共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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在邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）不同污染水平下水培油青60天菜心和特青60天菜心,采用蒸馏水法收集根系分泌物,研究其根系分泌物对水稻土壤中DEHP解吸效应的影响及其与菜心吸收累积DEHP的关系。结果表明,2种基因型菜心根系分泌物均能显著提高土壤中DEHP的解吸效应,添加根系分泌物处理上清液中DEHP含量是对照处理的1.9~26.6倍,较高污染条件下2种基因型菜心根系分泌物对土壤中DEHP具有更强的解吸效应。油青60天菜心根系分泌物的解吸效应大于特青60天菜心,前者是后者的1.6~4.6倍。2种基因型菜心根系分泌物对土壤中DEHP的解吸效应强弱与其根系、茎叶中DEHP含量达极显著相关（r≥0.924 9）,说明2种基因型菜心根系分泌物对DEHP解吸效应的影响可能是导致其根系、茎叶中DEHP含量差异的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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通过室内盆栽试验,研究了甜菜与黑麦草、苜蓿、苏丹草分别间作及4种植物各自单作对土壤中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）和邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基己基）二酯（DEHP）4种邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）的植物修复效果。结果表明：与空白对照相比,种植植物的修复效果更好;苜蓿单作与间作都有较好的修复效果,其中甜菜/苜蓿间作PAEs的去除率最高,可达66.48%;植物单作与间作相比,间作的修复效果高于单作,间作增强土壤中过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶的活性,从而促进了根际微生物对PAEs的降解;就单一污染物来说,DBP和DEHP在污染土壤和植物茎叶中的浓度较其他两种污染物高,两者在土壤中的去除率也较高,其中DEHP为最高,均可达50%以上,DBP的去除率也在40%以上;DEHP在植物茎叶中的生物富集系数明显较低,且单作低于间作,而DBP和BBP的生物富集系数较高。可选择苜蓿作为土壤中PAEs修复的一种高效修复植物,植物间作相对于单作有更好的修复效率,也可更高效地利用土地资源,因此可优先选择作为植物修复的一种种植模式。 相似文献
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盆栽试验条件下,通过外源添加DBP/DEHP制成0,20,50,100,200 mg/kg的浓度梯度,来研究PAEs对烟草生长的影响及其在土壤-烟草系统的累积特征。结果表明:外源DBP/DEHP的添加对烟草地上部生物量和茎粗无显著影响,烟草株高随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加呈现不同的变化趋势,其中黄棕壤烟草株高显著降低,红壤的显著增加,而黄壤的无变化;黄壤根系活力随外源DBP/DEHP浓度先增高后降低,而黄棕壤和红壤的无显著变化。DBP/DEHP浓度对部分烟草抗氧化酶活性有显著影响,而对土壤的脱氢酶和和脲酶活性基本无影响。随外源PAEs浓度的增加,土壤中DBP/DEHP含量均呈现上升的趋势,以黄棕壤DBP含量增加幅度最大,添加200 mg/kg DBP时是CK(外源不添加DBP/DEHP)的3.56倍;黄棕壤和红壤DEHP浓度大幅增加,黄棕壤和红壤添加200 mg/kg DEHP时分别是CK的27.47,27.34倍。相比于CK大多数烟叶中和根系中DBP/DEHP有不同程度的提升。随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加,会在一定程度上促进土壤和烟叶DBP/DEHP的积累。 相似文献
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高州农田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征与形态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2015,(4):991-996
对农田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的水平与垂直分布、以及存在形态进行了调查分析。结果表明,15个样品中DMP、DEP、DBP单因子污染指数分别为4.3~27.8、0.3~4.7、0.9~26.5,存在超标情况,且DMP含量全部超标,BBP、DEHP和DOP的单因子污染指数均小于1,符合控制标准值要求。土壤样品综合污染指数在3.8~20.0,属于严重污染。DMP和DOP主要存在于耕作层(0~20 cm),DBP和DEHP在0~60 cm的各层中均存在,表明后者垂向迁移能力较强。土壤中PAEs可脱附态的主要种类为DBP、DEHP、DMP,有机溶剂提取态、结合残留态的主要种类为DEHP、DBP;可脱附态、有机溶剂提取态、结合残留态所占比例约为32%~56%、13%~29%、29%~39%。 相似文献
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以不同浓度DBP和DEHP处理的土壤对青菜、菠菜、莴苣和萝卜进行盆栽实验,采用加速溶剂萃取,Qu ECh ERS方法和硅烷衍生化对土壤和蔬菜样品进行前处理,结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测技术,分析了4种蔬菜中DBP、DEHP及其单酯代谢物MBP、MEHP从土壤中吸收的残留量分布规律和富集系数。结果表明,生长在高、低两个不同浓度DBP和DEHP土壤中的4种蔬菜都有DBP、DEHP及其代谢物MBP和MEHP的检出。萝卜中DBP和DEHP残留总量(Σ2PAEs)及其代谢物残留总量均明显高于其他3种蔬菜。4种蔬菜对土壤中的DEHP的生物富集因子BCF值都大于1,有明显的富集效应;而对于土壤中DBP有富集效应的则只有萝卜,其他3种蔬菜对DBP的BCF值都远小于1。相关研究结果表明,土壤中的DBP、DEHP能被蔬菜产品吸收富集,并且在体内代谢出毒性比母体更高的单酯产物。 相似文献
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地膜中酞酸酯类化合物对土壤-玉米的污染及其模型模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽试验研究了不同地膜残留量处理酞酸酯类化合物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)对土壤—玉米体系的污染及模型模拟。结果表明:土壤中DBP含量0.024~0.553 mg/kg,DEHP含量在0.251~7.120mg/kg;植株中DBP含量0.222~1.434mg/kg,DEHP含量0.022~0.234mg/kg。各生育时期各处理土壤中DBP和DEHP含量变化规律相同,高倍地膜残留量处理DBP,DEHP含量高于低倍残留量。土壤中DEHP含量明显高于DBP含量,植株中DEHP含量很低。采用3次重复试验数据建立了土壤与植株中DBP和DEHP含量关系模型,模型通过了显著性检验,达到了极显著水平(p0.01)。DBP模型的最优模型为F=0.438+0.984X2ln2(X)(R=0.809);DEHP模型的最优模型为F=0.003 X3-0.025 X2+0.062 X+0.024(R=0.797)。采用与建立模型相独立的数据对模型进行了检验,DBP和DEHP最优模型的平均预测误差为17.5%和19.24%,模型计算值与实测值之间的相关系数R为0.712,0.743,模型符合程度较好。模型的建立可以为我国农田酞酸酯类化合物精准管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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北京市东南郊灌区土壤和农产品酞酸酯污染风险评估 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确北京市东南郊典型灌区土壤和作物酞酸酯PAEs含量和污染水平,2015年利用气象色谱-质谱仪检测了该灌区31个表层土壤样品和38个作物样品的6种优控PAEs含量.