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1.
我国南方油菜病毒病的发生和病原血清学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1986—1990午先后对我国南方油菜产区10个省(市)的24个县,114块油菜地进行病毒病发病调查,采集病株标样进行种类鉴定。结果表明,油菜病毒病发生普遍,尤以武汉、长沙、成都和合肥等市的郊区发病最重。发病率都在30%以上。酶联免疫吸附和对流免疫电泳测定1122份样品的结果,各地病毒种类均以TuMV(芜菁花叶病毒)为主,占样品总数的80.48%[含其与CMV(黄瓜花叶病毒)和TMV(烟草花叶病毒)复合感染者],其他病毒单独侵染者较少。分别对4种不同类型油菜(甘蓝型、白菜型、芥菜型和其他类型)病株测定结果,也以TuMV侵染率高,约占测定样品数的52—98%。因此抗病育种应着重选育抗TuMV的品种。 相似文献
2.
本研究鉴定了中国冬油菜区18个省(市、自市区)选育和栽培的甘蓝型品种238份,白菜型品种26份对病毒病的感染性。甘蓝型品种大部分为低抗或低感类型,感染指数为0.5—1.5,该类品种占供试品种总数的73.69％;其次是感染指数>1.5的高感品种,它们占总数的19.75％;感染指数<0.5的高抗品种很少,仅占7.56％。白菜型品种基本上都属于高感类型。作者认为这些结果基本反映了中国冬油菜区栽培品种对病毒病的感染性。在10省11个地点经过1—7年试验,证明除云南省之外,其他各冬油菜区油菜苗期病毒病与角果发育期病毒病均成极显著正相关,586个成对样本苗期发病率与角果发育期发病率的相关系数为0.780。说明在这些地区用影响苗期发病的因素来预测异年油菜角果发育期病害是有可能的。 相似文献
3.
皖中平原属于长江中下游平原的一部份,是中国冬油菜区油菜病毒病常发重病区之一。据1981—1985年在芜湖调查,5年大田油菜平均发病率为16.7％其中有2年在20％以上,严重田块发病率高达60％以上。据作者与中国农科院油科研究所取样鉴定,本地区油菜病毒病的病原病毒中芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)占92％。据5年试验和调查,本地区病害流行主要与下述因素有关。 相似文献
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近10年油菜主要病虫害发生危害情况的统计和分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2007-2016年,我国油菜种植面积逐年增加,尤其近三年均超过753万hm2,种植制度调整、观赏型油菜与高产型油菜间隔种植、病虫害抗药性增强以及气候异常等因素导致我国油菜病虫害总体处于重发状态,防控压力大。近10年油菜各类病虫害年发生面积在721.18万~881.74万hm2次,防治面积在686.18万~982.28万hm2次,通过防治年均挽回油菜损失98.34万t,占全国油菜总产的7.25%;年均实际损失28.09万t,占全国油菜总产的2.07%。影响全国油菜生产的最为重要的10种病虫害依次为油菜菌核病、油菜蚜虫、油菜霜霉病、小菜蛾、油菜甲虫(叶甲科和露尾甲科甲虫,下同)、油菜茎象甲、油菜病毒病、地下害虫、菜粉蝶和油菜白锈病,以总损失计,比例分别为55.60%、23.44%、9.51%、2.87%、2.43%、1.69%、1.58%、1.53%、0.86%和0.50%。对油菜生产威胁最大的病虫害是油菜菌核病和油菜蚜虫。本文用大量翔实的历史数据统计分析了近10年来油菜主要病虫害造成的危害损失和暴发危害情况,为油菜病虫害的监测预警及防治工作提供参考。 相似文献
6.
为检测江西柑橘主产区柑橘衰退病毒分离株组群的构成情况,运用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)对收集自江西柑橘14个主产区果园的CTV分离株进行分析。发现209份样品的CP/HinfⅠ酶切结果中182份样品表现出单一CP/HinfⅠRFLP谱型,占鉴定样品总数的87.1%,其中以CP/HinfⅠRFLP第3和第1组群的分离株构成为主,分别占样品总数的55.5%和26.8%;混合CP/HinfⅠRFLP组群样品占12.9%。本次检测中发现有1个分离株为第4组群,5个分离株为第5组群,可能为潜在的弱毒分离株。本次试验中检测的江西柑橘样品以CTV单一组群感染为主。 相似文献
7.
