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1.
以同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系09-04-01和相应的二倍体09-02-01为研究材料,对其不同剂量离子注入后种子电解质外渗率及幼苗生长状况和酶活性做了初步研究.结果表明:离子注入后,09-04-01种子电解质外渗率与对照相比的平均增幅低于09-02-01;09-02-01在1.0×1017N+/cm2注入剂量下幼苗生长状...  相似文献   

2.
选择大型溞、斜生栅藻、发光菌为试验生物,对某废弃农药厂污染场地4个不同区域土壤剖面浅层地下水编号为CP01、CP02、CP03、CP04的4种水样进行了急性毒性试验,同时对水样进行了化学分析。结果表明,4种水样对大型溞的24h-EC50分别为0.29%、5.12%、0.83%、1.99%;对斜生栅藻的96h-EC50分别为11.04%、50.44%、12.21%、41.66%;对费舍尔弧菌的发光抑制率分别为95%、66%、88%、75%。化学检测结果表明,CP01中的主要污染物为苯系物与少量烷烃、烯烃类多种物质,CP02中的污染物质只有少量二氯甲烷与1,2-二氯乙烷两种物质,CP03、CP04中的主要污染物为苯系物与烷烃多种物质。毒性试验结果与化学检测结果具有较好的相关性,3种试验生物的毒性效应结果相一致。该研究方法简单快速,可以用于污染场地水样污染毒性诊断,快速筛选出敏感区域,同时提供污染物质的联合毒性基础数据,为场地进一步危害识别与风险评估提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
生物肥料多功能芽孢杆菌的筛选及其作用机理研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
本研究旨在筛选出多功能芽孢菌株及其组合,并对其促生机理进行研究。通过平板对峙法、 发酵液拮抗活性的测定、 盆栽试验、 土壤养分测定和植株根域土壤区系分析从9株供试芽孢杆菌中进行多功能菌株的筛选,并通过室内相容性试验,得到功能菌株最佳复配组合。除菌株B02和B08外,其余菌株都具有抑制多种病原真菌和促进植株生长的作用。菌株B04的促生作用较强,在生长30 d和60 d时总干重比对照分别增加了28.4% 和44.6%; 菌株B06的抑病作用较强, 对8种植物病原真菌的R2/R1为0.4~1.8,无菌滤液对8种植物病原真菌的抑制率为66.7%~87.5%; 此外,菌株B01具有活化氮和磷的作用,B03、 B04、 B05和B06具有活化氮和钾的作用,B07具有活化钾的作用,B09具有活化氮、 磷和钾的作用,氮的活化率为8.4%~23.2%,磷的活化率为3.5%~8.4%,钾的活化率为4.2%~26.8%。菌株室内相容性试验结果表明, 最佳复配组合为B04-B06-B07和B01-B04-B07。供试9株芽孢杆菌都具有抑病、 促生、 活化养分和改善微生物区系作用中的一种或一种以上功能。多功能芽孢杆菌的菌群组合研究的理论依据可靠可行,实践依据还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

4.
雾滴大小、叶片表面特性与倾角对农药沉积量的影响   总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4  
为提高农药的有效利用率,研究雾滴大小、叶片表面性质与倾角对农药雾滴沉积量的影响,选用6种喷头ST110-01、ST110-02、ST110-03、ST110-04、ST110-05及IDK120-03,在设定叶片倾角为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°时在棉花、水稻与小麦叶片上进行试验研究。结果表明:叶片表面性质、叶片倾角对沉积量影响差异显著,喷头类型,即雾滴大小,对沉积量影响不显著;减小叶片倾角有助于增加沉积量;叶片微结构可能是作物影响沉积量的原因。该研究可为农药有效利用率的提高提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
土壤中功能真菌的分离及其解磷能力的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
从黑龙江省安达市草甸土壤中分离得到3株功能真菌HDJF-01、HDJF-02和HDJF-03,它们均具有解磷和固氮能力,而只有HDJF-03没有解钾能力.3株菌在3种分离培养基上的数量比例关系较为一致.对3株菌单独培养时的解磷能力研究表明,在发酵48 h时解磷能力最强,发酵液中游离磷含量分别为32.5 μg/mL(HDJF-01)、23.45 μg/mL(HDJF-02)和47.15 μg/mL(HDJF-03).48 h后,各株菌的解磷能力逐渐下降.将HDJF-01和HDJF-03配比解磷时,解磷能力有所下降.为解磷菌剂的开发生产提供了菌种资源.  相似文献   