研究结果表明灌区表层土壤PAEs质量分数为1.8～12.2 mg/kg,均值5.1 mg/kg.与国内外相比,该研究中土壤PAEs含量处于较高水平.土壤中邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)含量均值分别占PAEs总量的60.4％和35.9％.土壤样品邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和DnBP含量均超美国土壤PAEs控制标准,但总体上未超过美国土壤PAEs治理标准.冬小麦籽粒、夏玉米籽粒和果蔬可食用部位PAEs质量分数分别为2.34～3.66、1.76～3.15和2.26～3.76 mg/kg;与其他研究成果相比,该研究区农产品PAEs含量处于中等水平.不同污灌历史年限区域土壤和粮食作物籽粒PAEs含量均没有显著差异.冬小麦籽粒、夏玉米籽粒和果蔬中DEHP和DnBP含量分别占总量的50.3％和30.5％、45.1％和50.2％、47.16％～63.3％和31.96％～46.36％.农产品PAEs总量及各组分含量均低于欧洲的建议标准值.粮食作物籽粒中PAEs和DnBP含量与土壤中相应含量呈显著正相关,Pearson相关系数(r)分别为0.74～0.87和0.91～0.92.该研究中农作物对PAEs的迁移系数为0.24～1.65.儿童和成人PAEs致癌风险分别为1.34×10-5和3.87x10-5,非致癌指数分别为9.44x 10-1和3.83×10-1,均在可接受范围内;通过口-作物暴露对PAEs 2种风险贡献均最大,DEHP对人体2种风险贡献最大. 相似文献
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赤泥对重金属污染红壤修复效果及其评价 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以赤泥作为原位固定剂,采用盆栽试验从土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量,菜心(Brassicaparachinensis)生长及吸收积累Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量3个方面探讨不同赤泥用量对重金属污染红壤的固定修复效果,并用毒性淋出试验TCLP法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:菜心在未加赤泥的重金属污染土壤中生长受到严重抑制,在加入赤泥的土壤下生长良好,生物产量显著提高,茎叶干重与赤泥量呈二次相关,5.0mg/kg赤泥处理下菜心产量最大。土壤pH值随赤泥用量的增加而升高,二者呈显著正相关。土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量均与赤泥用量呈显著负相关关系;与未加赤泥相比,土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量降低范围分别为0.9%～34.2%,29.8%～96.8%,59.9%～96.4%,41.1%～92.7%。加入赤泥显著降低菜心茎叶重金属含量,其重金属含量随赤泥用量的增加而降低;与未加赤泥处理相比,茎叶Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量降低分别为68.6%～88.6%,87.3%～96.1%,76.6%～80.3%,79.1%～93.3%。2.5mg/kg赤泥处理下土壤生态风险最小。 相似文献
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选用黄棕壤和红壤,用土壤老化和上海青（Brassica campestris）盆栽试验研究了邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（Di-butyl Phthalate,DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（D（i2-ethylhexyl）Phthalate,DEHP）在土壤-植物系统中的分布规律。土壤老化试验表明,DBP和DEHP在土壤中的吸附量随着老化时间的增加,呈现开始（0-10 d）老化速率较快,而后（10-30 d）老化速率减小并且老化总量趋于稳定的趋势。盆栽试验结果表明,在红壤上植物体内DBP/DEHP含量（DBP：0.576-2.750 mg.kg-1;DEHP：9.369-33.256 mg.kg-1）与土壤污染浓度呈正相关,生物量与土壤污染浓度呈负相关;而在黄棕壤上,上海青的生物量并不随着土壤DBP/DEHP的添加量的升高而变化,植物体内DBP/DEHP的含量（DBP：0.212-0.401 mg.kg-1;DEHP：0.421-0.490 mg.kg-1）远低于红壤的相同污染浓度处理。在黄棕壤上,上海青对DBP/DEHP的BCF值介于0.061-1.041之间;而在红壤上,BCF值均大于1.0（介于1.175-15.695之间）,具有一定的生物富集作用。通过试验还估算了红壤上DBP/DEHP的临界浓度为6.932-11.718 mg.kg-1,可为建立生态效应预警指标提供参考。 相似文献
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Single phytotoxicity of two representative phthalate esters （PAEs）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） and bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, was tested in mung bean （Vigna radiata） seedlings germinated for 72 h in soils spiked with varying concentrations （0-500 mg kg-1 soil） of DnBP or DEHP. PAEs added at up to 500 mg kg-1 soil exerted no significant effect on germination but both pollutants significantly inhibited root elongation （P 〈 0.01）; DEHP inhibited shoot elongation （P 〈 0.01） and DnBP depressed biomass on a fresh weight basis （P 〈 0.05）. Seedling shoot and root malondialdehyde （MDA） Contents tended to be stimulated by DnBP but inhibited by DEHP. However, increases in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, as well as glutathione （GSH） content, were induced at higher concentrations （e.g., 20 mg kg-1） of both compounds. Accumulation of proline in both roots and shoots and the storage compounds, such as free amino acids and total soluble sugars, in whole plant was induced under the stress exerted by both PAEs. The general responses of mung bean seedlings indicated higher toxicity of DnBP than DEHP on primary growth, during which root elongation was a more responsive index. MDA and GSH were more sensitive parameters in the roots than in the shoots and they might be recommended as physiologically sensitive parameters to assess the toxicity of PAE compounds in soils in future long-term studies. 相似文献
