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1.
氮素后移施肥对大豆产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在保持磷钾肥不变的前提下,控制氮肥总量,将适量的氮肥用作基肥和种肥,其余氮肥后移分期施用研究氮肥对大豆产量及品质含量的影响。结果表明:大豆氮肥后移分期施用增产效果显著,不同处理间差异达到了极显著水平,以N6处理(纯N量种肥15 kg·hm-2、始花期追氮30 kg·hm-2、始花期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2及鼓粒期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2)产量最高,产量为3 285.71 kg·hm-2。大豆始花期追施氮肥的增产作用大于始花期、鼓粒期喷施氮肥,始花期和鼓粒期分期喷施氮肥增产效果好于始花期一次性喷施。氮肥后移分期施用对大豆的油分与蛋白质含量有较明显的影响。充足的底肥或种肥氮有利于提高大豆油分含量,而氮肥后移施用明显降低了油分含量,随着始花期追施氮肥量的增加,大豆油分含量呈递减趋势;对大豆的蛋白质含量影响作用与油分正好相反,氮肥后移分期施用使蛋白质含量显著提高,幅度为0.373 3%~1.323 3%;氮肥后移施用对大豆籽粒蛋脂总和的影响与蛋白质的变化趋势一致。 相似文献
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菜用大豆籽粒可溶性糖含量是评价其食用品质的重要指标,为探究钾素影响菜用大豆"源"、"库"端可溶性糖转化关系,在正常氮、磷种肥施用基础上,以菜用中科毛豆1号和品系121为材料,进行不施钾(K0)、种肥施钾120kg·hm-2(K1)以及种肥施钾120 kg·hm-2+花期和结荚期两次喷施钾叶面肥(K2)处理,探讨植株不同部位可溶性糖积累规律。结果表明:种肥施钾显著增加菜用大豆生殖生长期(开花后4~8周)叶片、荚皮、籽粒中可溶性糖含量,在此基础上于花期、荚期两次喷施叶面钾肥有利于可溶性糖在叶片、荚皮、籽粒中的进一步积累。开花后7周(最佳采食期)时,籽粒可溶性糖含量达到最大,此时中科毛豆1号K1、K2处理相比K0处理分别高29.2%和37.5%,而品系121分别高9.3%和24.8%。同时发现,钾肥施用显著提高了菜用大豆鲜荚采食期产量,中科毛豆1号K1、K2处理的单株鲜荚产量相比K0处理分别高8.2%和37.1%,而品系121分别高18.9%及31.6%。钾肥施用可能通过增强菜用大豆源端(叶片)可溶性糖的供应以及促进荚皮可溶性糖的运转量而对籽粒中可溶性糖的积累起到促进作用。 相似文献
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氮素对不同来源大豆品种叶片保护酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用12个不同来源的大豆品种为试材,并按来源分成3组,分别为俄亥俄当代品种、辽宁当代品种和辽宁老品种,采用苗期追施尿素(0,100,200 kg·hm-2)处理,研究了氮素对大豆叶片保护酶的影响.结果表明:当尿素施用量为100 kg·hm-2时,开花期俄亥俄当代品种与辽宁老品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,辽宁当代品种与辽宁老品种结荚期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性提高.随着施氮量的增加,辽宁当代品种开花期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性有增加趋势;俄亥俄当代品种结英期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性也逐渐增强;不同大豆品种开花期叶片过氧化物酶与过氧化氢酶活性不断增加;和不施肥相比,100 kg·hm-2尿素施用处理使3组不同来源大豆品种鼓粒期叶片过氧化氢酶的活性得到提高.在生产上,采用100 kg·hm-2尿素追肥处理,可以提高大豆叶片保护酶活性,进而提高大豆的抗逆能力. 相似文献
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密度对覆膜菜用大豆干物质积累及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
合理密植是菜用大豆高产的前提条件.为探明不同密度下覆膜菜用大豆叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率、比叶重、叶绿素含量和干物质积累分配及产量的变化规律.以新鲜豆1号为材料,在覆膜条件下,采用7.5、10.5、13.5、16.5、19.5万株·hm-25种密度的研究结果表明:随着密度的增加,株高和始荚高度显著增加,茎粗显著变细,分枝数显著减少,上部叶片明显变小,比叶重和叶绿素含量明显降低;随着密度的增加最大叶面积指数呈增加趋势,后期光合势呈现先增后降的趋势;以处理13.5万株·hm-2,鼓粒期后叶面积指数适中、光合势大,干物质积累速率快,最终积累量大,向籽粒中分配率较高,最终鲜荚产量最高,为15 185.50 kg·hm-2. 相似文献
