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1.
为探明滴灌方式下不同水分处理对陕北风沙区温室油桃生长的适用性,选择5a生早熟油桃"秦光6号",设置3个滴灌处理W1、W2、W3和当地漫灌处理(CK)4个水分处理,当任一滴灌处理的土壤含水率达灌水下限50%θ_f,开始统一灌水,灌水上限分别为90%θ_f(W1)、75%θ_f(W2)、60%θ_f(W3)。经过2017年的预试验处理后,于2018年测定桃树新梢生长量、茎干日最大收缩量(MDS)、叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、果径以及产量和水分利用效率(WUE)等指标。结果表明:新梢生长量和滴灌灌水量呈正相关,各生育期的MDS均值存在显著差异(P0.05);各处理叶片的SPAD值在果实第二膨大期和成熟采摘期差异显著,W2在果实生长期SPAD整体居高。果实的生长情况:CK的成熟果实横径和缝径分别为44.3、46.0 cm,而W2达53.3、55.9 cm;W1和W3的单株果个数较W2(49.3)分别高20.8%和5.7%,CK则低至40.7个;但W2单果重显著高于其他处理,达到106.39 g。W1、W2、W3的果实产量分别为24 446.8、23 303.7、20 777.2 kg·hm~(-1),而CK产量仅为15 845.3 kg·hm~(-1),可见漫灌产量最低,滴灌时重度水分胁迫下减产显著。W1、W2、W3的WUE分别是CK的188.0%、299.0%、614.4%。持续性亏缺灌溉下,处理W2在减产不明显的情况下能保持油桃需水关键期较优的光合作用,提高果实单果重和WUE。  相似文献   

2.
不同生育期水分亏缺对酿酒葡萄产量及品质的效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探究控水滴灌下水分亏缺对酿酒葡萄水分利用效率、产量及品质的影响,分析品质与产量构成因素间的典型相关性,进行了不同生育期水分调控滴灌试验。结果表明:浆果膨大期轻度水分亏缺减产幅度达60%左右,WUE降幅达38%,果实可溶性固形物的含量降低7.0%,且不利于葡萄后期的自然降酸,对酿酒葡萄负面影响最大;着色成熟期轻度水分亏缺可使总糖含量提高22.4%,酸含量降低9.3%,并能提高单宁含量。通过典型相关分析得出:单穗粒数与可溶性固形物、花色苷含量呈正相关,单株穗数与单宁含量呈负相关。  相似文献   

3.
番茄产量对各生育阶段土壤水分的响应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了解不同生育阶段土壤水分状况对番茄产量的影响,根据番茄第一穗果的发育情况,将番茄全生育期划分为苗期、始花结果期、果实生长初期、快速膨大期和品质形成期五个生育阶段,采用五元二次通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,建立产量与土壤含水率间回归模型,对各单一因素效应及两两因素的耦合效应进行分析,并基于Jensen和Blank模型,分析产量对各阶段耗水的敏感性。结果表明,在其它生育阶段土壤含水率为中间水平时,番茄产量随果实生长初期、快速膨大期、品质形成期土壤含水率的增加呈上升趋势,随始花结果期增加呈开口向下的抛物线变化,不随苗期而变化。始花结果期与果实生长初期和品质形成期、果实生长初期与快速膨大期土壤含水率间的交互作用均表现为促进番茄产量的提高。番茄产量对各生育阶段水分亏缺的敏感性依次为品质形成期、果实生长初期、始花结果期、快速膨大期、苗期,相应的Jensen模型水分敏感指数为0.1658、0.1275、0.0941、0.0448、-0.1813。当苗期、始花结果期、果实生长初期、快速膨大期与品质形成期土壤相对含水率分别为50%~60%、90%~100%、90%~100%、90%~100%、90%~100%时,番茄可达最高单株产量1 406.04 g。综合分析表明,保证果实生长初期、品质形成期和快速膨大期灌水,减少苗期灌水,适当控制始花结果期灌水可有效提高番茄产量。  相似文献   

