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新疆是我国最大的商品棉生产基地。2007年新疆棉花种植面积为178．26万hm^2，占全国的31．9％；皮棉总产量为290万t，占全国的38．2％。20世纪90年代初，中国农业科学院棉花研究所（以下简称“中棉所”）培育的中棉所19进入南疆，开启了中棉所科技力量进入新疆的历史。在随后的几年中，相继引进推广了中棉所35、41、43、49等“中棉”品种，逐步形成了在新疆生产中的优势地位。以优良的品种为先导，中棉所先后在新疆阿克苏、巴州等地（州）成立了五家区域公司，经营自育的“中棉”系列棉花品种，追求产业效益和推广面积。 相似文献
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针对目前新疆南疆地区棉花种植存在施肥用量过大、氮磷钾配比失调、滴灌肥配方不合理及溶解性差、微量元素及生物刺激素肥料随水滴施效益低等问题, 建立棉花专用缓控释复合肥和叶面水溶肥为主体的绿色施肥技术,并遵循当前新疆机采棉高产、高效、轻简化种植发展方向,结合多年多点试验和示范成果,制定该技术规程。本规程规范了新疆南疆地区以绿色施肥技术为核心的播种、水肥管理、化学调控、化学打顶、机械采收等棉花栽培技术,建立了新疆南疆地区棉花绿色高产轻简化栽培技术体系。 相似文献
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中国棉业科技进步30年——新疆篇 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了1989-2009年30年来新疆棉花生产发展状况、变化规律,主要科技成果及科技对新疆棉花生产的贡献作用.结果表明:(1)30年是新疆棉花生产发展最快时期,30年新疆已巨变为我国最大的棉花生产基地;新疆棉花生产整体水平居全国第一,兵团棉花生产水平居世界领先;走扩大面积、扩大面积与提高单产并重、提高单产和效益为主的途径,是30年新疆棉花不同生产阶段的发展道路;新疆棉花发展潜力巨大,坚持棉花发展不动摇是新疆棉花发展方向.(2)30年新疆在棉花品种改良、栽培模式、施肥技术、病虫害防治和灌溉技术等研发方面取得巨大成就,形成了具有鲜明特点的新疆棉花栽培模式、实用技术,棉花品种特点等,是30年新疆棉花生产巨变的重要技术支撑,新疆棉花科技成果也丰富发展了我国棉花科技理论.(3)30年新疆棉花为我国棉花做出了突出贡献. 相似文献
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乡村振兴战略是解决农业农村农民问题的重要战略规划.新疆是我国最大的棉花种植区,发展好棉花产业对新疆的乡村振兴战略起着无比关键的作用.运用典型的SCP分析方法,对新疆的棉花产业进行多方位的分析,包括对其市场结构、行为和绩效三方面的分析,以及对其棉产业市场集中度,产品差异化和市场行为等问题的理论分析,并从乡村振兴战略促进新疆棉花产业腾飞的角度提出了"解决棉种多杂乱问题、提升棉种质量和优化新疆棉花产业市场结构和行为"等建议. 相似文献
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新疆陆地棉的高产栽培技术曾隆爵新疆塔里木农垦大学阿拉尔８４３３００１９９０～１９９４年，地处南疆的新疆建设兵团农一、二、三师开展了棉花高产栽培试验。试验田连年获得了每公顷皮棉高产２２５０公斤以上水平，从生态指标、群体结构、水肥运筹、棉虫防治、化学调控... 相似文献
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Krishna Kumari S Thayumanavan B 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(1):47-56
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha–1 ) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health. 相似文献
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W. L. Porter 《American Journal of Potato Research》1967,44(10):382-382
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Various parameters,e.g. types of microtiter plate for DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), use of fresh or frozen amplifier solutions for enzyme-amplified-ELISA, and use of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDIECA) in sample buffer in cocktail-ELISA were evaluated for the detection of potato viruses A, M, S, X, Y and leafroll from potato foliage. Dynatech Immulon immunoplates provided higher readings for all viruses. Fresh amplifier solution in amplifed-ELISA was superior to frozen solutions. Amplified ELISA gave only marginal improvement in the sensitivity over the standard DAS-ELISA. Addition of NaDIECA in sample buffer did not improve the detection of viruses in DAS-, amplified-, or cocktail-ELISA. Cocktail-ELISA can reduce antigen incubation time to as short as 15 min for PVA, PVM and PVX; 1 hr for PVY and PLRV; and 2–4 hr for PVS using pre-coated plates. Although amplified-ELISA is slightly more sensitive than DAS-ELISA for certain potato viruses, it is not suitable for large-scale indexing of potato viruses in Seed Certification Laboratories, in view of the additional steps needed in carrying out this procedure. 相似文献
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The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm. 相似文献
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Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair
by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients
was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact
ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity
was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide
treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles. 相似文献
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The concentration of mineral elements in herbage from permanent swards of mixed species composition (predominantly Agrostis spp., Holcus lanatus, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Poa spp., etc.) was compared with that from sown perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) at two fertilizer rates (0 and 300kg N ha−1 year−1 , both with P and K) and with L. perennel Trifolium repens (at 0 N with P and K). The investigation was conducted over four years at sixteen contrasting sites in England and Wales. Herbage samples for mineral analysis were taken at first and fourth harvests (May and August) each year from plots under 4-weekly cutting. There was a wide degree of variation between sites, particularly for concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na and all trace elements analysed. Herbage from L. perenne reseeds had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Co and S, but K, Mo, Zn, Cu and P were generally lower than in the permanent swards. L. perennel T. repens swards had the highest concentration of major cations, but trace element levels were generally intermediate between those for 0 N permanent and L. perenne swards. Fertilizer N reduced concentrations of Ca, Mn, Mo and S, and increased Mg, Na and Zn, with no consistent effects on K, Co and Cu. Herbage at harvest 4, compared with harvest 1, had higher Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn and S. Permanent and L. perenne swards responded similarly to fertilizer N and between harvest dates. Results are discussed in relation to previous reports of botanical and fertilizer effects on mineral concentrations, and the mineral requirements of livestock. Changes in mineral concentration resulting from reseeding permanent swards are considered unlikely to increase mineral-related livestock disorders, and in many cases could be beneficial, though problems might arise on sites where some elements, e.g. Cu and Mg, are low. 相似文献