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1.
The composition of glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready) corn event NK603 was compared with that of conventional corn grown in the United States in 1998 and in the European Union in 1999 to assess compositional equivalence. Grain and forage samples were collected from both replicated and nonreplicated field trials, and compositional analyses were performed to measure proximates, fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamin E, nine minerals, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, and secondary metabolites in grain as well as proximates and fiber in forage. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted to assess statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level. The values for all of the biochemical components assessed for corn event NK603 were similar to those of the nontransgenic control or were within the published range observed for nontransgenic commercial corn hybrids. In addition, the compositional profile of Roundup Ready corn event NK603 was compared with that of traditional corn hybrids grown in Europe by calculating a 99% tolerance interval to describe compositional variability in the population of traditional corn varieties in the marketplace. These comparisons, together with the history of the safe use of corn as a common component of animal feed and human food, support the conclusion that Roundup Ready corn event NK603 is compositionally equivalent to, and as safe and nutritious as, conventional corn hybrids grown commercially today.  相似文献   

2.
Insect-protected corn hybrids containing event MON 863 protect corn plants against feeding damage from corn rootworm (Diabrotica), a major North American insect pest. Corn event MON 863 contains a gene that expresses an amino acid sequence variant of the wild-type Cry3Bb1 insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. The purpose of this study was to compare the composition of corn containing event MON 863 with that of conventional nontransgenic corn. Compositional analyses were conducted to measure proximates, fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin E, antinutrients, and certain secondary metabolites in grain and proximates and fiber content in forage collected from a total of eight field sites in the U.S. and Argentina. Compositional analyses demonstrated that the grain and forage of event MON 863 are comparable in their nutritional content to the control corn hybrid and conventional corn. These comparisons, together with the history of the safe use of corn as a common component of animal feed and human food, support the conclusion that corn event MON 863 is compositionally equivalent to, and as safe and nutritious as, conventional corn hybrids grown commercially today.  相似文献   

3.
The next generation of biotechnology-derived products with the combined benefit of herbicide tolerance and insect protection (MON 88017) was developed to withstand feeding damage caused by the coleopteran pest corn rootworm and over-the-top applications of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicides. As a part of a larger safety and characterization assessment, MON 88017 was grown under field conditions at geographically diverse locations within the United States and Argentina during the 2002 and 2003-2004 field seasons, respectively, along with a near-isogenic control and other conventional corn hybrids for compositional assessment. Field trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replication blocks at each site. Corn forage samples were harvested at the late dough/early dent stage, ground, and analyzed for the concentration of proximate constituents, fibers, and minerals. Samples of mature grain were harvested, ground, and analyzed for the concentration of proximate constituents, fiber, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, antinutrients, and secondary metabolites. The results showed that the forage and grain from MON 88017 are compositionally equivalent to forage and grain from control and conventional corn hybrids.  相似文献   

4.
The composition of glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready) soybean 40-3-2 was compared with that of conventional soybean grown in Romania in 2005 as part of a comparative safety assessment program. Samples were collected from replicated field trials, and compositional analyses were performed to measure proximates (moisture, fat, ash, protein, and carbohydrates by calculation), fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, isoflavones, raffinose, stachyose, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, and lectin in grain as well as proximates and fiber in forage. The mean values for all biochemical components assessed for Roundup Ready soybean 40-30-2 were similar to those of the conventional control and were within the published range observed for commercial soybean. The compositional profile of Roundup Ready soybean 40-3-2 was also compared to that of conventional soybean varieties grown in Romania by calculating a 99% tolerance interval to describe compositional variability in the population of traditional soybean varieties already on the marketplace. These comparisons, together with the history of the safe use of soybean as a common component of animal feed and human food, lead to the conclusion that Roundup Ready soybean 40-3-2 is compositionally equivalent to and as safe and nutritious as conventional soybean varieties grown commercially.  相似文献   

5.
Insect-protected corn hybrids containing Cry insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis have protection from target pests and provide effective management of insect resistance. MON 89034 hybrids have been developed that produce both the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins, which provide two independent modes of insecticidal action against the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ) and other lepidopteran insect pests of corn. The composition of MON 89034 corn was compared to conventional corn by measuring proximates, fiber, and minerals in forage and by measuring proximates, fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, antinutrients, and secondary metabolites in grain collected from 10 replicated field sites across the United States and Argentina during the 2004-2005 growing seasons. Analyses established that the forage and grain from MON 89034 are compositionally comparable to the control corn hybrid and conventional corn reference hybrids. These findings support the conclusion that MON 89034 is compositionally equivalent to conventional corn hybrids.  相似文献   

