共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2010,51(3):353-357
The brewing of beer is a very traditional process, based upon a complex endogenous enzymology occurring during the malting of grain, mashing of grist and fermentation. The relevant cereal-derived enzymes that are involved are reviewed. It is likely that the production of alcoholic beverages in breweries in the projected future will assume different paradigms, procedures which are already realistic for the production of flavoured alcoholic beverages (malternatives) and “near-beer” drinks (happoshu and other beer-like beverages) in Japan. A range of exogenous enzymes—such as glucanases, acetolactate decarboxylase and prolyl endopeptidase—are available for enhancement of the existing brewing process. 相似文献
2.
Barley is the cerealpar excellencein the production of malt for beer and other alcoholic beverages. In this work, biochemical (hordein A-PAGE) and molecular (RAPDs, AFLPs) markers have been compared for their efficiency in malt fingerprinting. To overcome the difficulties related to the quality of the DNA extracted from grain malt, malted coleoptiles are proposed as useful tissue for the extraction. On the basis of our data, we exclude a fingerprinting system based on A-PAGE hordein analysis because of the degradation of these proteins during the malting process. Comparing molecular markers for their efficiency and repeatability, we indicate AFLP analysis based on template DNA extracted from the tissue of grain malt coleoptile as an excellent tool for malt fingerprinting. 相似文献
3.
自明代冲泡饮用法推行以来,一直提倡以开水现泡现饮为佳,但相比于液态茶或其他不含酒精的饮料,此法不能满足常温下随时饮用的便利化需求。为此,以古丈毛尖绿茶为泡饮对象,设计不同的浸泡时间、茶水比,在低温或常温下浸泡,通过感官结合生化鉴定筛选出最佳的浸泡组合,为优质、方便的冷泡饮茶法提供科学依据和技术参数。实验结果表明,古丈毛尖绿茶冷水泡饮的最优冲泡方法为：浸泡2 h—茶水比1：40—水温25℃。此外,与习惯的热泡法对比,更长时间的冷水浸泡使古丈毛尖绿茶茶汤品质成分逐渐浸出而在量上与前者差距不大,且其茶汤的鲜度与醇度也较好。因此,绿茶冷泡饮用是值得进一步研发推广的新方法。 相似文献
4.
5.
本文针对青少年大量饮用碳酸饮料的现状，阐述了科学饮茶有利于青少年身体健康、修身养性、培养高尚的道德情操，提出了青少年如何科学合理饮茶、泡好茶，并希望茶产业推出更多适合青少年口味、绿色而又时尚的茶饮品。 相似文献
6.
典型造型名优绿茶茶多酚浸出规律的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文研究了冲泡时间与水温对不同典型造型名优绿茶茶汤中茶多酚浸出浓度与浸出速率的影响,结果表明,随着冲泡时间的延长与冲泡水温的升高,茶多酚的浸出浓度不断上升,浸出速率逐步降低;造型、冲泡水温、冲泡时间对茶汤中茶多酚的浸出浓度与浸出比率的影响达到了极显著水平.各造型名优绿茶茶多酚的浸出浓度与速率快慢顺序为:卷曲形(以碧螺春为代表)>针形(以雨花茶为代表)>直条形(以信阳毛尖为代表)>单芽形(以竹叶青为代表)>扁形(以西湖龙井为代表)>朵形(以黄山毛峰为代表). 相似文献
7.
为探讨添加糯小麦对普通小麦和粳高粱酿酒特性的影响,将糯小麦按一定比例分别添加到普通小麦和粳高粱中,以未添加糯小麦的普通小麦和粳高粱为对照,在酒厂生产条件下分别进行小曲酒酿造,对所得白酒的酒精度、出酒率、理化指标、香味成分、口感及香味进行分析。结果表明,普通小麦添加糯小麦后所得白酒的总酸、总酯、杂醇油含量降低,但不同添加比例的酒精度变化不大;添加50%糯小麦的白酒口感和香味最好。粳高粱添加糯小麦后所得白酒的酸类、杂醇类、醛类物质含量降低,酯类物质含量提高;添加25%及50%糯小麦的出酒率降低,添加75%糯小麦的出酒率增加;添加50%及75%糯小麦的白酒口感和香味得到改善,添加50%糯小麦的白酒口感、香味最佳。因此,糯小麦的添加不同程度地提升了粳高粱和普通小麦的酿酒品质。 相似文献
8.