广西烟草病毒病发生情况调查和病原病毒的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010~2011年对广西百色市、河池市和贺州市的主要烤烟产区进行烟草病毒病发生情况和种类调查。结果显示,广西烟草病毒病以由烟草花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒引起的花叶类型症状为主,一般发病率1.0%~10.0%,个别严重发病田块发病率达到82.0%~100.0%;马铃薯Y病毒病、番茄斑萎病毒病和曲叶病则为局部发生病害,其中马铃薯Y病毒病在靖西县、南丹县、富川县和钟山县零星发生,发病率0.1%~5.0%,个别田块达到20.0%;番茄斑萎病毒病主要在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和南丹县发生;曲叶病仅在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和乐业县等百色市烟区发现。采用间接ELISA、PCR和RT-PCR等方法对田间采集的185个各类疑似病毒病样进行病毒种类检测,其中145个样品检测出病毒,分别是烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、番茄环纹斑点病毒、中国番茄曲叶病毒和中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒,以及分别由上述2种病毒与云南辣椒曲叶病毒重组而来的2种重组病毒,其中以TMV的检出率最高,占检出样品的86.7%,是广西烟草病毒病的优势病原病毒。 相似文献
8.
为建立免耕栽培模式下油菜菌核病的早期预测模型,通过巢式PCR法检测湖北省前茬分别为棉花和水稻的2种免耕油菜田花朵带菌率,结合田间调查分析茎秆菌核病发生率与病害主要流行影响因子之间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法建立免耕油菜田花期菌核病的预测模型。结果表明,2009—2012年棉花-油菜田花朵带菌率在同期比水稻-油菜田高,前者花朵带菌率为2.0%~58.2%,后者为0~41.0%。花朵带菌率、子囊盘密度和叶发病率对茎秆发病起主要作用,降雨量和温度作用次之;建立的棉花-油菜和水稻-油菜2种免耕类型田病害预测模型分别为:y=0.261x_1+4.89x_2+0.323x_3+0.32x_4+0.457x_5-9.438,y=0.361x_1+5.824x_2+0.323x_3+0.809x_4+0.333x_5-12.608;且预测值与实际值之间均具有较高的拟合度。表明在花期获得的花朵带菌率、子囊盘密度、叶发病率、降雨量及气温数据,经病害模拟方程可预测当年油菜菌核病发生情况。 相似文献
9.
酸模叶蓼的生物学特性与危害初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
酸模叶蓼（Polygonum lapathifolium）为一年生双子叶杂草，种子繁植。在西宁地区全生育期138d左右，出苗期53d，4月中旬为第一出草高峰，出草量占出草总数的14.8%，5月上旬为第二出草高峰，出草量占出草总数的31.4%。出草最适深度1993年为1.0-3.0cm，1999年为2.0-3.0cm。花期45d左右，结果期50d左右，单株结籽量平均2618.8粒。种了有休眠习性。酸模叶蓼在油菜4叶期至结角期与油菜竞争强烈，表现N、P、K含量比油菜高1.17%-55.78%。酸模叶蓼鲜重与油菜单株角果数呈极显著负相关关系，酸模叶蓼鲜重与油菜产量有显著负相关关系，回归方程分别为y1=241.38-0.0138x1(r1=-0.9726^**),y2=2407.1-0.1413x2(r2=-0.9303^*）。 相似文献
10.
海南岛葫芦科蔬菜根结线虫危害性调查与种类鉴定初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对海南11个市县的葫芦科蔬菜进行根结线虫危害性调查,结果显示,大部分地区发病率在50%以上;其中琼中腰子、澄迈长安和琼中营根主产菜区的病情指数分别达到了47.12、47.14和40,已造成严重损失。采自海南11个县市5种葫芦科蔬菜24个根结线虫种群经单卵块纯化培养,运用形态学和同工酶的方法对其进行种类鉴定,结果表明,南方根结线虫占总数的79.17%,爪哇根结线虫占总数的12.5%,根结线虫疑似新种或新纪录种占总数的8.3%。南方根结线虫是危害海南葫芦科蔬菜的优势种。 相似文献
11.
The incidence and severity of three diseases of oilseed rape, caused by beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV), cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), were assessed in England and Wales in the springs of 1992 and 1993. In 1992, 62% of oilseed rape crops examined were found to contain BWYV, with an average of 28% plants infected; 14% of crops contained CaMV, with an average of 5% plants infected; and TuMV with 3% crops and < 1% plants infected. In 1993, BWYV was found in 42% of crops and 12% of plants infected; CaMV in 25% of crops and 7% of plants infected; and TuMV in 14% of crops and 5% plants infected. The yields of plants showing severe virus symptoms were reduced by an estimated 70 to 79%. The high incidence of CaMV and TuMV in oilseed rape crops could have important consequences for rapeseed production in the UK and also serve as a source of virus for vegetable brassicae. 相似文献
12.
