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为评价药物马度米星铵和尼卡巴嗪配伍使用对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的治疗效果,采用人工接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊诱发鸡球虫病的方法,进行马度米星铵与尼卡巴嗪联合用药及单独用药疗效对比试验,结果表明:马度米星铵与尼卡巴嗪配伍使用的抗球虫效果显著,雏鸡增重率为104.42%,抗球虫指数(ACI)为195.53,均高于2种药物单独用药的抗球虫效果,说明马度米星铵与尼卡巴嗪联合用药是一种较为理想的抗鸡球虫方案。该研究为马度米星铵与尼卡巴嗪联合用药治疗鸡球虫病的临床应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁株的抗药性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
使用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)西宁株(Et XN)感染13日龄岭南黄肉鸡,进行该虫株对轻灭(地克珠利,Diclazuril)、马度米星铵预混剂(Maduramicin Aminonium Premix)、球痢灵(磺胺氯吡嗪钠,Sulfachoropyridazine)、球迪2000(盐酸氯丙啉,Amprolium Hydrochloride)4种药物的抗药性研究。以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫活性百分数(POAA)、抗球虫指数(ACI)作为指标进行综合判定。结果表明:该虫株对马度米星铵预混剂具有轻度抗药性,对球痢灵具有中度抗药性,对轻灭和球迪2000具有完全抗药性。 相似文献
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为改善替米考星的水溶性，提高其生物利用度，试验选用聚乙二醇6000和泊洛沙姆188作为载体，采用熔融法制备替米考星固体分散体。以体外累积溶出度为评价指标，通过正交试验筛选最佳制备工艺，选用X-射线衍射法、傅里叶红外光谱法、扫描电镜法进行物相鉴定。结果显示，替米考星固体分散体最佳制备工艺为联合载体PEG6000：P188=20:1、药载比1:3、搅拌时间1 h、固化时间12 h；物相鉴定表明，替米考星为非晶态，固体分散体为晶体结构，替米考星以无定形态分散于载体中；替米考星固体分散体在2 min时溶出度达到71.8%，15 min时完全溶解，显著提高了替米考星的溶出速率。该制备工艺简单，选用联合载体制备替米考星固体分散体，能够有效避免单一载体制备替米考星固体分散体出现的缺陷，有效提高溶出度，方便临床饮水用药。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星固体分散体片的制备及体外溶出度的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高恩诺沙星在水中的溶解度、溶出度,加速内服药物的溶解、扩散、吸收,达到速效、高效的目的,以ＰＥＧ６０００等高分子材料为载体,制备恩诺水利生的固体分散体,分别测定固体分散体与原料药的溶解度以及固体分散体片剂与普通片剂的溶出度,恩诺沙星－ＰＥＧ６０００固体分散体的体外溶出度均达到９５％以上,而普通片剂（自制）为５０％左右,市售片剂为１１％左右。ＥＮＲＯ在水中溶解度为１．０２５８,而普通沙星－ＰＥ 相似文献
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分别以聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)为载体,采用熔融法和溶剂法制备大豆异黄酮固体分散体,对其溶出度进行观察,并以X-射线粉末衍射进行初步的物相鉴定。结果表明:将大豆异黄酮制备成固体分散体后其溶解性有了很大的提高,以大豆异黄酮-PVPK30固体分散体的溶出效果最好。 相似文献
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水溶性氟苯尼考的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用溶剂法固体分散技术制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,增加氟苯尼考的水溶性,提高其生物利用度,为进一步制成理想剂型打下基础。通过高效液相色谱法测定氟苯尼考固体分散体的体外溶解度和溶出度;采用差热分析法鉴别氟苯尼考在载体中的存在状态。结果表明,与氟苯尼考本身相比,固体分散体中氟苯尼考溶解度和溶出度明显增大,氟苯尼考固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的水溶性。 相似文献
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采用固体分散技术制备黄连解毒固体分散体,对其进行处方筛选及正交试验优化工艺,以盐酸小檗碱溶出度为主要指标,从性状、粒度、含量、稳定性等方面评价其质量。结果表明,通过溶剂一熔融法制备黄连解毒散固体分散体最为适宜的条件是：载体和中药散剂的比例为1：3、熔融温度100℃、反应时间1h。制备的黄连解毒固体分散体性质稳定,盐酸小檗碱的平均含量为12．98mg／g,90min时溶出度均可达93％以上。 相似文献
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本研究采用固体分散技术-熔融法制备速释型癸氧喹酯固体分散体,以提高癸氧喹酯溶出速率。分别用聚乙二醇6000、泊洛沙姆188及二者不同比例联合做载体制备癸氧喹酯与载体比为1∶4的固体分散体,通过溶出试验考察其溶出速率,并考察联合载体在增加药物溶出速率上是否优于单一载体。结果表明,各种配比的固体分散体均能加快癸氧喹酯的溶出速率,联合载体制备的癸氧喹酯固体分散体的溶出速率比单一载体的固体分散体快。 相似文献
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研究旨在提高烯丙孕素（altrenogest,ALT）在水中的分散度及其生物利用率。采用溶剂法（乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖）和溶剂-熔融法（聚乙二醇6000、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乳糖）制备ALT固体分散体和缓释硅胶栓剂;分别对ALT的线性关系、固体分散体的稳定性、仪器精密度以及加标回收率进行了考察,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和显微镜法对其表观形态进行观察鉴定分析,缓释试验测定14 d内ALT缓释度。结果显示,ALT在1~12 μg/mL浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系（R2=0.9996）,仪器精密度良好（RSD=0.48%）,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的稳定性考察结果较好,RSD分别为0.57%和0.58%,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的加标回收率数据之间变异较小,回收率较高;原药和固体分散体的红外光谱图和显微镜成像图均表明形成了ALT固体分散体;溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体最优组合为ALT∶乙基纤维素∶羟丙基甲基纤维素∶乳糖=1∶0.6∶1∶6;溶剂-熔融法制备ALT固体分散体的最优组合为ALT∶聚乙二醇6000∶单硬脂酸甘油酯∶乳糖=1∶10∶1.5∶6;溶剂法与溶剂-熔融法制备的缓释硅胶栓剂的缓释试验表明,在0~48 h ALT浓度逐步增加,分别于第144和48 h时达到峰值,分别为37.73和30.46 μg/mL,此后分别维持在21和13 μg/mL以上。