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钾素营养充足,可以提高作物抗逆能力和产量。随着氮、磷肥在生产中施用的增加,钾肥已逐渐成为作物产量的最大限制因子。大豆开花后籽粒形成期是大豆氮素积累、产量提高的重要时期,文章对钾肥施用后菜用大豆和普通大豆两者开花后氮素的积累进行了比较研究。在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,设置3种施钾处理:不施钾(K0)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(K1)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)且在花、荚期喷施30 kg·hm~(-2)叶面钾肥(K2),探究菜用大豆、普通大豆开花后28~56 d内籽粒、叶片、茎中氮素积累动态。结果表明:施用钾肥增进两种类型大豆植株各部位中氮素积累。同时期内,两种类型大豆在各施肥处理下各部位的氮素积累量均为K2K1K0,大豆植株各部位中相对氮素累积量均为籽粒叶片茎。钾肥施用对提高菜用大豆籽粒氮素含量的效应高于普通大豆,与K0相比,K2处理下菜用大豆、普通大豆籽粒平均氮素含量分别增加了0.19%和0.1%。施用钾肥提高了菜用大豆叶片氮素转移效率,相比K0处理,K1、K2处理分别增加了6.1%、8.2%,而对普通大豆影响不大。钾肥施用显著增加普通大豆茎中氮素积累,但菜用大豆品种间差异较大。 相似文献
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不同氮肥水平下大豆叶片光谱反射率与叶绿素含量的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用Unispec光谱分析仪和SPAD-502叶绿素仪测定不同生育时期不同氮肥水平大豆叶片光谱反射率及叶绿素含量,并分析了光谱植被指数与叶绿素含量的相关性。结果表明:不施氮肥处理光谱反射率高于施氮处理,随着施氮量的增加,大豆叶片光谱反射率下降,并初步断定结荚期是大豆氮素光谱营养诊断的敏感时期;随着氮肥水平的提高叶绿素含量增加;整个生育时期,除鼓粒期不施氮处理外其它处理的植被指数mND705与叶绿素含量均呈极显著正相关;在花期和结荚期,各处理的mSR705与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,PSSRc与叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
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选用沈黑3号(直立型)和辽黑1号(半蔓生型)2个黑豆品种为材料,设置0 kg·hm-2 (N0)、45 kg·hm-2 (N1)、90 kg·hm-2(N2)和90 kg·hm-2+叶面喷施22.5kg·hm-2(N3)4个追施氮肥处理,探讨了花期追施施氮对不同株型黑豆品种叶片生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:不同施氮处理并没有显著改变黑豆叶片不同生育期叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度等的变化规律,辽黑1号的各光合生理指标明显高于沈黑3号.不同施氮处理间的叶绿素含量和净光合速率呈现明显的差异,而叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度差异不显著.在开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期,随着施氮量的增加,2个黑豆品种的SOD、POD和CAT活性均逐渐增强;辽黑1号叶片的SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于沈黑3号.不同施氮处理相比较,N2对生理指标影响大于N3,而N3对生化指标影响大于N2;品种间比较,辽黑1号优于沈黑3号. 相似文献
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高温胁迫对不同耐性大豆品种生理生化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探索高温胁迫对不同耐性大豆品种的影响,在不同生育时期对不同耐热性大豆品种进行高温胁迫处理,研究其对大豆品种生理特性的影响以及各生理指标与单株粒重的相关性。结果表明,高温胁迫下大豆叶片中可溶性糖含量、叶绿素a/b值呈下降趋势,MDA含量和SOD酶活性呈上升趋势。苗期、开花期和鼓粒期40±2℃高温胁迫使长农17可溶性糖含量分别降低43. 34%、28. 09%和34. 25%,使锦州4-1分别降低59. 03%、58. 66%和45. 68%。苗期40±2℃高温胁迫下叶绿素a/b值下降最为明显,锦州4-1叶绿素a/b值下降幅度(40. 55%)高于长农17叶绿素a/b值下降幅度(34. 40%)。开花期MDA含量变化幅度最大,40±2℃高温胁迫下,锦州4-1的MDA含量增加幅度(135. 94%)高于长农17的MDA含量增加幅度(114. 86%)。在开花期和鼓粒期高温胁迫下叶片脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势,开花期两品种差异最为明显,40±2℃高温胁迫使长农17脯氨酸含量增加了113. 84%,而使锦州4-1脯氨酸含量增加19. 61%。在苗期和开花期随胁迫温度的增加ASA含量、POD酶活性呈下降趋势,而在鼓粒期高温胁迫下则呈增加趋势。单株粒重与大豆叶片可溶性糖含量和叶绿素a/b值呈极显著正相关,与MDA含量呈显著负相关。综上可得,高温胁迫下耐热品种长农17的可溶性糖含量、叶绿素a/b值及SOD酶活性均高于热敏感品种锦州4-1,MDA含量低于热敏感品种锦州4-1。35±2℃、40±2℃高温胁迫下,耐热性品种长农17的脯氨酸含量、ASA含量、SOD以及POD酶活性水平高于热敏感品种锦州4-1,耐热品种长农17在高温胁迫下仍能保持较高的单株粒重,且品种间差异显著。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
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P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献