6.
The presence of the recombinant cp4 epsps gene from Roundup Ready (RR) corn and RR soybean was quantified using real-time PCR in soil samples from a field experiment growing RR and conventional corn and soybean in rotation. RR corn and RR soybean cp4 epsps persisted in soil for up to 1 year after seeding. The concentration of recombinant DNA in soil peaked in July and August in RR corn and RR soybean plots, respectively. A small fraction of soil samples from plots seeded with conventional crops contained recombinant DNA, suggesting transgene dispersal by means of natural process or agricultural practices. This research will aid in the understanding of the persistence of recombinant DNA in agricultural cropping systems.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Consideration of the harvest method and protein content of corn grain and forage may be important variables for estimating Economic Optimum Nitrogen (N) (EON) rates for corn. Corn grain yield, forage yield, grain protein and forage protein data from twenty five N response experiments conducted in Pennsylvania were analyzed to determine the effect of harvest method and a price adjustment based on grain and forage protein content on the EON rate. The value of the protein in this study was assumed to be that of substituting soybean meal in the ration for growing beef cattle or dairy cattle. There was no difference in the EON for corn harvested for grain compared to corn harvested for forage when the protein content was not considered. When price adjustments were made for the protein content of the grain and forage, the EON rates increased 10 kg/ha for grain and 22 kg/ha for forage. With the protein price adjustments, the EON was 14 kg/ha higher for forage than grain. These results support the recommendation for higher N rates for corn harvested for forage, where the protein value of the forage is considered, compared to corn harvested for grain. In situations where the amino acid composition of the grain is important, such as for poultry or swine, or where urea or anhydrous ammonia can be substituted in the ration for protein, it is unlikely that a higher EON level would result when protein content or quality is considered.  相似文献   

8.
Bollgard II cotton event 15985 producing the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 proteins has been developed by genetic modification to broaden the spectrum of insects to which the plant is tolerant and to provide an insect resistance management tool to impede the onset of resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the composition and nutrition of Bollgard II cotton, relative to the use for food and animal feed, compared to that of conventional cotton varieties. Compositional analyses were conducted to measure proximate, fiber, amino acid, fatty acid, gossypol, and mineral contents of cottonseed from a total of 14 U.S. field sites over two years. Compositional analysis results showed that the cottonseed and cottonseed oil from Bollgard II cotton were comparable in their composition to those of the conventional control cotton line and other commercial varieties. The composition data are supported by nutritional safety studies conducted with dairy cows, catfish, and quail. Results from these studies showed that Bollgard II performed similarly to the conventional control cotton varieties. These data demonstrate that Bollgard II cotton is compositionally and nutritionally equivalent to conventional cotton varieties. These data support the conclusion that Bollgard II cotton is as safe and nutritious as conventional cotton for food and feed use.  相似文献   

9.
A method for quantification of recombinant DNA for Roundup Ready (RR) corn and RR soybean in soil samples is described. Soil DNA from experimental field samples was extracted using a soil DNA extraction kit with a modified protocol. For the detection and quantification of recombinant DNA of RR corn and RR soybean, a molecular beacon and two pairs of specific primers were designed to differentially target recombinant DNA in these two genetically modified crops. Soil DNA extracts were spiked with RR corn or RR soybean DNA, and recombinant DNA was quantified using real-time PCR with a molecular beacon. As few as one copy of RR corn genome or one copy of RR soybean genome was detected in the soil DNA extract.  相似文献   

10.
Biospecific interaction analysis (BIA) was performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biosensor technologies to detect genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean gene sequences. We first immobilized, on SA sensor chips, single-stranded biotinylated oligonucleotides containing soybean lectin and Roundup Ready gene sequences, and the efficiency of hybridization to oligonucleotide probes differing in length was determined. Second, we immobilized biotinylated PCR products from nontransgenic soybeans (genomes carrying only the lectin gene), as well as from genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean, and we injected the oligonucleotide probes. Furthermore, we used the sensor chips carrying either lectin and Roundup Ready soybean PCR products or 21-mer oligonucleotide as probes, and we injected both nonpurified and purified asymmetric PCR products. The results obtained show that 13 and 15 mer oligonucleotides are suitable probes to detect genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean gene sequences (either target oligonucleotides or PCR products) under standard BIA experimental conditions. By contrast, when 11 mer DNA probes were employed, no efficient hybridization was obtained. All the SPR-based formats were found to be useful for detection of Roundup Ready gene sequences, suggesting that these procedures are useful for the real-time monitoring of hybridization between target single-stranded PCR products, obtained by using as substrates DNA isolated from normal or transgenic soybeans, and oligonucleotide or PCR-generated probes, therefore enabling a one-step, nonradioactive protocol to perform detection.  相似文献   

