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活性氧（ROS）和丙酮醛（MG）是植物响应非生物胁迫过程中不可或缺的组成部分。低剂量的ROS或MG参与信号交流、种子萌发、植物生长发育及非生物胁迫应答等过程，而过量的ROS或MG具有高反应性和细胞毒性，会导致植物处于氧化胁迫或MG胁迫状态。为了维持植株体内ROS和MG的动态平衡，植物自身进化出了一系列的ROS和MG产生及清除机制。文章归纳总结了植物体内ROS和MG的合成代谢过程、分解代谢过程以及两者合成和分解代谢间的关系，阐明了不同非生物胁迫 （干旱、温度、盐、碱、盐碱和重金属胁迫）条件下植物体内ROS和MG代谢间的调节情况。提出今后应加强植物体内MG的信号作用、乙二醛酶系统响应非生物胁迫的机理以及乙二醛酶系统耐逆基因工程开发的深入研究，以期为非生物胁迫下植物体内ROS和MG代谢机制的深入研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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活性氧(ROS)在植物生长发育和对各种逆境适应过程中扮演双面角色：高浓度下引起氧化损伤、低浓度下发挥第二信使作用,其角色转换取决于其产生和清除之间的平衡状态,并严格受控于体内一套由酶和非酶组分构成的双元抗氧化系统。在抗氧化酶类中,位居细胞质的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶1(APX1)在胞内氧化还原态水平调控中起到关键作用,在ROS清除网络中居于核心地位,已被视作ROS功能的重要杠杆,并因而获得相对最广泛的研究关注。着重介绍了其酶学特性、基因表达和调控、生物学作用及目前主要在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用研究进展,以期为日后植物ROS和抗逆性研究提供有用信息和思路。 相似文献
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为了明确苗期水稻对干旱胁迫的生理反应,笔者从光合作用、水分生理、植株体内的氧化逆境、渗透调节物质代谢以及细胞膜的完整性等几个方面分析了粳稻品种Dongjin(OryzasativaL.subsp.japonica)在干旱胁迫处理下的生理变化。结果表明:干旱胁迫过程中,叶片的净光合速率与植株地上部相对含水量在处理5d内均已显著降低,5d后大幅度下降;植株地上部丙二醛含量的显著增加以及相对电导率的快速上升发生在处理5d以后,并且二者的变化趋势相类似;脯氨酸含量在处理6d时有所增加,处理6d后快速上升;叶片的活性氧含量在处理6d时略微下降,6d后逐渐上升,处理8d时显著升高。光合速率与相对含水量最先响应旱胁迫信号,与活性氧、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和相对电导率一起可用作综合评价水稻苗期耐旱性的指标。 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, mineral uptake, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici） under copper stress, either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Excess Cu inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis of grafted and ungrafted cucumber seedlings and significantly increased accumulation of Cu in roots besides reducing mineral uptake. Cu concentration in roots of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants and obviously lower in leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） significantly increased in cucumber leaves under Cu stress and resulted in lipid peroxidation, and the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation were greatly decreased by grafting. Activities of protective enzymes （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR） and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione in leaves of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of ungrafted plants under Cu stress. Better performance of grafted cucumber plants were attributed to the higher ability of Cu accumulation in their roots, better nutrient status, and the effective scavenging system of ROS. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(8)
Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. harzianum. In addition, T. harzianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. harzianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species(ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system. 相似文献
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Interactive effect of shade and PEG-induced osmotic stress on physiological responses of soybean seedlings 
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下载免费PDF全文 Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR JIANG Heng-ke SHUI Zhao-wei CAO Xi-yu HUANG Xi-yu Shakeel IMRAN Bushra AHMAD ZHANG Hao YANG Yue-ning SHANG Jing YANG Hui YU Liang LIU Chun-yan YANG Wen-yu SUN Xin DU Jun-bo 《农业科学学报》2021,20(9):2382-2394
Intensively farmed crops used to experience numerous environmental stresses. Among these, shade and drought significantly influence the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of plants. However, the interactive effect of shade and drought on the growth and development of soybean under dense cropping systems has not been reported yet. This study investigated the interactive effect of PEG-induced osmotic stress and shade on soybean seedlings. The soybean cultivar viz., C-103 was subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress from polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000) under shading and non-shading conditions. PEG-induced osmotic stress significantly reduced the relative water contents, morphological parameters, carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents under both light environments. A significant increase was observed in osmoprotectants, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedlings. Henceforth, the findings revealed that, seedlings grown under non-shading conditions produced more malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents as compared to the shade-treated plants when subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Likewise, the shaded plants accumulated more sugars and proline than non-shaded ones under drought stress. Moreover, it was found that nonshaded grown plants were more sensitive to PEG-induced osmotic stress than those exposed to shading conditions, which suggested that shade could boost the protective mechanisms against osmotic stress or at least would not exaggerate the adverse effects of PEG-induced osmotic stress in soybean seedlings. 相似文献
