.29% and 79.22% of the reference trees, respectively. The location accuracies (RMSE) varied between 0.44 m and 1.57 m; the methods listed from the most accurate to most inaccurate were MLSsemi, TLSauto, MLSmanual, MLSauto, ALSITDauto and ALSITDvisual. We conclude that the accuracies of TLS and ALS were applicable for operational urban tree mapping in heterogeneous park forests. MLSmanual shows high potential but manual measurements are not feasible in operational tree mapping. Challenges that should be solved in further studies include ALSITDauto oversegmentation as well as MLSauto processing methodologies and data collection for tree detection. 相似文献
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钙调素对梨自花及异花授粉后花柱自发荧光变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用激光共聚焦显微镜研究了外源钙调素及其抗血清对‘丰水’梨自花（不亲和）和异花（亲和）授粉后花柱自发荧光变化的影响。结果表明：授粉12 h后,CaM处理后异花授粉花柱荧光值与未处理异花授粉花柱荧光值相比,花柱上部荧光值降低下部升高;而CaM处理后自花授粉花柱自发荧光值除距柱头2 500～3 000 μm外其余部分均高于未处理自花授粉花柱;CaM抗血清处理后异花授粉花柱荧光值除距柱头1 000～2 000 μm外其余部分均高于未处理异花授粉花柱;CaM抗血清处理自花授粉花柱自发荧光与未处理自花授粉花柱相比,分布规律发生改变,最高值位于距柱头1 000～1 500 μm处。授粉72 h后CaM处理后异花授粉花柱荧光值高于未处理异花授粉花柱,最高值位于子房端;CaM处理后自花授粉与未处理自花授粉花柱自发荧光值相比,分布规律发生改变,最高值位于距柱头1 500～2 000 μm处;CaM抗血清处理后异花及自花授粉花柱自发荧光与未处理异花及自花授粉花柱相比较分布规律均发生了改变,最高值都位于0～500 μm处。证实了外源CaM及其抗血清对自花、异花授粉的生理代谢过程均有影响。 相似文献
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AIM: We studied the therapeutic effect and mechanism of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) for the acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). METHODS: 18 dogs were divided randomly and evenly into the control group, the AMI group and the TMLR group. A continuous wave Nd: YAG laser was used for TMLR. Concentration of lactate in artery and coronary sinus (A.Lat and CS.Lat), myocardial metabolic rate of lactate acid (MLR) and myocardial lactate extraction (MLE) were measured before the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation and 60 min after the LAD ligation. Myocardial biopsy was made 4 h after the LAD ligation to quantitatively observe the shape and number of mitochondria in myocardial cells by a electric microscope. RESULTS: 60 min after the LAD ligation, CS.Lat were (7.63±4.27) mmol/L in the AMI and (5.78±3.98) mmol/L in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.05); MLR were (0.03±0.01) mmol·100 g-1 myocardium·min-1 in the AMI and (0.06±0.02) mmol·100 g-1 myocardium·min-1 in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.05); MLE were (12.04±3.04) in the AMI and (21.84±8.49)% in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.05). The volume density of mitochondria were (27.51±7.93)% in the AMI and (31.26±3.85)% in the TMLR, respectively (P>0.05). The area density of mitochondria were (1.25±0.18) μm-1 in the AMI and (1.64±0.28) μm-1 in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.01). The number density of mitochondria were (0.10±0.03) μm-3 in the AMI and (0.18±0.05) μm-3 in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.01). The average volume of mitochondria were (5.27±2.85) μm3 in the AMI and (2.80±0.54) μm3 in the TMLR, respectively (P<0.05). The average diameter of mitochondria were (2.06±0.36) μm in the AMI and (1.78±0.12)μm in the TMLR, respectively (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that TMLR may effectively improve myocardial lactatic metabolism and protect the myocardial cells from ischemic injury in dogs with the AMI. 相似文献
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Trimming is an important practice for reducing potential contact between trees and power lines. V-trimming occurs when a tree is located directly under the electrical wires and results in the formation of a bilateral crown, but not much is known about a tree’s reaction and acclimation to such a repeated stress in an urban context.Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), we present a study that focuses on documenting (i) short term effect of V-trimming on the tree structure, through the quantification and analysis of the dispersion of trimming induced branch loss and subsequent growth reaction, and, (ii) long term acclimation (i.e. changes in biomass location) of tree structure to repeated unidirectional trimming. A voxelisation method was used to derive space exploration metrics from TLS data based on explored volume quantification and voxels dispersion within the tree crown.Our results show that V-trimming induces a significant decrease in explored crown space volume (12.8% on average) but that this loss is regained by trimmed trees within only 1 year following trimming thanks to a rapid regrowth rate. This was supported by an analysis of radial growth that showed that the growth of trimmed trees was greater than non-trimmed trees although this tendency was not statistically significant. In our study this regrowth was achieved without suckering; instead the regrowth mainly occurred within the crown periphery. We also observed that trimming had a significant influence on the way trees explore space with their crowns. While non-trimmed trees explored space preferentially toward a South direction, trimmed trees explored space in directions perpendicular to the wires (East and West). We also observed that crown biomass was located more in the extreme crown periphery in trimmed trees compared to non-trimmed trees. 相似文献