11.
Multiplex PCR reactions were developed for detecting simultaneously the CryIA(b) and pat genes from events 176, MON810, BT11, and T25 of transgenic maize, using only two pairs of primers, one for the CryIA(b) gene and the other for the pat gene. The Roundup Ready soybean can be precisely detected by a multiplex PCR reaction using known primers, amplifying fragments of the NOS and the epsps sequences simultaneously. Transgenic events such as Roundup Ready soybean and GA21 maize, among others, can be quantified by real-time PCR using a pair of primers and a probe specifically designed for annealing to the NOS ending region. As an alternative to amplifying an endogenous gene, the addition of a foreign gene in a percentage equal to the required level of detection, in a parallel reaction, is proposed. The use of hexane to homogenize large flour samples is suggested.  相似文献   

12.
An improved visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for cyclopiazonic acid in poultry feed and corn. The method is based on the reaction of cyclopiazonic acid with Ehrlich reagent and detection at 580 nm. Reaction conditions were optimized with respect to reaction and measurement times and acid and Ehrlich reagent concentrations. Calibration curves were linear from 1 to 20 micrograms cyclopiazonic acid in 3 mL Ehrlich reagent, with a lower detection limit of 0.08 mg/kg for 50 g samples of poultry feed and corn. Recoveries from 50 g samples of poultry feed spiked with cyclopiazonic ranging from 0.16 to 1.20 mg/kg averaged 93.8%. Moldy corn and poultry feed samples analyzed by this method contained between 1 and 4 mg/kg cyclopiazonic acid.  相似文献   

13.
南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持效果和经济效益研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究了坡耕地不同利用方式下种植苎麻的水土保持效果。在自然降雨条件下,以25°自然坡面,选种植玉米为对照,研究坡耕地种植苎麻收获纤维(每年收获3次)、饲料(株高60cm时收获)、不收获(在生长季内不收获产品)三种方式下坡耕地径流和产沙规律。结果表明:各处理间土壤侵蚀模数和平均径流系数变化规律为,饲料用处理>玉米小区(CK)>纤维用处理>不利用处理;经济效益纤维用处理最大为32 040.8元/hm2、不利用处理为7 466.9元/hm2、饲料用处理为15 489.6元/hm2、玉米处理为19 748元/hm2。由此表明,南方坡耕地种植苎麻可以达到水土保持效果,且苎麻不收获方式和收获纤维方式可以有效的防治水土流失。  相似文献   

14.
Compositional analysis is an important tool in the evaluation of the safety and nutritional status of biotechnology-derived crops. As part of the comparative assessment of a biotechnology-derived crop, its composition is evaluated by quantitative measurement of the levels of key nutrients, antinutrients, and secondary metabolites and compared to that of conventional crops. To evaluate the effect of combining multiple biotech traits through conventional breeding, the forage and grain compositions of the double combinations MON 810 × NK603, MON 863 × MON 810, and MON 863 × NK603 and the triple combination MON 863 × NK603 × MON 810 were compared to their respective near-isogenic, conventional control hybrids. Overall, a total of 241 statistical comparisons between the multitrait biotechnology crop and its corresponding conventional controls were conducted. Of these comparisons 192 (79.7%) were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05), and all 49 of the differences were within the 99% tolerance interval for commercial hybrids grown in the same field or related field trials. These data on combined trait biotechnology-derived products demonstrated that the forage and grain were compositionally equivalent to their conventional comparators, indicating the absence of any influence of combining insect protection and herbicide tolerance traits by conventional breeding on compositional variation.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The elemental composition of corn was evaluated during the 1973 growing season in an experiment with various rates of poultry manure. In general, the nutrient concentration of plant tissue reflected poultry manure applications with the exception of Mg which declined and Ca, Fe and Na which appeared to be largely unaffected. The elemental concentrations in the corn tissue were not in a toxic range however, the nutrient balance was changed by poultry manure application. Sampling of corn early in the growing season can be quite valuable with respect to predicting nutrient concentration of more mature corn for Mg, Mn, B and Zn, but it leaves much to be desired for the other elements tested.  相似文献   