6.
双胚苗水稻种子的扫描电镜观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以同源四倍体双胚苗水稻品系(D07-04-01)及其衍生后代(01-04-01,D07-02-01,DP07-04-01)为研究材料,利用扫描电镜技术和X射线衍射技术对稻米的垩白性状、淀粉粒的形态特征和淀粉的晶体特性进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,与其他材料相比,双胚苗二倍体品系D07-02-01的垩白粒率、垩白度和垩白大小均最小,稻米的自然横断面中部无明显辐射状,裂痕少且浅,"粗短形"的不规则多边形胚乳细胞与淀粉粒分布均匀,多面体状淀粉粒呈现典型的晶体结构,数目多且排列致密,球形单粒淀粉粒和块状不规则的复粒淀粉体数目比较少,相对结晶度高,直链淀粉含量低,即外观品质和食味品质均比其他四倍体品系好。  相似文献   

7.
The binding activities of IgG and IgE antibodies from egg-allergic patients to physically or chemically treated egg white proteins were examined and compared with those of rabbit anti-egg white IgG antibodies. The sera from eight patients and four rabbit antibodies were used in this study. The binding activities of human IgG antibody to partially denatured ovotransferrin (Tf), ovalbumin (OA), and lysozyme (Lys) forms were increased, whereas carboxymethylation (RCM) and heat treatment caused a dramatic decrease in the antigenicity of Tf and ovomucoid (OVM). Tf and OVM were major immunogenic antigens for the rabbit IgG response. Urea also caused Tf to exhibit greater rabbit IgG binding activity. In contrast, human and rabbit antibodies did not react with ovomucin. Partially denatured Tf and Lys also induced strong IgE binding activities. The allergenicity of Tf, OVM, and Lys was decreased by RCM, whereas OA retained its binding capacity. These results suggested that anti-OA IgE recognizes more sequential epitopes and that anti-OVM and Lys antibodies recognize both conformational and sequential epitopes. Tf and OVM were dominant allergens for the IgE antibodies of anaphylaxis patients, whereas IgE from atopic patients bound more strongly with OA and OVM.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Recent trends in peach orchards have focused on intensification and high density plantings using different Prunus rootstock species with different vigor traits. This investigation aims to study the physiological behavior of different Prunus rootstocks in order to identify the most suitable rootstock under warm Mediterranean conditions. Field agronomic performance and foliar nutrient content of the flat peach cultivar ‘Subirana’ grafted on ten different Prunus rootstocks were studied on calcareous soil typical of the Mediterranean area. Ten rootstocks: ‘ADAGAF 04-03’, ‘AGAF 0301-04’, ‘Garnem’, ‘Krymsk® 1’, ‘Krymsk® 86’, ‘PAC 847’, ‘PADAC 04-01’, ‘PADAC 150’, ‘PM 105 AD’, and ‘Rootpac® 70’, were considered. Vegetative growth, chlorophyll SPAD index, leaf mineral status and deviation from the optimum percentage (DOP) index were determined. Leaf chlorophyll content varied depending on the rootstock. ‘PADAC 04-01’ and ‘ADAGAF 04-03’ showed higher chlorophyll index. The lowest SPAD values were observed for the most dwarfing rootstock ‘Krymsk® 1’, which showed visual chlorosis symptoms, and lower leaf mineral contents compared to the other rootstocks. Peach trees on Prunus rootstocks showed differences in leaf macronutrient and micronutrient content. ‘Rootpac® 70’, ‘ADAGAF 04-03’ and ‘PADAC 04-01’ had better adaptation under warm Tunisian conditions but high ΣDOP index. The most invigorating ‘Garnem’ had the highest imbalanced nutritional status, but continues to perform well under warm conditions. Interesting results were obtained with ‘Rootpac® 70’ showing one of the best balanced nutritional values (average ΣDOP index). However, the most dwarfing rootstock ‘Krymsk® 1’ presented the worst adaptation to the studied warm Mediterranean conditions.  相似文献   

9.
Structural modifications of ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme at the air-water interface have been investigated using SDS-PAGE, both intrinsic and ANS fluorometry, and circular dichroism experiments. Ovalbumin contact with an interface induced an exposure of aromatic residues, a slight decrease in alpha-helix structures (-1.7%), and an increase in both beta-sheet (+3.4%) and beta-turn (+7.9%) structures. Moreover, these conformational changes led to the formation of insoluble polymers of ovalbumin through intermolecular disulfide bonds. Ovotransferrin contact with an interface led to an increase in its surface hydrophobicity (+30%) and modifications of its secondary structure (-33% of alpha-helices, +96.4% of beta-sheets, +13.2% of beta-turns, and +21.2% of random coils), characteristic of major conformational changes. On the other hand, lysozyme did not undergo any structural modification. These results clearly underscore that at the air-water interface proteins are susceptible to denaturation.  相似文献   

