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1.
Summary A monogenic dominant male sterility is used for hybrid production in autumn and winter cauliflower. The ratio of male sterile plants in the backcross progenies of autumn cauliflower was 1:1 over five years (1987–1991). However, a significant deficit of male sterile plants was observed in the winter type over the same period.The influence of the temperature on the male sterile phenotype was studied within backcross progenies planted inside polythene tunnels. Six classes of phenotype were defined during the flowering period (from May to November). At low temperature, some male sterile plants developed partial to complete male fertility, whereas at high temperature, male fertile plants became male sterile.Segregation among the progenies of self-pollinated unstable male sterile plants did not deviate from the expected 3:1 ratio. Plants homozygous for the male sterility allele have been revealed by test crosses with a male fertile plant.For use in seed production, stable male sterile plants are vegetatively maintained; however, crossing lines isogenic except at the MS locus would allow male sterile plants to be raised from seed. 相似文献
2.
Genetic analysis of male sterility in rice mutants with environmentally influenced levels of fertility 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Twenty-six male sterile plants grown in the field were recovered in the M7 generation from ethyl methane sulfonate-treated material of the rice cultivar M-201. Fertility increased five-fold when ratooned plants from the field were grown in a growth chamber with a 12 hour daylength. Crosses between mutant and normal fertile cultivars produced fertile F1 plants. Female fertility was normal as judged by percent seed set from unbagged panicles of parental and recombinant lines. Transgressive segregation for fertility was observed for all crosses in the F2 and F3 generations. Five of 37 F3 male sterile plants showed moderate levels of seed fertility under winter greenhouse conditions and reduced seed set when transplanted to summer field plots. Fertility data from reciprocal crosses suggested cytoplasmic factors had little or no effect on levels of male sterility in the mutant lines. Chi-squared analyses of F2 and F3 generation results indicated male sterility of the mutants is conditioned by two nuclear genes with epistatic effects. 相似文献
3.
Summary The male sterility system MS-1 of Brassica oleracea was studied in order to elucidate if nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions determine this system. Crosses of male sterile MS-1 genotypes with heterozygous MS-5 genotypes gave fully fertile F1 progenies. Selfing of seven F1 plants resulted in five F2 populations showing a 9:7 segregation ratio and two a 3:1 ratio for fertile and male sterile plants. Two F2 progenies deviated from the expected 9:7 or 3:1 segregation ratios for fertile and male sterile plants. Thermosensitivity and distortion of the meiosis are suggested as the causal factors underlying the deviation of the segregation ratios. It was concluded that nuclear factors determine the male sterility in the MS-1 system, because the presence of a nucleocytoplasmic interaction in this system should have given only a 3:1 segregation ratio for fertile and male sterile plants in the F2 generation. 相似文献
4.
M. Nieuwhof 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):265-273
Summary The effect of temperature on the expression of male sterility was studied in clones of partially male sterile and completely male sterile plants of Brussels sprouts.At a low temperature (10°C) most clones of male sterile plants developed normal fertile flowers, but some clones showed an opposite reaction. The female fertility of the clones of the male sterile plants did not differ much from that of the fertile clones.These results point to a possibility of propagating male sterile lines of cole crops by selfing or sib-mating them at low or high temperatures. 相似文献
5.
The commercial utilization of heterosis in seed yield by means of hybrid varieties is of great importance for increasing oilseed rape production in China. This requires a functional system for the production of hybrid seed. The Brassica napus oilseed rape line 9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (GMS) two‐type line, in which the sterility is controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one pair of a recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (rf). Homozygosity at the rf locus (rfrf) inhibits the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2ms2 plants. This study was conducted to identify molecular markers for one of the male fertility/sterility loci in the B. napus male sterility line 9012AB. Sterile bulk (BS) and fertile bulk (BF) DNA samples prepared from male sterile and male fertile plants of the homozygous two‐type line 9012AB were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. A total of 256 primer combinations were used and seven markers tightly linked to one recessive genic male sterile gene (ms) were identified. Among them, six fragments co‐segregated with the target gene in the tested population, and the other one had a genetic distance of 4.3 cM. The markers identified in this study will greatly enhance the utilization of recessive GMS for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape in China. 相似文献
6.