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As an important part of urban greening, the canopy of street trees has ecological benefits, such as oxygen production, noise reduction, and dust reduction. The living vegetation volume (LVV) can reflect the spatial structure of the canopy intuitively and enables the estimation of the ecological service value of street trees. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has shown excellent performance for providing three-dimensional data of individual trees with high precision, enabling the accurate quantification of the LVV. In this study, we divided the LVV into the total living vegetation volume (tLVV) and the effective living vegetation volume (eLVV); the latter does not include branches. The eLVV of 40 ginkgo trees separated in two roads in Nanjing was calculated from TLS data. A novel method named LAIM for accurate eLVV calculation based on point cloud data was proposed. The point cloud data of individual tree was segmented along the Z-axis and image processing methods were used. With this, eLVV of each tree was obtained. The results were compared with data obtained from a clustered point cloud generated using convex hulls. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to investigate the consistency of the two methods. Furthermore, we used correlation analysis and all-subsets regression to choose the variables, and the eLVV was fitted using six models. Finally, we evaluated O2 production, CO2 and SO2 absorption by the street trees based on eLVV, the ecological benefits of street trees were quantified. The results showed the following: (1) The number of layers and the dilation size of the point cloud were crucial parameters in the LAIM. (2) For ginkgo trees, the mean difference between the eLVV obtained from the LAIM and the convex hull method was − 0.53–0.19 m3, indicating that the results were highly consistent for the two methods. (3) The eLVV fitting performance was better for the exponential function model (R2 =0.8523, RMSE=0.6838 m3) and linear model (R2 =0.8361, RMSE=0.7224 m3). The tree height and crown width significantly affected the eLVV estimation. (4) The evaluation about ecological benefits of Zhaoyang Road was better than Cuizhu Road. The quantified ecological benefits were conducive to road ecological evaluation. This study quantified the eLVV of individual trees using TLS, highlighting the importance of live vegetation in urban greening. The results can provide technical support for estimating the ecological service value of urban street trees. 相似文献
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Inter-annual canopy growth is one of the key indicators for assessing forest conditions, but the measurements require laborious field surveys. Up-to-date LiDAR remote sensing provides sufficient three-dimensional morphological information of the ground to monitor canopy heights on a broad scale. Thus, we attempted to use multi-temporal airborne LiDAR datasets in the estimation of vertical canopy growth, across various types of broad-leaved trees in a large urban park.The growth of broad-leaved canopies in the EXPO '70 urban forest in Osaka, Japan was assessed with 19 plots at the stand level and 39 selected trees at the individual-tree level. Airborne LiDAR campaigns repeatedly observed the park in the summers of 2004, 2008, and 2010. We acquired canopy height models (CHMs) for each year from the height values of the uppermost laser returns at every 0.5 m grid. The annual canopy growth was calculated by the differences in CHMs and validated with the annual changes in field-measured basal areas and tree heights.LiDAR estimations revealed that the average annual canopy growth from 2004 to 2010 was 0.26 ± 0.11 m m−2 yr−1 at the plot level and 0.26 ± 0.10 m m−2 yr−1 at the individual-tree level. This result showed that growing trends were consistent at different scales through 2004 to 2010 despite uncertainty in estimating short-term growth for small crown areas at the individual-tree level. This LiDAR-estimated canopy growth shows a moderate relation to field-measured increase of basal areas and average heights. The estimation uncertainties seem to result from the complex canopy structure and irregular crown shape of broad-leaved trees. Challenges still remain on how to incorporate the growth of understory trees, growth in the lateral direction, and gap dynamics inside the canopy, particularly in applying multi-temporal LiDAR datasets to the large-scale growth assessment. 相似文献
