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有机磷类杀虫剂代谢机制研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
文章对有机磷类杀虫剂代谢机制的研究进展以及昆虫对此类杀虫剂的相关代谢抗性机制进行了总结,阐述了有机磷杀虫剂的生物代谢途径及相关代谢酶系。在生物体中,有机磷类杀虫剂主要发生氧化代谢、水解代谢和轭合代谢等反应。其氧化代谢主要在细胞色素P450酶系(P450s)的催化作用下进行,其中,最重要的氧化反应是硫代有机磷酸酯类杀虫剂氧化脱硫形成生物毒性更高的有机磷氧化物的反应,以及氧化脱芳(烷)基化的反应;有机磷杀虫剂及其氧化产物在生物体内还可发生水解代谢反应,在对氧磷酶PON1等磷酸三酯酶的催化作用下,水解生成低毒性或者无毒的代谢物;有机磷杀虫剂的轭合代谢主要是在谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)的催化下进行的。昆虫对有机磷类杀虫剂的代谢抗性与昆虫中参与此类杀虫剂代谢的解毒酶的改变密切相关,其中,与有机磷类杀虫剂代谢相关的P450s基因的过量表达和酶活性增强、丝氨酸水解酯酶的过量表达及基因突变、GSTs基因的过量表达等,均可导致铜绿蝇Lucilia cuprina、桃蚜Myzus persicae等昆虫对二嗪磷和马拉硫磷等有机磷类杀虫剂的代谢抗性。明确有机磷类杀虫剂的结构特点、代谢途径以及昆虫对此类杀虫剂的代谢抗性机制,对掌握有机磷类杀虫剂的毒理学机制,安全有效地使用此类杀虫剂,有效治理害虫对有机磷类杀虫剂的抗药性,以及开发生物选择性好的新型有机磷类杀虫剂,均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是棉花生产中最严重的害虫之一。长期以来防治棉蚜主要依赖于化学杀虫剂,其中新烟碱类杀虫剂扮演着十分重要的角色,但由于其长期、大量的使用,棉蚜已对该类杀虫剂产生了较高水平的抗性,严重影响了对棉蚜的防治效果。抗性机制研究表明,棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗性的机制主要涉及解毒代谢能力增强和靶标敏感性下降。细胞色素P450、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、UDP-葡糖基转移酶等解毒酶基因过量表达介导的解毒代谢增强和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体β1亚基突变引起的靶标敏感性下降是棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗性的关键。针对我国棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂抗性问题突出的现状,为更好地利用该类药剂防治棉蚜,亟需根据棉蚜抗性机制制定合理的抗性治理策略。本文将从棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性现状、抗性机制以及抗性治理策略等方面进行综述,以期为抗性棉蚜的科学治理提供参考。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种迁飞性害虫,源自美洲,已入侵非洲和亚洲部分国家并暴发成灾,2019年初入侵我国,严重威胁着我国玉米、小麦等粮食作物。目前草地贪夜蛾的防治主要依赖于化学农药和种植转基因作物。因长期使用农药,草地贪夜蛾已经对氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类等多种杀虫剂产生了不同程度的抗性。草地贪夜蛾对不同种类杀虫剂表现的抗性机制不同,主要有代谢抗性和靶标抗性2种。本文主要从代谢抗性和靶标抗性2个方面分别综述了草地贪夜蛾对不同种类杀虫剂的抗性机制,分析草地贪夜蛾对不同杀虫剂的抗性作用方式,并对草地贪夜蛾抗药性管理和监测进行展望。 相似文献
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四种杀虫剂对两种书虱谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和超氧化物歧化酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GSTs）能够参与多种类型杀虫剂的解毒代谢，如有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类和有机氯类。其介导的抗性与一种或多种GSTs的过量表达有关。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的功能是清除超氧阴离子自由基而形成H2O2，H2O2能与O2^-形成毒性更强的HO^-。书虱是一类个体微小、行动活泼的重要储藏物害虫，书虱对化学药剂的抗性发展很快，目前已发展为储粮中的害虫优势种群，但有关书虱体内酶系的研究较少。 相似文献
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苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella属鳞翅目卷蛾科,是全球仁果类水果种植地区最重要的果树害虫之一,也是我国重大农业入侵物种,对全球水果生产造成严重威胁。当前主要采用高效氯氟氯氰菊酯等杀虫剂对苹果蠹蛾进行防治,杀虫剂的频繁使用导致其对高效氯氟氰菊酯产生了抗性。针对苹果蠹蛾对高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性问题,该文综述了全球苹果蠹蛾种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性现状,指出由编码细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,P450）、羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase,CarE）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）的解毒酶基因过表达导致代谢能力增强是其最普遍的抗性机制,提出合理的抗性治理策略,并对苹果蠹蛾的绿色防控进行展望。 相似文献
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防治抗性棉铃虫的新型杀虫剂──北农９３１混剂谢振虎，曹秀玲（全国植保总站，１０００２６）近年来由于长期使用有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药，棉蚜和棉铃虫相继出现了抗药性。尤其自１９９０年以来，华北棉区对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂中的一些品种抗性倍数逐步提高，加之连续... 相似文献
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害虫抗药性是导致杀虫剂防效降低的一个重要因素,而抗性机制的阐明是害虫抗药性综合治理的基础。研究表明,代谢能力增强是害虫抗药性产生的重要原因,害虫对杀虫剂等外源物质的代谢需要细胞色素P450酶系(P450s)、羧酸酯酶(CarEs)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGTs)和ATP结合盒转运蛋白(简称ABC转运蛋白)等解毒酶和转运蛋白的参与。结合近年来对害虫抗药性分子机制的研究进展,本文综述了上述解毒酶和转运蛋白参与杀虫剂抗药性的分子机制,并对害虫抗药性治理的新方法进行了展望。 相似文献
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茚虫威属于噁二嗪类杀虫剂,与大多数杀虫剂不同的是其进入害虫体内需要经活化代谢转变成N-去甲氧羰基代谢物（decarbomethoxylated metabolite,DCJW）后不可逆地阻断钠通道,进而发挥杀虫活性。茚虫威由于其作用机制不同于常见的使钠离子通道延迟关闭的菊酯类药剂而被广泛用于鳞翅目和一些同翅目、鞘翅目害虫的防治。抗药性是任何杀虫药剂使用后面临的问题,茚虫威也不例外,许多害虫对其产生了不同程度的抗性。昆虫对茚虫威产生抗性的机制包括酯酶活性、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和P450活性的增加以及分子靶标F1845Y、V1848I、L1014P的突变,这些对茚虫威抗性机制的研究基本都是基于抗性种群和敏感种群开展的,需要进一步验证其对抗性研究的贡献度。针对我国田间害虫种群对茚虫威的抗性现状,及时实施对茚虫威有效的抗性治理是迫切的。对于茚虫威的抗性治理除了传统的杀虫药剂轮用、混用外,需要利用其作用机制特点开展抗性治理策略研究。一是充分利用其活化代谢的特点,开展组合药剂的研究应用;二是菊酯类药剂和茚虫威的作用机制均与钠离子通道有关,但是前者是使钠离子通道关闭延迟,而后者是阻断钠离子通道,开展相关基础研究,使菊酯类药剂与茚虫威合理地用于抗性治理中。本文综述了茚虫威的抗性现状、抗性机制与交互抗性、茚虫威的抗性风险评价,针对茚虫威的抗性特点提出了抗性治理策略。 相似文献