Q. P. van der Meer 《Euphytica》1987,36(3):927-931
Summary Strong indication was found for the existence of a chromosal monogenic dominant male sterility-gene in chenese cabbage. This source of male sterility can be of practical use for the production of hybrid varieties. A pronounced drawback is the required removal, in the breeding and seed production stage, of the approximately 50% male fertile plants from each offspring of male sterile plants. Fortunately this removal is facilitated by the penomenon of apical dominace in the flowering process in the whole Brassica rapa taxon. Moreover an advantage of dominant monogenic male sterility is its easy and rapid introduction into all available genotypes of chinese cabbage. 相似文献
7.
Summary A spontaneously occurring male sterile condition was located in an inbred line Vg 272 of Pennisetum americanum. Male sterility was inherited as a monogenic recessive condition and showed independent assortment with hairy leaf surface phenotype. Transfer of male sterile allele to inbreds Vg 212 and IP 482 revealed no cytoplasmic effects on the expression of male sterility. Stigmas of the male sterile plants were found to possess the same amount of receptivity upto three days with normal seed set, upto six days with reduced seed set and almost with nil receptivity on the seventh day. 相似文献
8.
Anjani Kammili 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(2):180-184
Genetic male sterility (GMS) exists naturally in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In the existing safflower GMS lines, sterile and fertile plants are distinguishable at flowering. This causes delay in fertile plants rouging and reduction in hybrid purity. In this investigation, a cross between a spiny GMS parent 13‐137 and a spiny non‐GMS parent ‘A1’ was effected. One sib cross, SC‐67, producing non‐parental‐type non‐spiny sterile and spiny fertile plants in F3 was advanced to F9 through sib crossing between non‐spiny sterile and spiny fertile plants. Mendelian digenic segregation was not observed for non‐spiny trait and male sterility. The results revealed strong linkage between these traits. The linkage was confirmed in F2 generations of crosses between a non‐spiny marker‐linked GMS line (MGMS) and five elite lines. Male sterility–linked non‐spiny trait could distinguish sterile and fertile plants at elongation stage. The MGMS would be useful in production of pure F1 hybrid seed and development of elite populations. 相似文献
9.
Digenic nature of male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary A cross was made between two nearly isogenic lines differing for male sterility genes, viz. ms1ms1Ms2Ms2 s Ms1Ms1Ms2ms2. F1 plants yielded F2 populations which segregated either in 3:1 or 9:7 ratios of fertile vs male sterile individuals. Test crosses between male sterile and male fertile sibs in the 9:7 segregating populations provided a few lines in which most of the progenies were male sterile. A 3:1 ratio model of male steriles vs fertiles is suggested and the value of the system is discussed.Contribution A.R.O. Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50 250, Israel No. 3703-E, 1992 series. 相似文献
10.
Summary A high frequency of male sterile mutants regeneration was shown in callus cultures derived from leaves and panicles of haploid sorghum (Msc1, A1 cytoplasm) and a spontaneous autodiploid obtained from this haploid. The cultures derived from the embryos of this autodiploid yielded significantly fewer mutants. Absolutely or partially male sterile mutants appeared among the regenerants or in the progeny of fertile regenerants. In the self-fertilized progenies of partially male sterile mutants and in the hybrids of sterile mutants with autodiploid line (i.e. under one and the same nuclear genome) male sterility mutations were inherited as cytoplasmic. Non-Mendelian segregation of sterile, partially male sterile and fertile plants was observed in these progenies. Partially male sterile plants were characterized by somatic segregation of male sterility genetic factors. In test-crosses with some CMS A1 fertility restorers, mutations were manifested as nuclear recessive while with others as nuclear dominant. These differences are supposed to be the result of interaction of fertility restorer genes of these testers with the novel cytoplasm. Male sterility mutations accompanied with female sterility were inherited as nuclear recessives.Abbreviations f
fertile
- ps
partially male sterile
- s
male sterile plants 相似文献
11.