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Birds are ecosystem service providers and excellent urban ecosystem indicators because they are sensitive to habitat structure. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology is a promising tool in bird habitat characterization because it can directly acquire fine-scale 3-D information over large areas; however, most of past avian ecological studies using LiDAR were conducted in North America and Europe, and there have been no studies in Asia. The robustness of LiDAR data across different habitat types remain problematic. In this study, we set 13 plots having different canopy area percentages in a large-scale urban park in Japan, and examined the usefulness of airborne LiDAR data in modeling richness and diversity of forest bird species and the abundance of Paridae species that play an important role in the urban food web. Bird surveys were conducted eight times at each plot during the birds’ breeding season, and the results were estimated using generalized linear models. In consequence, all of the response variables were explained by one or a few LiDAR variables, and the 1 × 1 × 1-m voxel-based variables were especially robust estimators. When targeting only densely-forested plots having more than 60% canopy area, the LiDAR data efficiency declined in estimation of the richness and diversity of whole forest bird species, whereas a laser penetration rate was efficient for estimating the Paridae species abundance. These results implied that the LiDAR data are useful in habitat characterization of forest birds, and even when targeting only dense forests, some LiDAR variables are effective for habitat estimation of birds preferring specific forest structures. In the future, application of LiDAR across a variety of ecosystems will greatly serve to develop adaptive conservation and management planning for urban forests. 相似文献
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Urban forests (UF) provide a range of important ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. Relevant ES delivered by UF include urban temperature regulation, runoff mitigation, noise reduction, recreation, and air purification. In this study the potential of air pollution removal by UF in the city of Florence (Italy) was investigated. Two main air pollutants were considered – particulate matter (PM10) and tropospheric ozone (O3) – with the aim of providing a methodological framework for mapping air pollutant removal by UF and assessing the percent removal of air pollutant.The distribution of UF was mapped by high spatial resolution remote sensing data and classified into seven forest categories. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was estimated spatially using a regression model between in-field LAI survey and Airborne Laser Scanning data and it was found to be in good linear agreement with estimates from ground-based measurements (R2 = 0.88 and RMSE% = 11%). We applied pollution deposition equations by using pollution concentrations measured at urban monitoring stations and then estimated the pollutant removal potential of the UF: annual O3 and PM10 removal accounted for 77.9 t and 171.3 t, respectively. O3 and PM10 removal rates by evergreen broadleaves (16.1 and 27.3 g/m2), conifers (10.9 and 28.5 g/m2), and mixed evergreen species (15.8 and 31.7 g/m2) were higher than by deciduous broadleaf stands (4.1 and 10 g/m2). However, deciduous forests exhibited the largest total removal due to the high percentage of tree cover within the city. The present study confirms that UF play an important role in air purification in Mediterranean cities as they can remove monthly up to 5% of O3 and 13% of PM10. 相似文献
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AIM：To screen the possible serum biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS：The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen the serum samples from 44 cases of Parkinson’s disease and 60 control subjects. The differentially expressed protein peaks were selected and isolated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and processed with enzyme before analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The data mining was performed by Xcalibur program component BioWorks 3.2. RESULTS：Three differentially expressed protein peaks were selected as potential serum biomarkers from the patients of Parkinson’s disease: the protein at 8 937 m/z peak showed significant increase (27.47±16.58 in Parkinson’s disease group, and only 5.01±3.47 in control group), and the proteins at 6 636 and 8 697 m/z peaks showed significant decreases (5.43±2.66 and 20.22±9.57, respectively, in Parkinson’s disease group, and 18.85±7.56 and 51.13±26.22, respectively, in control group). The proteins at 6 636, 8 697 and 8 937 m/z peaks were identified as apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-III and complement 3a,respectively. Combined use of these 3 biomarkers effectively distinguished the subjects between Parkinsons disease group and control group. The detection rate of the patients with Parkinsons disease was 90.0% (27/30), and the detection rate of the healthy sibkects was 92.5% (37/40). CONCLUSION：The apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-III and complement component 3a identified as potential markers of Parkinson’s disease have diagnostic value in clinical application. 相似文献