10.
The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to amplify DNA segments, with the objective of finding markers linked to sex determination in male and female plants of Piper betle L. Two bulks of DNA were made drawing one each from male and female, by pooling an equal volume of DNA samples from each group of individual contributing to the bulk analysis. Fifty different random decamer primers were screened with the two bulks to identify markers associated with sex expression of which only four primers were found to be associated with sex expression. These four primers were then tested with individual plant DNA samples where sex-associated RAPD markers were identified. A ~1,400 and ~850?bp fragment from the primer OPA04 and OPN 02 respectively was found to be present in all the male individuals and absent in all the female plants. In another primer, a ~980?bp amplification product from the primer OPC 06 was present only in the female individuals. A common primer OPA 08 showed both male and female specific markers of 650 and 1,200?bp respectively. Thus, the three male- specific RAPD markers OPA041400, OPA08650 and OPN02850 and two female-specific markers OPA081200 and OPC06980 can reliably differentiate the male and female plants of P. betle L. Ploidy comparison also showed the differences in male and female plants.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]为满足乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林体系构建对优良造林树种选择的要求,对多个品种速生杨在乌兰布和沙区绿洲的适应性进行评价。[方法]以北抗、08、中林等系列的20个引进速生杨品种为研究对象,当前主要造林树种新疆杨为参照,运用系统聚类分析和多因素模糊综合评判方法对20种速生杨在乌兰布和沙漠绿洲地区生长初期适应性进行综合评价。[结果]08-01,创新、中林2005,北抗16-22,08-02,08-03,中林315,08-07,天黑、京2等10个品种在速生性、成活状况、抗病虫害能力方面均明显优于新疆杨;京6,北抗16-27,Simplot,08-09,08-08,08-14等6个品种各项评价指标与新疆杨接近;辽宁杨(鲁×山)、北抗16-8,08-04,DN-34等4个树种综合评价适应性低于新疆杨。[结论]08-01等10个品种能够在乌兰布和沙漠绿洲地区良好生长,可以作为该区造林和植物资源收集储备的备选树种。京6等6个品种综合评价适应性中等,辽宁杨(鲁×山)等4个品种适应性较差,无法在该区正常生长。  相似文献   

12.
Colorectal tumor risks could be reduced by polyphenol-rich diets that inhibit cell growth. Here, apple polyphenols were studied for effects on the survival of colon adenoma (LT97) and carcinoma-derived (HT29) cell lines. Three apple extracts (AEs) from harvest years 2002-2004 were isolated (AE02, AE03, and AE04) and fermented in vitro with human fecal flora. Extracts and fermentation products were analyzed for polyphenols with HPLC. The cells were treated with AEs (0-850 microg/mL) or fermented AEs (F-AEs, 0-9%), and survival was measured by DNA staining. All AEs contained high amounts of polyphenols (311-534 mg/g) and reduced cell survival (in LT97 > HT29). AE03 was most potent, possibly because it contained more quercetin compounds. Fermentation of AEs resulted in an increase of short chain fatty acids, and polyphenols were degraded. The F-AEs were approximately 3-fold less bioactive than the corresponding AEs, pointing to a loss of chemoprotective properties through fermentation.  相似文献   

13.
A major limitation to chickpea grown on residual soil moisture after the harvest of rice in the High Barind Tract (HBT) of Bangladesh is acidic surface soil. A diagnostic trial conducted in the 2001/02 season showed that Mo was limiting growth and yield of chickpea. Multilocational on‐farm trials in the 2002/03 season established that Mo applied to the soil at 500 g ha–1 improved nodulation and plant growth and resulted in grain‐yield responses of 58%–173%. In addition, we tested an application method suitable for resource‐poor farmers where Mo and Rhizobium were added in the seed‐priming process. Multilocational trials in farmers' fields in 2003/04 confirmed that this was as effective as soil application of Mo, giving yield responses of 37%–90%. In each of 2004/05 and 2005/06 seasons, 50 farmers implemented on‐farm evaluations of adding Mo + Rhizobium in the priming solution in operational scale plots (666 m2) across the HBT. Mean responses of up to 50%, compared to priming in water only, were obtained. These results suggest that the severe N deficiency of chickpea commonly observed in the HBT can be effectively alleviated by applying Mo and Rhizobium inoculum through a simple low‐cost technology within the scope of resource‐poor farmers.  相似文献   