S. Prakash I. Ahuja H. C. Upreti V. Dinesh Kumar S. R. Bhat P. B. Kirti V. L. Chopra 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):479-482
An alloplasmic mustard, Brassica juncea, has been synthesized by placing its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the related wild species Erucastrum canariense to express cytoplasmic male sterility. To achieve this, the sexual hybrid E. canariense (2n=18, EcEc) ×Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea (2n= 36, AABB). Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) plants were recovered in the BC4 generation. These plants are a normal green and the flowers have slender, non‐dehiscing anthers that contain sterile pollen. Nectaries are well developed and female fertility is > 90%. The fertility restoration gene was introgressed to CMS B. juncea from the cytoplasmic donor E. canariense through pairing between chromosomes belonging to B. juncea with those of the E. canariense genome. The restorer plants have normal flowers, with well‐developed anthers containing fertile pollen. Meiosis proceeds normally. Pollen and seed fertility averaged 90% and 82%, respectively. F1 hybrids between CMS and the restorer are fully pollen fertile and show normal seed set. Preliminary results indicate that restoration is achieved by a single dominant gene. The constitution of the organelle genomes of the CMS, restorer and fertility restored plants is identical, as revealed by Southern analysis using mitochondrial and chloroplast probes atp A and psb D, respectively. 相似文献
12.
M. Nieuwhof 《Euphytica》1990,47(2):171-177
Summary Research has been carried out on identification of maintainers for cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile lines in Japanese and European radish, on the mode of inheritance of male sterility and on the effect of environmental factors on the expression of this character.In a Japanese radish population and in most early European radish populations maintainers were found in high frequency. Segregations for male sterility in full-sib families, obtained by crossing male sterile and male fertile plants, and in backcross generations, indicated that male sterility is probably determined by one dominant and two recessive independently acting genes, but also minor genes may be involved.The expression of male sterility was not affected by seasonal influences. In some populations a reversible temperature effect was found, most ms plants occurred at 10, 14 and 26°C and most mf plants at 17 and 20°C. 相似文献
13.
Summary Some plants without pods but with gynophores were observed in two F4 progenies of two crosses of goundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The flowers on these plants had translucent white anthers with no or a few sterile pollen grains. Three such plants in the succeeding generation were hand pollinated with pollen from a short-duration Indian cv. JL 24. The resulting F1 hybrid plants (male sterile x JL 24) were normal. Chi-square tests for segregation for male fertile and male sterile plants in F2 and F3 generations indicated that the male sterility in these crosses of groundnut is governed by two recessive genes. We designate these genes as ms1 and ms2 with ms1ms1ms2ms2 being a male sterile genotype.Submitted as ICRISAT J. A. No. 1812. 相似文献
14.