4.
通过盆栽试验,研究了3个土壤水分水平(W1:田间持水量的60%～65%、W2:75%～80%、W3:90%～95%)、两个锌溶液水平(Z0:0%、Z1:0.2%)对番茄生长、果实产量及品质、耗水、水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,随土壤水分的增加,番茄株高、植株生物量显著提高,W3处理的生物量分别比W2、W1高出20.8%和35.9%,但果实产量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,即W2＞W3 ＞W1的变化规律,过高的土壤水分或土壤干旱使果实产量明显降低;叶面喷施锌溶液对生物量的影响不明显,但使W1、W2、W3下的果实产量分别提高9.4%、9.2%和3.1%,且使果实口味改善、品质提高;土壤水分的提高使植株的耗水量增加,却降低了水分利用效率,水分和喷施锌溶液对以生物量计的水分利用效率影响不显著,但对以果实产量计和营养成分计的水分利用效率均达到显著程度,W2Z1处理的水分利用效率最高分别为:WUE产量=61.62 kg/m3、WUEVc=9.56 mg/m3、WUE糖=4.7 g/m3.  相似文献   

5.
以玉米杂交种吉祥1号为材料,在甘肃武威凉州区连续两年研究了灌水时期和灌水量对制种产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：在2012年和2013年玉米生育期降水128．2 mm和98．1 mm条件下,灌水量由480 mm下降到210 mm减少56．2％,两年平均种子产量降低41．6％,每增加1 mm灌水种子产量增加14．05 kg·hm-2,同480 mm高水分处理相比,360、330 mm的中等水分处理减产0．47％～8．26％、8．66％～24．90％。不同时期的灌水效应差异很大,母本吐丝期、大喇叭口期、灌浆中后期少灌水的减产效应大小为：三个时期减少灌水＞两个时期减少灌水＞一个时期减少灌水,一次60 mm灌水在母本吐丝期要比大喇叭口期、灌浆中期减产6．5％、7．2％,一次30 mm灌水相应减产11．2％、8．5％。无论试验年份如何,玉米水分利用效率（WUE）随灌水量、耗水量增加而提高,但较高WUE并未在高水分产量最高的处理,而在中等水分处理。不同灌水量和灌水时期 WUE和灌水效率（IWUE）变化与产量变化相一致,灌水减少若发生在母本吐丝期均降低了 WUE和IWUE,发生在灌浆中期、大喇叭口期却相反。综合考虑产量和水分效率,生育期灌水量减少25％～30％并不降低制种玉米种子产量,母本吐丝期对灌水最敏感,节水应在母本吐丝以前或灌浆中后期进行,以达到节水增产目标。  相似文献   

6.
土壤含水量对温室樱桃番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以樱桃番茄红宝石为研究材料,以5个梯度的土壤含水量(分别为田间持水量的40%~50%、50%~60%、60%~70%、70%~80%和80%~90%)进行处理后,测定并分析植株生长状况、果实品质、产量和水分利用效率的变化规律。结果表明:在土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%~80%时,同化物在樱桃番茄上积累的最多,产量最高,为6.25 kg/m2;在土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%~70%时,樱桃番茄果实品质的各项指标均达到最大值,其中Vc、可溶性糖和干物质的含量分别为652.2 mg/kg,72.8 g/kg,71.8 g/kg,可溶性固形物占总质量的9.8%,水分利用率也最大,为13.9 kg/m3。综合分析水分对植株生长发育、果实品质、水分利用效率和产量的影响,认为土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%~70%,可以作为樱桃番茄生长期间理想的土壤水分控制指标。  相似文献   