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Phthalate esters(PAEs) are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production,employ, and treatment and are difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorganisms could use them as the carbon source to growth. In this study, an Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5, capable of utilizing PAEs, was isolated from a vegetable greenhouse soil.The degradation capability of strain LMB-5 was also investigated by incubation in mineral salt medium containing different PAEs,dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP). The strain could grow well with DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP. When the concentration of DBP increased from 100 to 400 mg L~(-1), the half-life extended from 9.5 to 15.5 h. In the concentration range of DBP, the degradation ability of strain LMB-5 could be described by first-order kinetics. During the biodegradation of DBP, three intermediates, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,butyl methyl ester, DMP,and phthalic acid(PA) were detected, and the proposed pathway of DBP was identified. By analysis of bioinformatics, one esterase was cloned from the genome of LMB-5 and expressed in Escherichia coli. It displayed an ability to break the ester bonds of DBP. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40℃ with DBP as the substrate. It was activated by Cu~(2+) and Fe~(3+) and had a high activity in the presence of low concentrations of methanol or dimethylsulfoxide(each 10%, volume:volume). The Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 may make a contribution to the remediation of soils polluted by PAEs in the future. 相似文献
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Time-course of heavy metal uptake in maize and clover as affected by root density and different mycorrhizal inoculation regimes 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
A pot experiment was conducted to test the effect of three microbial regimes on the time course of heavy metal uptake in clover and maize from an industrially polluted soil. The three treatments included: (1) an intact flora of bacteria and fungi, including indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi together with soil microfauna; (2) the indigenous bacterial/fungal flora except AM fungi, reintroduced into sterilized soil; or (3) the same bacterial/fungal flora plus an AM fungus. For the final harvest, two pot sizes were included to assess the effect of root density. Plant uptake of P and heavy metals varied according to plant species, harvest time and soil treatment. For both plant species, shoot concentration of Zn, Cd and Cu decreased and Ni increased with plant age. Plants growing in sterilized soil with reintroduced AM fungi generally grew better, but contained higher concentrations of heavy metals than those colonized by indigenous AM fungi. Plants with mycorrhiza frequently contained more P, Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb in roots and shoots compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Elevated root/shoot concentration ratios of P and metals indicate a sequestration of metal phosphates in mycorrhizal roots. Mycorrhizal performance was influenced by root density. At low root densities, metal concentrations in mycorrhizal plants were reduced, whereas it had no effect at high root densities when the entire soil volume was efficiently exploited by roots. We conclude that root density data are essential for interpretations of the influence of AM on metal uptake in plants. 相似文献
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