In a previously made cross Brassica napus cv. Oro (2n = 38) × Capsella bursa-pastoris (2n = 4x = 32), one F1 hybrid with 2n = 38 was totally male sterile. The hybrid contained no complete chromosomes from C. bursa-pastoris, but some specific AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) bands of C. bursa-pastoris were detected. The hybrid was morphologically quite similar to ‘Oro’ except for smaller flowers with rudimentary stamens
but normal pistils, and showed good seed-set after pollination by ‘Oro’ and other B. napus cultivars. The fertility segregation ratios (3:1, 1:1) in its progenies indicated that the male sterility was controlled
by a single recessive gene. In the pollen mother cells of the male sterile hybrid, chromosome pairing and segregation were
normal. Histological sectioning of its anthers showed that the tapetum was multiple layers and was hypertrophic from the stage
of sporogenic cells, and that the tetrads were compressed by the vacuolated and disaggregated tapetum and no mature pollen
grains were formed in anther sacs, thus resulting in male sterility. The possible mechanisms for the production of the male
sterile hybrid and its potential in breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Development of dominant nuclear male-sterile lines with a blue seed marker in durum and common wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In order to develop genie male‐sterile lines with a blue seed marker, male‐sterile plants, controlled by a dominant nuclear gene Ms2, were used as female parents against a 4E disomic addition line ‘Xiaoyan Lanli’(2n= 44, AABBDD+4EII) as the male parent to produce monosomic addition lines with blue seed. Male‐sterile plants from the monosomic addition lines were pollinated with durum wheat for several generations and in 1989 a male‐sterile line with the blue grain gene and the male‐sterile gene Ms2 on the same additional chromosome was detected and named line 89‐2343. Using this line, the blue seed marker was successfully added to a short male‐sterile line containing Ms2 and Rht10. The segregation ratios of male sterility and seed colour as well as the chromosome figurations of different plants indicated that the blue grain genes, Ms2 and Rht10 were located on the same additional chromosome. Cytological analysis showed that the blue marker male‐sterile lines in durum wheat and common wheat were monosomic with an additional chromosome 4E. The inheritance ratio for blue seed male‐sterile plants and white seed male‐fertile plants was 19.7% and 80.3%, respectively, in common wheat. The potential for using blue marker sterile lines in population improvement and hybrid production is discussed. 相似文献
16.
The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through
avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding.
Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation
analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that
each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants
with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes
for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility
loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried
mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS
in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried
mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can
be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general
restorer for both CMS and GMS systems. 相似文献
17.
A. C. Zeven 《Euphytica》1972,21(2):265-270
Summary A study was made of the inheritance of functional male sterility of Streptocarpus Constant Nymph and its mutants. It was concluded that plants with genotypes Da. are male sterile although in rare cases a fruit may be produced. Plants with genotype data are fertile although the degree of fruit set greatly varies. This may have been caused by many factors including physiological abortion, as it was often observed that only one or two flowers of an inflorescence grow into fruits, the other remaining undeveloped.Some thoughts about the origin of this unfavourable allele and its survival in nature are presented.It is suggested that when sterility is observed, the cause of this sterility may be functional male sterility. 相似文献
18.
The male sterile plants that segregated in a BC5F2 of `C. sericeus × C. cajan var. TT-5' population were maintained by sib mating. The male sterile plants were crossed with ICPL-85012.Approximately 50%
of the F1 plants were sterile. F2 plants derived from the fertile F1 plants did not segregate for male sterility. The reciprocal hybrid i.e. ICPL-85012 × Fertile derivatives from C. sericeus × TT-5, did not express male sterility. However, among the 12 F2 plant to row progenies, two segregated 25% male sterile plants and remaining 10 did not segregate. The segregation pattern
in subsequent progenies revealed that the sterility was under control of a single recessive allele. Studies on the backcross
and their BC1F2 and BC1F3progenies revealed another sterility gene which was found to be dominant in inheritance. This paper shows that what was thought
to be cytoplasmic male sterility from C. sericeus cytoplasm is actually a single dominant gene possibly acting in concert with a single recessive gene to mimic cytoplasmic
male sterility.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
In a previous study, we developed male sterile lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., by backcrossing. To evaluate seed productivity of the male sterile lines in practise, they were crossed with the male fertile line, cultivar 'Kujyo', using honeybees as pollinators under field conditions. The number of florets and seeds per inflorescence, seed set and seed germination of the material were investigated. Although variation was observed among the male sterile lines, there were several lines having seed productivity equal to cultivar 'Kujyo'. Our data demonstrate that the male sterile lines of A. fistulosum possessing the cytoplasm of A. galanthum are useful as seed parents for the commercial F seed production of A. fistulosum. 相似文献