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【目的】光系统II的非光化学叶绿素荧光淬灭是高等植物响应环境变化最快速的光保护机制,玉米具备叶肉和维管束鞘2种叶绿体结构,本研究通过比较2个玉米品种的光合耐旱能力,探究维管束鞘叶绿体的非光化学淬灭对玉米耐旱性的意义。【方法】以成单30和仲玉3号2个玉米品种为研究材料,设置土壤相对含水量为70%—80%田间持水量（FWC）（充足浇水,对照）、50%—60% FWC（中度干旱胁迫）和35%—45% FWC（重度干旱胁迫）3个土壤水分梯度处理。测定玉米叶片的水分状况、叶绿素含量、活性氧积累、质膜透性和气体交换等参数;应用叶绿素荧光动力学显微成像观测,比较玉米叶肉和维管束鞘叶绿体的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和NPQ;通过免疫印迹法,分析玉米叶肉和维管束鞘细胞光系统II亚基S（PsbS）稳态水平的变化差异;采用蓝-绿胶温和电泳分离,检测玉米光系统II蛋白复合体的水平。【结果】干旱胁迫导致叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率下降,2个玉米品种间没有明显差异。但成单30在重度干旱下表现出更好的水分状况、更低的活性氧损伤以及更高的光合速率。玉米叶肉和维管束鞘叶绿体的NPQ水平及PsbS蛋白含量受干旱诱导明显上升,维管束鞘中的上升更显著,成单30表现尤为突出。不同于仲玉3号光系统II蛋白复合体水平的下降,重度干旱胁迫后,成单30的捕光蛋白三聚体水平在叶肉和维管束鞘细胞中均有所升高。【结论】2个玉米品种的光合机构对干旱胁迫的气孔响应能力相当,但相较仲玉3号,成单30的维管束鞘叶绿体具备更优越的非光化学淬灭能力,这对其更强的非气孔限制的光合耐旱性具有积极意义。 相似文献
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水分胁迫下外源ABA对甘蔗叶绿素荧光特性的影响（英文） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以抗旱甘蔗品种ROC 22与不抗旱品种ROC 16为材料,研究水分胁迫条件下外源ABA对2个甘蔗品种叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,水分胁迫下,ROC 16的叶绿素降解程度高于ROC 22,而外源ABA能够缓解这种降解作用;随着水分胁迫的加剧,两个甘蔗品种叶片的基础荧光（Fo）显著升高,PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）和PSⅡ的潜在活性（Fv/Fo）显著下降,光适应下PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv’/Fm’）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPS2）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）显著下降,表明水分胁迫使甘蔗叶片PSⅡ反应中心受到伤害,施加外源ABA能部分减轻这种伤害,以对ROC 22作用尤为显著。 相似文献
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为探明外源H_2S缓解水稻盐胁迫的作用机理,以水稻日本晴为材料,在水培条件下,研究H_2S对NaCl胁迫下5叶期水稻幼苗生长与活性氧(ROS)代谢和抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明:100mmol/L NaCl处理严重抑制水稻幼苗的生长,诱导ROS的产生,造成氧化损伤;盐胁迫下添加抗氧化酶抑制剂(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠DDC或3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑AT),活性氧(ROS)得不到及时有效分解而高水平累积,加剧了氧化胁迫对植物的伤害;在盐胁迫条件下添加100μmol/L NaHS(外源H_2S供体)处理,能显著增加叶片内H_2S水平,加快活性氧的清除,从而减轻盐胁迫下的膜脂过氧化程度,促进植物生长。H_2S具有抗氧化作用,外施H_2S可提高植物耐盐性。 相似文献
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Jinxi HUO Bing DU Sifan SUN Shaozhen HE Ning ZHAO Qingchang LIU Hong ZHAI 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2018,5(2):206
High concentrations of Cd can inhibit growth and reduce the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants. In several plant species, aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been shown to enhance tolerance to various abiotic stresses by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes; however, few AKRs have been reported to enhance Cd stress tolerance. In this study, the gene IbAKR was isolated from sweet potato. The relative expression levels of IbAKR increased significantly (approximately 3-fold) after exposure to 200 mmol·L−1 CdCl2 or 10 mmol·L−1 H2O2. A subcellular localization assay showed that IbAKR is predominantly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. IbAKR-overexpressing tobacco plants showed higher tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type (WT). Transgenic lines showed a significant ability to scavenge malondialdehyde (MDA) and methylglyoxal (MG). In addition, proline content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher and H2O2 levels were significantly lower in the transgenic plants than in the WT. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes encoding guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants compared to WT under Cd stress. These findings suggest that overexpressing IbAKR enhances tolerance to Cd stress via the scavenging of cytotoxic aldehydes and the activation of the ROS scavenging system. 相似文献
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碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物是一类典型的真盐生植物,属于重要的盐生植物资源,全球广泛分布.人们已经对20种碱蓬属植物进行了观察和盐胁迫实验,研究了不同器官或组织的生理生化特征及其对盐胁迫的反应,并基于这些研究分析了盐胁迫的应答机制.叶片肉质化、细胞内离子区域化、渗透调节物质增加和抗氧化系统能力增强是碱蓬属植物响应和适应盐胁迫的重要方式和途径.但迄今为止的研究工作尚有一定的局限性,主要包括:研究工作主要集中在植物地上部分,而对植物地下部分的研究较少;多是少数生物学指标或生理学现象的单独观察,而缺乏对生理代谢过程的整体和综合分析;针对某种碱蓬的独立分析较多,而与近缘种的比较研究较少;植物对中性盐胁迫的反应研究较多,而对碱性盐的研究较少.为进一步系统阐明碱蓬属植物的耐盐机制,今后的工作应注重碱蓬属植物响应和适应盐胁迫的信号网络和调控机制研究,基于系统生物学研究思路,采用现代组学技术探索该属植物响应盐胁迫的由复杂信号网络调控的特殊生理特征和特异代谢途径. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对烟叶膜脂过氧化特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以烤烟品种ＮＣ８９为材料，研究了干旱胁迫对烟叶膜脂过氧化及其保护酶活性的影响。结果表明，在干旱胁迫下烟叶中超氧物歧化酶活性先上升后下降，过氧化珠酶活性持续上升，过氧化氢酶活性一直下降，丙二醛含量和细胞膜相对透性逐渐增加。 相似文献