N. Zamani‐Noor 《Plant pathology》2017,66(2):316-324
Between 2012 and 2015, 49 new clubroot‐infested fields were identified in 12 German federal states. Clubroot disease incidence varied within these fields from 22% to 92%. Field information revealed that in 85% of fields, oilseed rape was grown in rotation once every 2 or 3 years. Frequency of OSR in the rotation was significantly correlated with the incidence and prevalence of clubroot disease. The disease was detected in fields with soil pH ranging from 5.1 to 8.3, and a significant negative correlation was found between soil pH and the disease incidence of infested fields. Furthermore, more cases of disease and severe incidences were observed in sandy loam and loamy sand as compared with other soil types. Pathotype classification of the 49 Plasmodiophora brassicae populations was conducted on two differential sets, the European Clubroot Differential set and the set of Somé (1996). Additionally, the degree of virulence of the collected isolates was analysed on the clubroot‐resistant oilseed rape cv. Mendel. The results showed variation in pathotype distribution in different regions in Germany. The majority of isolates according to Somé were pathotypes 1 and 3, respectively, with pathotypes 2 and 5 in the minority. Detailed classification according to Buczacki showed the dominance of 16/31/31, 16/14/30 and 16/14/31 populations among 20 distinct virulence patterns of collected isolates. From all populations tested for virulence on cv. Mendel, 15 isolates were found to be moderately or highly virulent. These virulent populations were not restricted to a small geographical area in the country. 相似文献
13.
Anna Johansson Jan-Kees C. Goud Christina Dixelius 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(2):139-149
Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing vascular wilt of Brassica crops. This study was conducted to enhance our knowledge on the host range of V. longisporum. Seven crop species (barley, oat, oilseed rape, pea, red clover, sugar beet and wheat) and five weed species (barren brome,
black-grass, charlock, cleavers and scentless mayweed) all common in southern Sweden were evaluated for infection by response
to V. longisporum. Oat, spring wheat, oilseed rape, scentless mayweed and charlock inoculated with V. longisporum in a greenhouse showed stunting to various degrees close to the fully ripe stage. Based on the extent of microsclerotia formation,
explants were separated into four groups: for pea and wheat, <5% of the samples had formed microsclerotia; for scentless mayweed,
5–10%; for oat, 10–20%; and for charlock and oilseed rape >80%. The results suggest that plant species outside the Brassicaceae can act as reservoirs of V. longisporum inoculum. Soil inoculum densities in nine fields were monitored over a period of 12 months, which ranged from 1 to 48 cfu
g−1 soil. Density of microsclerotia was lowest just after harvest, reaching its maximum six months later. No significant correlation
between inoculum density in soil and disease incidence on oilseed rape plants was found. However, the data suggest that a
threshold of 1 cfu g−1 soil is needed to cause disease on oilseed rape. Species identification based on microsclerotia morphology and PCR analysis
showed that V. longisporum dominated in soil of seven, and V. dahliae in two of the nine fields studied. 相似文献
14.
Hansen LM 《Pest management science》2003,59(9):1057-1059
The pollen beetle is the most important pest in Danish oilseed rape fields. In 2001, we screened a broad range of pollen beetle populations for pyrethroid and dimethoate resistance. A standard dip-test was used to test insecticide resistance in 18 populations collected from oilseed winter and spring rape fields. The beetles were treated with four different insecticides: the pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate, lambda-cyhalothrin and esfenvalerate, and the organophosphate dimethoate. The results show that up to 99% of the pollen beetles survived Danish standard doses of pyrethroids and up to 36% of the beetles survived standard doses of dimethoate. 相似文献
15.