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A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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Bingham G Gunning RV Delogu G Borzatta V Field LM Moores GD 《Pest management science》2008,64(1):81-85
BACKGROUND: Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) effectively synergises synthetic pyrethroids, rendering even very resistant insect pests susceptible, provided a temporal element is included between exposure to synergist and insecticide. This concept is now applied to carbamates and neonicotinoids. RESULTS: A microencapsulated formulation of PBO and pirimicarb reduced the resistance factor in a clone of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from >19 000- to 100-fold and in Aphis gossypii (Glover) from >48 000- to 30-fold. Similar results were obtained for a strain of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius resistant to imidacloprid and acetamiprid, although a second resistant strain did not exhibit such a dramatic reduction, presumably owing to the presence of target-site insensitivity and the absence of metabolic resistance. Synergism was also observed in laboratory susceptible insects, suggesting that, even when detoxification is not enhanced, there is degradation of insecticides by the background enzymes. Use of an analogue of PBO, which inhibits esterases but has reduced potency against microsomal oxidases, suggests that acetamiprid resistance in whiteflies is largely oxidase based. CONCLUSION: Temporal synergism can effectively enhance the activity of carbamates and neonicotinoids against resistant insect pests. Although the extent of this enhancement is dependent upon the resistance mechanisms present, inhibition of background enzymes can confer increased sensitivity against target-site resistance as well as increased metabolism. . 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂的抗性研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) 是一种杂食性害虫,原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区,于2019年1月在中国云南省首次被发现后,已迅速向广西、贵州、广东及湖南等地蔓延。草地贪夜蛾寄主广泛,常用化学防治药剂为有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类,田间抗性监测数据显示,其对上述 3 类常用药剂已达中至高等抗性水平。此外,已有研究证明氯菊酯抗性草地贪夜蛾对二嗪类杀虫剂茚虫威无交互抗性;同时已有关于草地贪夜蛾对氟苯虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺田间和室内抗性的报道,表明其对上述 2 种药剂存在极高的交互抗性风险。草地贪夜蛾的抗药性机理主要涉及表皮穿透性降低、解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降等几方面,其中代谢解毒作用增强和靶标敏感性下降是导致草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂产生抗性的主要机制。文章综述了草地贪夜蛾对传统杀虫剂和新型作用机制杀虫剂的抗性现状及抗性机理等方面的研究进展,以期对当前中国的草地贪夜蛾田间防治及抗性研究和防控提供参考。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Resistance to pyrethroids and other types of insecticides in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) has been documented in many countries. The isolation of specific resistance mechanisms in isogenic strains is an optimal approach to investigate cross-resistance pattern, and to validate resistance breaking pyrethroids. In this study an isogenic metabolic resistance CMR strain was successfully isolated from a field pyrethroid-resistant population of H. armigera. With this strain, cross-resistance among 19 pyrethroid insecticides with varying chemical structures was analysed. RESULTS: Resistance to pyrethroids in the CMR strain was likely to be due to enhanced oxidative metabolism. The most significant cross-resistance in the CMR strain was between pyrethroids such as fenvalerate, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin characterised by having both phenoxybenzyl and aromatic acid moieties. Substitution of the phenoxybenzyl group with a polyfluorobenzyl group, as in tefluthrin, benfluthrin and transfluthrin, overcame most of this resistance. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study support the assertion that it is possible to find pyrethroids that are active against resistant populations. Such pyrethroids could be considered as possible partners or resistance breaking pyrethroids in a pyrethroid resistance management programme for H. armigera in China and in other Asian countries where the oxidative metabolism resistance is a dominant mechanism. 相似文献
