共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
大豆施用粉煤灰磁化肥增产肥效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
粉煤灰磁化肥在大豆上试验表蝗：粉煤灰磁化肥在大豆上一般用量为４９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２左右。粉煤灰磁化肥比对照增产２５．９％,增产２３．７ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,比当地农民习惯施肥措施增产１５．２％,增产１５．２ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２;比等量Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ混合肥增产４．５％,增产４．９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,比未磁化粉煤灰复混肥增产２．４％,增产２．８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。最高产量施用粉煤灰磁化肥为６６．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。大豆产量为１３．０３ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２;最佳产量施用粉煤灰磁化肥为４９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,大豆产量为１２７．１８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。 相似文献
2.
试验表明：沿海垦区稻茬啤麦以１８万／６６７ｍ＾２基因苗及施氮量１５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２时产量最高；并以基本苗１８万／６６７ｍ＾２、施氮１５－１８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２为最佳组成，其穗粒结构合理，倒伏风险小，有效穗４６万－５０万／６６７ｍ＾２，每穗实粒２２粒，千粒重４１ｇ产量可达４００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。 相似文献
3.
红麻留种高产优质栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对影响红麻留种高产优质栽培的播期,密度,施肥技术和留种红麻高产优质的生育规律,经济性状指标的研究结果表明：广东省红麻留种的适宜播期,直播在６月下旬至７月下旬;移栽在８月上旬。直播定苗１．０－１．５万株／６６７ｍ＾２,移栽定苗１．２万株／６６７ｍ＾２。施肥量氮素２０－２５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,磷素１０－１２ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,钾素１８－２０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,施肥原则;前控,攻中,后补。对留种种子产量 相似文献
4.
１９９５年为摸索白皮,大粒小麦新品种绵阳２５号的高产潜力,按１９９４年该品种田间回归设计试验优选的６６７ｍ＾２产５００ｋｇ综合栽培模式并结合供试土壤养分化验结果和小麦需肥特点,在一般栽培条件下,着重增加肥料的平衡投入,并改进施肥方法,在６９１．７＾２面积上,印证了模式的可行性,每６６７ｍ＾２产量达６０３．５ｋｇ,籽粒粗蛋白含量１３．４９％,其肥料投入产出比为１：９．６８,６６７ｍ＾２获纯利９０３。 相似文献
5.
黄土高原向白葵产量的土壤养分限制因子与施肥指标研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９４－１９９６年在黄土高原陕西渭北旱塬进行了向白葵的养分限制因子与高产高效施肥试验,结果表明,Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ是向白葵产量的限制因子。Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｍｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｍｎ,Ｂ为非限制因子,限制因子对向白葵的产量效应Ｋ〉Ｎ〉Ｐ,经济效应最佳施肥指标Ｎ１６３．２１－１６９．８９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｐ２Ｏ５１２８．６０－１３１．９１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｋ２Ｏ１８１．３７－１９０．０９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。 相似文献
6.
7.
氮肥施用量与分配对裸大麦产量和品质的影响及其机理研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在土壤肥力中等，配施Ｐ２Ｏ５为６ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２、Ｋ２Ｏ为３．７５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２的条件下，双季稻田免耕栽培饲用裸大麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质产量，以每６６７ｍ＾２施纯Ｎ７．５ｋｇ，且基肥、分蘖肥各半的处理最高，高产原因是该处理养分吸收和干物质积累多，个体与群体关系协调，因而成穗率高，有效穗多，结实率高，穗大、粒多、千粒重高。裸大麦秸杆富含钾素，秸杆还田有利于培肥土壤。 相似文献
8.
9.
“中国超级稻试验示范项目”于２０００年与２００１年在南方稻区的浙江省新昌县、诸暨市、乐清市三地和北方稻区辽宁省沈阳市和新民市等地开展示范 ,生产示范的主要品种为超级杂交稻协优９３０８和常规粳稻沈农６０６,南方稻区百亩示范方平均产量为７８９．５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,个别田块产量超过８００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,北方稻区百亩示范片平均产量为８０９．５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。２００１年在浙江省乐清市石帆镇和虹桥镇的百亩示范方的连作晚稻生产中 ,产量分别达到７２６．７ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２和７０２ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,显著高于对照。超级… 相似文献
10.
饱和—D设计模拟旱地冬小麦产量和水,氮,磷量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用饱和－Ｄ设计方法模拟旱地冬小麦产量与降水,施氮,磷量的关系,结果表明,水是影响旱地冬小麦产量的主要限制因素,其次是氮,磷,在设计范围内,冬小麦最高产量为４６５１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,此时降水量,施纯氮量及施纯磷量分别为６００ｍｍ,１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２和１１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。另外,还模拟了在五种不同降雨量下取得最高产量时的最佳施肥量。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
14.
Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
15.
Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
18.
Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
19.
Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
20.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献