依据病毒的寄主植物反应、血清学性质和RNA 3'末端含cp和mp基因1554 bp cDNA片段序列分析,明确一个侵染油菜的烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus病毒分离物是油菜花叶病毒(Oileed rape mosaic virus,ORMV)的一个株系,定名为Wh株系.ORMV-Wh侵染油菜、白菜和大白菜等十字花科的作物,初期产生典型明脉症状,对辣椒、番茄和烟草等茄科植物致病性弱;血清学与烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)有明显差异.ORMV-Wh mp、cp基因和3'UTR区段大小分别为798、474和235个核苷酸,mp和cp基因有77个核苷酸重叠;与TMV序列同源性在60%以下,与侵染十字花科Tobamovirus属病毒株系序列同源性在80%以上;其中与ORMV的不同株系RMV-CAB、RMV-Sh、YoMV、YoMV-Cg和CTMV-W的同源性在90%以上. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether post-emergence application of glufosinate to transgenic crops could lead to an increase in residues or to the formation of new, hitherto unknown metabolites. Transgenic oilseed rape and maize plants were treated separately with L-glufosinate, D-glufosinate or the racemic mixture. Whereas about 90% of the applied D-glufosinate was washed off by rain and only 5-6% was metabolised, 13-35% of the applied L-glufosinate remained in the form of metabolites and unchanged herbicide in both transgenic maize and oilseed rape. The main metabolite was N-acetyl-L-glufosinate with total residues of 91% in oilseed rape and 67% in maize, together with small amounts, of 5% in oilseed rape and 28% in maize, of different methylphosphinyl fatty acids. These metabolites were probably formed from L-glufosinate by deamination and subsequent decarboxylation. The residues were distributed in all fractions of the plants, with the highest contents in treated leaves and the lowest in the grains (0.07-0.3% in maize and 0.4-0.6% in oilseed rape). There was no indication of an accumulation of total residues or of residue levels above the official tolerances for glufosinate. 相似文献
18.
F. M. HUMPHERSON-JONES 《Plant pathology》1983,32(1):33-39
Surveys of brassica seed crops in Essex and Suffolk showed that Alternaria spp. occurred in many crops of Brassica oleracea in the years 1977–1980 affecting up to 100% of pods in each year. A. brassicicola was the only species present in 1976 and was the domioant pathogen in succeeding years but A. brassicae increased in frequency from 1977, causing 24% of the pod infections on B. oleracea in 1980. The latter fungus was the dominant species in crops of oilseed rape ( B. napus ), the mean incidence of infected pods increasing from 0.5% in 1977 to 2.9% in 1980. Leptosphaeria maculans was not found in horticultural brassica seed crops in 1976 but occurred abundantly in these crops and in oilseed rape crops in each of the following years. 相似文献
19.
S. J. Welham † J. A. Turner P. Gladders B. D. L. Fitt N. Evans A. Baierl 《Plant pathology》2004,53(6):713-724
Data from surveys of winter oilseed rape crops in England and Wales in growing seasons with harvests in 1987–99 were used to construct statistical models to predict, in autumn (October), the incidence of light leaf spot caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae on winter oilseed rape crops the following spring (March/April), at both regional and individual crop scales. Regions (groups of counties) with similar seasonal patterns of incidence (percentage of plants affected) of light leaf spot were defined by using principal coordinates analysis on the survey data. At the regional scale, explanatory variables for the statistical models were regional weather (mean summer temperature and mean monthly winter rainfall) and survey data for regional light leaf spot incidence (percentage of plants with affected pods) in July of the previous season. At the crop scale, further explanatory variables were crop cultivar (light leaf spot resistance rating), sowing date (number of weeks before/after 1 September), autumn fungicide use and light leaf spot incidence in autumn. Risk of severe light leaf spot (> 25% plants affected) in a crop in spring was also predicted, and uncertainty in predictions was assessed. The models were validated using data from spring surveys of winter oilseed rape crops in England and Wales from 2000 to 2003, and reasons for uncertainty in predictions for individual crops are discussed. 相似文献
20.
A.-C. WALLENHAMMAR 《Plant pathology》1996,45(4):710-719
During 1986–87 the presence of clubroot in soils sampled from 190 fields was assessed using a bioassay method, based on baiting the soils with Brassica campestris spp. pekinesis cv. Granaat. Clubroot was detected in 148 (72%) of the fields investigated and, on average, 49.2% of the plants were infected according to the bioassay. Subsequent testing of fields in 1990 and 1992 (54 and 81 fields, respectively) where no further Brassica crops had been grown indicated a significant decrease in the degree of infestation to 7.1% in 1992. Clay soils showed, on average, the highest degree of infestation, and high infestation was recorded for a wide range of pH values (5.2–6.6). The highest degree of infestation was recorded on fields where oilseeds were grown five times during the period 1965–85. The results presented show that, in a field with 100% infestation, the level of infestation declined to below the detection level after a period of 17.3 years. The half-life of the spore inoculum was determined to be 3.6 years. During the sensitivity testing of different Brassica species and cultivars, it was found that Chinese cabbage showed a low percentage of infestation in two soils, whilst some oilseed rape and spring oilseed turnip rape cultivars showed high degrees of infestation in these soils. 相似文献