Barley sorting is an important step for selecting grain of required quality for malting prior to brewing. However, brewing with unmalted barley with added enzymes has been thoroughly proven, raising the question of whether traditional sorting for high quality malting-barley is still necessary. To gain more insight on this, we examine realtime viscosity of sorted-out and unsorted barley during downscaled mashing with added enzymes in comparison with malting quality sorted barley. A rapid visco analyser was used to simulate brewery mashing process at lab scale together with two commercial enzymes (Ondea®-Pro and Cellic®-CTec2). During downscaled mashing, viscosity profile of sorted-out barley was markedly different from others, irrespective of enzyme type, whereas a small difference was observed between the sorted and un-sorted barley. Furthermore, whilst sorted-out barley generated lowest sugar-concentration, unsorted and sorted barley resulted in higher sugar-content, regardless of the enzyme used. In terms of filterability, the Ondea®-Pro treatment resulted in significantly lower-turbidity and smaller particle-size compared to Cellic®-CTec2; however, this effect was observed in sorted and unsorted barley but not in sorted-out barley. Consequently, we find that unsorted barley demonstrates great potential for brewing with added enzymes and its use may help to improve sustainability of the brewing process. 相似文献
9.
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the insoluble residue generated from the production of wort in the brewing industry. This plant-derived by-product is known to contain significant amounts of valuable components, which remain unexploited in the brewing processes. Therefore, it is essential to develop a more detailed characterization of BSG in order to highlight its potential in developing new value-added products and simultaneously solve the environmental problems related to its discharge. The content of BSG in several biologically active compounds (fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity) as well as its volatile fingerprint were assessed and compared with the composition of barley, malt and wheat flour samples. The obtained results emphasized the importance and the opportunities of the re-use of this agro-industrial by-product. 相似文献
10.
将白叶单枞、金萱、鸠坑3个茶树品种鲜叶加工成不同发酵程度的茶原料,通过对其理化成分分析及感官审评,研究不同茶饮料的品质稳定性;深入探讨茶叶原料发酵程度及其生化基质对茶饮料冷后浑稳定性的影响。结果表明:不同品种茶叶原料制成的茶饮料因为生化基质的不同,茶汤冷藏后效果明显不同。透明度:金萱优于鸠坑;白叶单枞最差;絮状沉淀与茶汤的分界线不清晰,随着发酵程度的加重,沉淀物的量明显增加,其沉淀物颜色也逐渐变深。金萱原料制成的茶饮料中能看到明显的灰褐色沉淀和白色沉淀的分层。同一品种,随着发酵程度的增加,冷后浑固形物总量先增加后减少;同个品种的样品中,红茶工艺制作的全发酵茶叶饮料中沉淀物形成总量相对较少,说明红茶较适合于制作茶饮料。沉淀物中茶多酚含量平均为36.47%,说明茶多酚是沉淀物形成的主要控制因子之一;沉淀物中多酚含量不受茶叶中多酚含量的影响;随着茶叶原料发酵程度的加深,沉淀物中的多酚含量先增加后减少。而茶叶中EGC随着发酵程度的加深,其含量先增加后减少;所以EGC有可能是茶汤固形物形成量的主要决定因子。 相似文献
11.
Zain MM Kofli NT Rozaimah S Abdullah S 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(9):526-532
Bioethanol production using yeast has become a popular topic due to worrying depleting worldwide fuel reserve. The aim of the study was to investigate the capability of Malaysia yeast strains isolated from starter culture used in traditional fermented food and alcoholic beverages in producing Bioethanol using alginate beads entrapment method. The starter yeast consists of groups of microbes, thus the yeasts were grown in Sabouraud agar to obtain single colony called ST1 (tuak) and ST3 (tapai). The growth in Yeast Potatoes Dextrose (YPD) resulted in specific growth of ST1 at micro = 0.396 h-1 and ST3 at micro = 0.38 h-1, with maximum ethanol production of 7.36 g L-1 observed using ST1 strain. The two strains were then immobilized using calcium alginate entrapment method producing average alginate beads size of 0.51 cm and were grown in different substrates; YPD medium and Local Brown Sugar (LBS) for 8 h in flask. The maximum ethanol concentration measured after 7 h were at 6.63 and 6.59 g L-1 in YPD media and 1.54 and 1.39 g L-1in LBS media for ST1 and ST3, respectively. The use of LBS as carbon source showed higher yield of product (Yp/s), 0.59 g g-1 compared to YPD, 0.25 g g-1 in ST1 and (Yp/s), 0.54 g g-1 compared to YPD, 0.24 g g-1 in ST3 . This study indicated the possibility of using local strains (STI and ST3) to produce bioethanol via immobilization technique with local materials as substrate. 相似文献
12.