16.
We recently developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the simultaneous detection of four transgenic maize (MON810, Bt176, Bt11, and GA21), one transgenic soybean (Roundup Ready), and two control genes (lectin and zein). Because PCR can lead to ambiguous interpretations due to low specificity, we have developed the ligation detection reaction (LDR) combined with a universal array as a molecular tool to confirm results of PCR analysis. Here, we describe the PCR-LDR-universal array procedure and demonstrate its specificity in revealing the presence of transgenic DNA in experimental samples, raw materials, and commercial foodstuffs.  相似文献   

17.
Glyphosate-tolerant alfalfa (GTA) was developed to withstand over-the-top applications of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup agricultural herbicides. As a part of the safety assessment, GTA (designated J101 x J163) was grown under controlled field conditions at geographically diverse locations within the United States during the 2001 and 2003 field seasons along with control and other conventional alfalfa varieties for compositional assessment. Field trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replication blocks at each site. Alfalfa forage was harvested at the late bud to early bloom stage from each plot at five field sites in 2001 (establishment year) and from four field sites in 2003 (third year of stand). The concentration of proximate constituents, fibers, amino acids, coumestrol, and minerals in the forage was measured. The results showed that the forage from GTA J101 x J163 is compositionally equivalent to forage from the control and conventional alfalfa varieties.  相似文献   

18.
We evaluate the effect of different commercial formulations of glyphosate on the nutritional status of Roundup Ready soybeans (TMG 125). The experiment was conducted under field conditions for two agricultural years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments were the implementation of Roundup Original, Trop, Roundup Ultra, Roundup WG, Roundup Transorb R and Zapp QI formulations, all at a dose of 720 g e.a. ha?1 of glyphosate and two controls (weeding and no weeding). There was no difference in the accumulation of macronutrients. In the second year of evaluation (2011/2012), manganese (Mn) accumulation was affected by the Trop formulations, Roundup Transorb, Zapp QI, Roundup Ultra, Roundup WG. To the accumulation of zinc (Zn), there was a reduction in the application of Trop formulations and Zapp QI. However, this reduction observed did not influence the response of plants in relation to the productive yield.  相似文献   

19.
河西走廊制种田与生产田玉米需肥特点比较   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
河西走廊是全国最大的玉米制种基地,但存在制种玉米超量滥施化肥问题。因此,采用田间试验和室内样品分析相结合的方法,以同一组合杂交种玉米生产试验田作对照,研究了自交系玉米制种田氮、 磷、 钾需肥量及需肥特点。结果表明, 制种田玉米种子产量明显小于生产田玉米,制种田子粒产量是生产田的0.6114倍; 制种田全生育期氮、 磷、 钾吸收量均小于生产田,分别是生产田的0.738倍、 0.624倍、 0.733倍; 生产百公斤玉米种子吸收氮（N）、 磷（P2O5）、 钾（K2O）养分平均为2.653 kg、 1.115 kg和3.447 kg; N∶P2O5∶K2O比例为1∶0.42∶1.30。养分累积进程也不同,苗期养分吸收量制种田大于生产田,拔节期相近,拔节后制种田均小于生产田,养分累积量平均为生产田的63.0%~85.3%。因此,相比生产玉米,制种玉米应适当减少施肥量,并增加苗期养分供应。  相似文献   

20.
上拉茎掰穗式玉米收获台架试验与分析   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0  
针对现有摘穗装置存在的果穗啃伤、籽粒损失严重等问题,该文采用了自上而下的掰穗原理,搭建了上拉茎掰穗式玉米收获试验台,进行了摘穗辊转速、两摘穗辊间隙和摘穗辊与水平面夹角对玉米籽粒损失的影响试验;试验中采用高速摄像系统对玉米摘穗过程进行快速捕捉,有助于后期的综合分析。通过单因素试验和方差分析表明,玉米摘穗辊转速对玉米籽粒损失率有显著的影响,在500~1 000 r/min变化范围内,玉米籽粒损失率的变化先降低再升高,700 r/min时损失最小,籽粒损失范围0.22%~0.39%;两摘穗辊间隙在4~12 mm范围内,玉米籽粒损失总体呈下降趋势,间隙为10 mm时损失最小,玉米籽粒平均损失率0.33%,两摘穗辊间隙对玉米籽粒损失率有显著的影响;摘穗辊与水平面夹角对玉米籽粒损失影响不明显。试验结果表明,采用自上而下的摘穗方式能够有效的降低传统摘穗装置果穗啃伤、籽粒损失严重等问题,实现低损伤摘穗。该研究丰富了玉米摘穗理论,为玉米收获机型的研发提供了参考。  相似文献   

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