14.
Seeds of melon (Citrullus lanatus var. sp.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), and sunflower (Heliantus annus) were gamma-irradiated at 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy and analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) according to EN1787:2000 and EN1785:2003, respectively. Distinguishable triplet signals due to the presence of induced cellulose radicals were found at 2.0010-2.0047 g in the EPR spectra. The gamma-irradiated radiolytic markers of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-TCB) were identified in all irradiated seed samples. Both the free radicals and the alkylcyclobutanones were found to increase with irradiation dose. In general, linear relationships between the amount of radicals and irradiation dosage could be established. Studies at an ambient temperature (20-25 degrees C) in a humidity-controlled environment showed a complete disappearance of the cellulosic peaks for irradiated samples upon 60 days of storage. Such instability behavior was considered to render the usefulness of using EPR alone in the determination of irradiated seed samples. On the other hand, 2-DCB and 2-TCB were also found to decompose rapidly (>85% loss after 120 days of storage), but the radiolytic markers remained quantifiable after 120 days of postirradiation storage. These results suggest that GC-MS is a versatile and complimentary technique for the confirmation of irradiation treatment to seeds.  相似文献   

15.
The aqueous solution of alginate was irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays in the dose range of 10-500 kGy. To assess the effect of irradiation on the degradation of alginate, the irradiation-induced changes in the viscosity, molecular weight, color, monomer composition, and sequence were measured. The molecular weight of raw alginate was reduced from 300000 to 25000 when irradiated at 100 kGy. The degradation rate decreased and the chain breaks per molecule increased with increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of irradiated alginate solution reached a near minimum as low as at 10 kGy. No appreciable color changes were observed in the samples irradiated at up to 100 kGy, but intense browning occurred beyond 200 kGy. The 13C NMR spectra showed that homopolymeric blocks, MM and GG, increased and the M/G ratio decreased with irradiation. Considering both the level of degradation and the color change of alginate, the optimum irradiation dose was found to be 100 kGy.  相似文献   

16.
Changes in protein secondary structure and conformation of ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin (15% protein w/w) were investigated by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and self-deconvolution. The amounts of alpha-helix, beta-sheets, random coil, and beta-turns in native beta-lactoglobulin were 15, 54, 6, and 25%, respectively, and those for ovalbumin (41, 34, 13, and 12%) compared well with published values obtained by X-ray crystallography. The proteins were heated at 90 degrees C for 30 min and high-pressure-treated at 600 MPa for 20 min. Heating increased beta-sheet structures in both proteins at the expense of alpha-helix; for beta-lactoglobulin beta-sheet structures increased from 54 to 70% and for ovalbumin, from 34 to 54%. Random coil increased from 6% in the native protein to 30% in high-pressure-treated beta-lactoglobulin. However, for ovalbumin, the contribution from beta-turns doubled in high-pressure-treated samples, with little change in random coil. Further examination of the deconvoluted amide I band in heated samples revealed several component bands. Bands at 1626 and 1682 cm(-1) for ovalbumin and at 1625 and 1680 cm(-1) for beta-lactoglobulin were observed and are associated with aggregated, intermolecular beta-sheet (beta-aggregation), indicative of heat denaturation. The band seen at 1632-1640 cm(-1) corresponded to intramolecular beta-sheet structures, whereas the band at 1625 cm(-1) is associated with exposed beta-sheets (for example, beta-strands with strong hydrogen bonding that are not part of the core of beta-sheets). In high-pressure-treated samples bands were also observed at 1628 and 1680 cm(-1) for ovalbumin and at 1626 and 1684 cm(-1) for beta-lactoglobulin, suggesting involvement of beta-sheet structures in protein aggregation. Raman bands were observed at 1665-1670 cm(-1) for ovalbumin and at 1663-1675 cm(-1) for beta-lactoglobulin due to random coil structures. The bands at 1650-1660 cm(-1) due to alpha-helices were observed in both heated and high-pressure-treated samples. In addition, in heated samples of both ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, peak intensity increased for beta-sheet in the amide III region, 980-990 cm(-1), and decreased for helix structures (900-960 cm(-1)). In contrast, there was no peak at 1240 cm(-1) (amide III beta-sheet structures) in either high-pressure-treated ovalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin, suggesting that high-pressure denaturation at 600 MPa for 20 min is less extensive than heat denaturation at 90 degrees C for 30 min.  相似文献   