冲泡过程中西湖龙井茶黄酮苷类浸出特性及滋味贡献分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究提出了一种基于HPLC的茶叶黄酮苷类物质检测方法,采用此方法分析了西湖龙井茶中黄酮苷类物质在不同冲泡条件下的浸出特性,并通过Dot值（浓度与阈值的比值）分析黄酮苷类物质对茶汤滋味的影响。结果表明：（1）该检测方法可以较好地分离和测定茶叶中11种黄酮苷类物质;（2）传统冲泡条件下,西湖龙井茶中以杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷（Myr-gala）和槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷（Que-rut）为主,随着冲泡温度的提高和时间的延长,11种黄酮苷类物质除了山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷（Kae-rut）外,都呈不同程度的增加,其中槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷（Que-rut）和槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷（Que-gala）的浸出速率较快,而杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖苷（Myr-rha）和牡荆素-2"-O-鼠李糖苷（Vit-rha）的浸出速率较慢;（3）通过Dot值分析,槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷（Que-rut）、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷（Que-gala）和杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷（Myr-gala）的Dot值均高于10,可能是茶汤滋味的重要贡献物质。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,43(3):271-280
Endoproteases play an important role in barley germination by controlling the hydrolysis of the grain's storage proteins into peptides and amino acids that are needed by the young plant. During malting, the commercial version of this process, many high Mr barley biopolymers are converted into malt nutrients that can be utilized by yeasts during brewing. However, barley and malt both contain endogenous proteins that inhibit the enzymatic activities of these proteases. High levels of these inhibitors can cause brewing problems by preventing the proteases from producing optimal levels of soluble proteins and amino acids. Both high and low Mr inhibitors of cysteine proteases occur in barley and malt. Two of the high Mr inhibitors, lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1) and LTP2, have been purified and studied. Recently, members of the trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor protein family (CM proteins) have been shown to inhibit the activity of SEP-1, a purified serine class barley protease. No inhibitors of aspartic proteases or metalloproteases have yet been purified, but it has been reported that endogenous metalloprotease inhibitors do exist. The inhibitors of the cysteine proteases and metalloproteases are probably the ones most important for brewing, because members of these two protease classes apparently catalyse most of the protein hydrolysis that occurs during malt mashing and, presumably, also during malting. More biochemical studies are needed to clarify how these proteins interact with the proteases to control protein hydrolysis during germination. 相似文献
14.
The endogenous endoprotease inhibitors of barley and malt and their roles in malting and brewing 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Endoproteases play an important role in barley germination by controlling the hydrolysis of the grain's storage proteins into peptides and amino acids that are needed by the young plant. During malting, the commercial version of this process, many high Mr barley biopolymers are converted into malt nutrients that can be utilized by yeasts during brewing. However, barley and malt both contain endogenous proteins that inhibit the enzymatic activities of these proteases. High levels of these inhibitors can cause brewing problems by preventing the proteases from producing optimal levels of soluble proteins and amino acids. Both high and low Mr inhibitors of cysteine proteases occur in barley and malt. Two of the high Mr inhibitors, lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1) and LTP2, have been purified and studied. Recently, members of the trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor protein family (CM proteins) have been shown to inhibit the activity of SEP-1, a purified serine class barley protease. No inhibitors of aspartic proteases or metalloproteases have yet been purified, but it has been reported that endogenous metalloprotease inhibitors do exist. The inhibitors of the cysteine proteases and metalloproteases are probably the ones most important for brewing, because members of these two protease classes apparently catalyse most of the protein hydrolysis that occurs during malt mashing and, presumably, also during malting. More biochemical studies are needed to clarify how these proteins interact with the proteases to control protein hydrolysis during germination. 相似文献
15.