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Insects are exposed to a variety of stress factors in their environment, and, in many cases for insect pests to agriculture, those factors include toxic chemical insecticides. Coping with the toxicity of insecticides can be costly and requires energy and resource allocation for adaptation and survival. Several behavioural, physiological and genetic mechanisms are used by insects to handle toxic insecticides, sometimes leading to resistance by constitutive overexpression of detoxification enzymes or inducing mutations in the target sites. Such actions are costly and may affect reproduction, impair dispersal ability and have several other effects on the insect's fitness. Fitness costs resulting from resistance to insecticides has been reported in many insects from different orders, and several examples are given in this mini‐review. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Shoji Sonoda 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):572-575
BACKGROUND: The pyrethroid resistance of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) is conferred by increased gene expression of cytochrome P450 to detoxify the insecticide and/or through gene mutation of the sodium channel, which makes the individual insensitive to pyrethroids. However, no information is available about the correlation between the increased metabolic detoxification and the target insensitivity in pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS: Frequencies of pyrethroid‐resistant alleles (L1014F, T929I and M918I) and two resistance‐related mutations (A1101T and P1879S) at the sodium channel and expression levels of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP6BG1 were examined individually using laboratory and field strains of P. xylostella. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis using the laboratory strains revealed that levels of larval expression of the resistant strain, homozygous for the pyrethroid‐resistant alleles other than the M918I, are significantly higher than those of the susceptible strain. In the field strains, the expression levels in insects having the same resistant alleles as those of the resistant strains varied greatly among individuals. The expression levels were not significantly higher than those in the heterozygotes. CONCLUSION: Significant correlation between the target insensitivity and the increased metabolic detoxification in pyrethroid resistance of P. xylostella was observed in the laboratory but not in the field. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Dalia Gordon 《Pest management science》1999,55(10):1027-1029
Sodium channels have been a major target for the development of insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids. However, insecticides currently available induce resistance and present limited selectivity to insect pests. Molecular and biochemical studies, as well as binding experiments using radiolabelled neurotoxins, have shown that sodium channels expressed in various insect orders must be structurally and pharmacologically different. At least three groups of peptide neurotoxins derived from scorpion venom are highly active on insects and very weakly or practically inactive on mammals. It is proposed that various insecticides are examined for possible cooperative interactions with the peptide toxins highly active on insects, and pairs of ligands are identified that will increase the selectivity not only between mammals and insects but also between different pest and non-pest insects. This is feasible on the basis of the differential allosteric modulations observed between LqhαIT, an α-toxin highly active on insects, and brevetoxin on locust versus cockroach and rat brain sodium channels. Moreover, combination of LqhαIT with the pyrethroid deltamethrin increased the binding of [125I] LqhαIT by more than 1.8-fold, and the combined presence of brevetoxin further increased the binding. Such allosteric modulation may provide a new approach to increase the selective activity of pesticides on target organisms by simultaneous application of allosterically interacting drugs, designed on the basis of the selective peptide toxins. 相似文献