7.
2005～2006年在甘肃民勤地区对大田西瓜进行了调亏灌溉试验,结果表明:水分亏缺同时降低了土壤含水率和作物的蒸腾速率,土壤含水率的降低减少了作物的棵间蒸发,二者综合作用降低了土壤的水分消耗速率;开花-座果期的水分亏缺会同时降低西瓜的蒸腾速率、光合速率和单叶片水平的水分利用效率,并且最终会造成产量的下降;座果-膨大阶段轻度水分亏缺处理在复水后获得补偿生长的效应,产量高于充分灌水的对照;各调亏处理均不同程度提高了西瓜的Vc含量和可溶固形物浓度,其中以座果-膨大期进行水分亏缺的处理提高程度最大.综合考虑不同调亏处理对西瓜各项指标的影响,座果-膨大期轻度的水分亏缺不仅提高了果实的Vc含量和可溶固形物浓度,而且与对照相比,产量也有所提高,达到了大量节水而不减产,提高水分利用效率,改善果实品质的综合效应,是实施调亏灌溉的理想阶段.  相似文献   

8.
干旱荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄滴灌控水灌溉试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以13 a生酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄(Merlot)为试材,研究滴灌条件下水分调控对梅鹿辄耗水规律、产量与品质的影响。结果表明,浆果生长期耗水强度达2.64~3.66 mm·d-1,耗水模数占到50%以上,该阶段亏水减产幅度高达61.2%,WUE降低38.5%,同时导致总糖和可溶性固形物含量降低,可滴定酸含量升高;新梢生长期和开花座果期重度亏水对产量影响较小,WUE可提高10%左右;浆果成熟期重度亏水可以显著提高酿酒葡萄总糖和可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,但同时减产幅度为44.7%,WUE降低23%。综合分析认为,本试验中新梢生长期和开花座果期重度亏水、浆果生长期充分供水、浆果成熟期适度亏水是提高酿酒葡萄产量、WUE以及改善果实品质总体最优的水分调控模式。  相似文献   

9.
绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯水分生产函数及灌溉制度优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过田间试验研究了绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯各生育期耗水规律及其影响因素,建立了以Jensen模型为基础的水分生产函数并对马铃薯灌溉制度进行了优化。结果表明:块茎膨大期马铃薯水分敏感指数最大,块茎形成期次之,苗期和淀粉积累期较小;块茎形成期轻度调亏对马铃薯产量无显著影响(P0.05),而块茎形成期中度调亏、块茎膨大期轻度和中度调亏对其产量均有显著影响(P0.05);块茎形成期轻度调亏的水分利用效率比块茎形成期中度调亏、块茎膨大期轻度调亏和全生育期充分灌水分别提高了6.2%、8.3%和6.7%;膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯产量随耗水量增加而增加,水分利用效率随之降低,全生育期充分灌水比块茎膨大期中度水分调亏耗水量增加22.4%,产量增加20.4%,水分利用效率降低14.0%。采用遗传算法并结合水分生产函数进行灌溉制度优化,结果表明:河西绿洲区膜下滴灌马铃薯全生育期灌溉定额为225 mm时,产量最高,为43.86 t·hm-2,灌溉水利用效率为19.5 kg·m-2;灌溉制度为苗期灌水20~30 mm,块茎形成期灌水70~75 mm,块茎膨大期灌水100~115mm,淀粉积累期灌水20~25 mm,灌水间隔为7 d。因此,膜下滴灌调亏在降低马铃薯耗水量的同时,提高了水分利用效率,在块茎形成期轻度水分调亏不影响产量,可达到节水增产的目的。  相似文献   

10.
葡萄地上干物质量包括地上部枝条干物质量和地上部果实生长量,地上部果实生长量可通过实测产量得到,而地上部枝条干物质量则较难测得。本研究用模型模拟来获得葡萄枝条干物质量,通过使用Logistic修正模型、Richards模型、Hoerl模型、蒸汽压模型和高斯模型来模拟葡萄地上枝条干物质量累积过程,并利用实测资料对各模型模拟结果进行验证,优选出Logistic修正模型来描述葡萄地上枝条干物质量生长过程。在此基础上,以地上干物质生长量最大为目标,在不包含埋墩水的情况下,得到葡萄的适宜灌溉定额为430～490 m3·667m-2。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

14.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

15.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

16.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

17.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen.  相似文献   

19.
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots. F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization.  相似文献   

20.
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated.  相似文献   

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