Wheat and wheat malt are known to be high quality raw materials in the beer brewing process. The size and structure of wheat arabinoxylans (AXs) and their enzymatic degradation products have a profound impact on beer properties, such as viscosity, turbidity, filtration rate and foaming properties. AXs are of great benefit to human health due to their anti-tumor properties and potential roles in the immune system. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase is a key enzyme for degradation of AXs and production of small molecule AXs, thereby altering the properties of AXs, such as solubility, viscosity, and turbidity. In this study, extraction and purification of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from wheat malt was described. The results showed that, after 40%–60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography, Phenyl-Sepharose 6 Fast Flow Hydrophobic chromatography, and twice sephacryl S-100 HR gel filtration, a final endo-1,4-β-xylanase was obtained. The purified wheat malt endo-1,4-β-xylanase showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 27.8 kDa, which had a purification fold of 12.08 and a specific activity of 4.47 μ/mg. 相似文献
16.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):78-82
AbstractThis study was designed to determine whether or not the difference in the physical properties between white-core and non-white-core kernels of the rice varieties for sake brewing is associated with their starch properties. We used two rice cultivars for sake brewing, Senbon-nishiki and Yamada-nishiki, from three different plots in Hiroshima prefecture. Hardness values of kernels were significantly higher in non-white-core than in white-core kernels in both varieties. Vickers hardness (VH) values were lowest at the center of the kernel in both types of kernels. VH values of white-core tissues of white-core kernels were significantly lower than those of corresponding tissues of non-white-core kernels. No significant differences were observed between the two types of kernels in VH values of the surrounding translucent tissues and in the starch properties (amylose content, pasting properties analyzed using a rapid viscoanalyzer and gelatinization properties analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry). These results suggest that the difference in physical properties between the two types of kernels of the rice varieties for sake brewing are associated with the difference in structure of endosperm cells and not in starch properties. 相似文献
17.
Charilaos Xiros Evangelos Topakas Petros Katapodis Paul Christakopoulos 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(2):213-224
Brewer's spent grain (BG), the most abundant brewing by-product, is used in the present study as a low-cost feedstock for the production of ethanol by the mesophilic fungus Fusarium oxysporum using a consolidated bioconversion process. The production of required cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes was optimized under solid-state cultivation (SSC) concerning carbon source and initial moisture. The optimal medium contains BG and corn cobs (CC) in a ratio 7:3 while the optimal initial moisture is 66% (w/w). SSC in a laboratory horizontal bioreactor using the optimized medium allowed the large-scale production of a multienzymic system including endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, β-d-glucosidase, xylanase, feruloyl esterase, acetyl esterase, β-d-xylosidase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase. Chromogenic (fluorogenic) 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates were used to partially characterize the extracellular proteome of the microbe after the separation by isolectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. Alkali pretreatment of brewer's spent grain and different aeration levels were studied for the optimization of the ethanol production by F. oxysporum in a consecutive submerged fermentation. A yield about 65 g ethanol kg−1 of dry BG was obtained with alkali pretreated BG under microaerobic conditions (0.01 vvm) corresponding to 30% of the theoretical yield based on total glucose and xylose composition of BG. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,43(1):1-14
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the major by-product of the brewing industry, representing around 85% of the total by-products generated. BSG is a lignocellulosic material containing about 17% cellulose, 28% non-cellulosic polysaccharides, chiefly arabinoxylans, and 28% lignin. BSG is available in large quantities throughout the year, but its main application has been limited to animal feeding. Nevertheless, due to its high content of protein and fibre (around 20 and 70% dry basis, respectively), it can also serve as an attractive adjunct in human nutrition. Recently, attempts have been made to use BSG in biotechnological processes, such as in cultivation of mushrooms and actinobacteria, as a source of value-added products, such as, ferulic and p-coumaric acids, xylose, arabinose, or as raw material for xylitol and arabitol production. The main characteristics and potential applications of BSG are reviewed focussing on these alternative uses of this agro-industrial by-product as a raw material in foods, in energy production and in biotechnological processes. 相似文献
19.
20.
名优绿茶冲泡水温及时间对感官品质的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
对４省１１只代表性名优绿茶的冲泡水温与时间,进行了正交试验及不同冲泡时间的单因子比较试验。结果表明,大部分名优绿茶以冲泡水温１００℃、时间４ｍｉｎ,茶汤的感官品质最佳;部分原料特别细嫩、揉捻较重的名优绿茶,则以冲泡水温１００℃、时间３ｍｉｎ或冲泡水温８０℃、时间５ｍｉｎ感官品质最好;部分做形时几乎不揉捻的名优茶则以冲泡水温１００℃、时间５～６ｍｉｎ最有利于茶汤品质的发挥。 相似文献