17.
沼液复合型杀虫剂研究   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20  
该文根据畜禽粪便厌氧发酵后产生的沼液含有丰富的营养和抗病虫害功效以及害虫的生理生化特性，选用木醋液、杀虫抗生素、印楝素、鱼藤酮、烟碱、苦参碱、草木灰及蓖麻叶浸出液等能够增强毒杀害虫能力的多种原料与沼液混配制成不同类型的沼液复合型杀虫剂，用5种不同的沼液复合型杀虫剂对蚜虫的杀灭效果进行试验研究，结果表明各种沼液复合型杀虫剂对沼液杀灭蚜虫均有显著效果，提出5种沼液复合型杀虫剂的沼液与复合型添加剂体积比配方分别为BP01为8000～11000倍液、BP02为25000～30000倍液、BP03为8333～12500倍液、BP04为18000～25000倍液、BP05为10000～15000倍液。该研究为提高沼液杀虫效果，开发以沼液为主要原料的生物杀虫剂提供科学参考。  相似文献   

18.
针对作物冠层高大、枝叶茂密的情况,现有的施药机具存在雾滴穿透性能差、药液沉积不均匀、不适合作业条件等问题研制了电动背负式风送喷雾器。利用水敏纸、激光粒径分析仪、高速摄影仪测试了其射程、雾滴粒径、液膜雾化形态。利用液质联用仪测试了使用该喷雾器时农药在作物上的沉积分布,并测试了生物防治效果。结果表明:该喷雾器在有风送的条件下雾滴粒径变大、喷雾角减小、液膜变短,在最大风速下射程提高2倍以上。该喷雾器可以改善农药在作物叶片正背两面分布均匀性,使用TR80-01和TR80-02号喷头时农药利用率较手动喷雾器分别提高了1.38倍和1.14倍,在分别使用TR80-01和TR80-02喷头时用药量比手动喷雾器减少1/2和1/3的情况下药效没有明显的差异且增加了农药的持效期。该喷雾器可以提高农药的沉积分布均匀性和利用率,实现减量施药。  相似文献   

19.
Particulate matter measurements (PM10, PM2.5) using a beta radiation attenuation monitor were performed at the Akrotiri research station (May 2003–March 2006) on the island of Crete (Greece). The mean PM10 concentration during the measuring period (05/02/03–03/09/04) was equal to 35.0?±?17.7 μg/m3 whereas the mean PM2.5 concentration (03/10/04–04/02/06) was equal to 25.4?±?16.5 μg/m3. The aerosol concentration at the Akrotiri station shows a large variability during the year. Mean concentrations of particulate matter undergo a seasonal change characterised by higher concentrations during summer [PM10, 38.7?±?10.8 μg/m3 (2003); PM2.5, 27.9?±?8.7 μg/m3 (2004) and 27.8?±?9.7 μg/m3 (2005)] and lower concentrations during winter [PM10, 28.7?±?22.5 μg/m3 (2003/2004); PM2.5, 21.0?±?13.0 μg/m3 (2004/2005) and 21.4?±?21.9 μg/m3 (2005/2006)]. Comparative measurements of the PM10 concentration between the beta radiation attenuation monitor, a standardized low volume gravimetric reference sampler and a low volume sequential particulate sampler showed that PM10 concentrations measured by the beta radiation attenuation monitor were higher than values given by the gravimetric samplers (mean ratio 1.17?±?0.11 and 1.21?±?0.08, respectively). Statistical and back trajectory analysis showed that elevated PM concentrations (PM10, 93.8?±?49.1 μg/m3; PM2.5: 102.9?±?59.9 μg/m3) are associated to desert dust events. In addition regional transport contributes significantly to the aerosol concentration levels whereas low aerosol concentrations were observed during storm episodes.  相似文献   

20.
Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are radiolytic products formed when fatty acids are irradiated. These cyclobutanones are unique irradiation byproducts and therefore may serve as indicators of irradiation exposure. As only limited information exists about 2-ACB formation in retail meat products, reliable methods that can quantify 2-ACBs and thus estimate irradiation dose in commercial meat products are desired. The cyclobutanone studied in this experiment was 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), which is formed from palmitic acid. The formation of 2-DCB was evaluated in fresh irradiated ground beef patties at two fat levels. Patties containing 15% and 25% fat were irradiated by electron beam at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 kGy. Commercially available 1-lb irradiated ground beef chubs with different fat levels were analyzed in order to estimate dose absorbed by these samples. The 2-DCB was extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and was detected in all the irradiated samples. The concentration of 2-DCB increased linearly with dose with R2 = 0.9646 for 25% fat samples and R2 = 0.9444 for 15% fat samples. Further, there was no significant difference in 2-DCB concentrations between the two fat levels. The estimated doses applied to the commercial samples ranged between 1.38 and 1.55 kGy, values consistent with doses normally used in the industry (1.0-2.0 kGy). Our results show that 2-DCB can be used to monitor fresh irradiated beef and approximate the absorbed dose.  相似文献   

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