通过对比,以溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体缓释效果优于溶剂-熔融法,且该ALT固体分散体的制备方法简单,所用载体原料无毒性,为该固体分散体在体内的进一步应用提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Efficacy of maduramicin ammonium against coccidiosis in turkeys under laboratory and floor-pen conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Experimental infections with field isolates of Eimeria meleagrimitis, E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa in turkey poults were used to test the efficacy of maduramicin ammonium at 2.5-10 ppm in laboratory experiments. Infection with single or mixed species of coccidia reduced the weight gain of unmedicated infected controls and caused 18.1-65% mortality in two experiments. Maduramicin ammonium given at 5-7 ppm prevented mortality, significantly reduced droppings scores and oocyst passage, and improved weight gain to near that of the unmedicated uninfected controls. Maduramicin ammonium was tested at 4-7 ppm in a floor-pen trial lasting 10 weeks. Mortality from coccidiosis averaged 11.9% in unmedicated controls, compared with 0.6% with 4 ppm of maduramicin or no mortality with 5-7 ppm. Average weight gain and feed conversion at 10 weeks were significantly improved over unmedicated infected controls when maduramicin ammonium was given at 5-7 ppm. These results suggest that maduramicin ammonium is highly efficacious against field isolates of Eimeria in turkeys, especially within the range of 5-7 ppm in the feed. 相似文献
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A. Shlosberg A. Harmelin S. Perl G. Pano M. Davidson U. Orgad U. Kali A. Bor M. van Ham G. Hoida B. Yakobson Y. Avidar B.-A. Israeli E. Bogin 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(1):45-58
An experimental feeding trial was conducted in order to substantiate an hypothesis on the aetiology of a previously unrecorded cardiomyopathic syndrome in beef cattle in Israel. It was believed that residues of the ionophore maduramicin (Cygro; American Cyanamid) in poultry litter fed to cattle, after the maduramicin had been incorporated into broiler feed as a coccidiostat, were the cause of the cardiomyopathy. Three groups of 5 heifers were fed for several weeks (1) poultry litter from a field case, containing 4.8 ppm maduramicin; (2) poultry litter to which maduramicin was added to give a concentration of 12 ppm; (3) poultry litter with no maduramicin (control). Clinical, biochemical, necropsy and histopathological findings showed that maduramicin residues are cardiotoxic, even at the lower level of maduramicin fed, which is commonly encountered in poultry litter in Israel. 相似文献
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A method for the detection of curcumin in pig plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established firstly and the pharmacokinetics of curcumin solid dispersion and curcumin premix in piglets were studied. Sixteen healthy piglets (Yorkshire×Changbai), seven-week aged, half male and half female, were randomly divided into two groups receiving curcumin solid dispersant and curcumin premix orally at the dose of 100 mg·kg-1, respectively. Then plasma samples were collected at different time points, and the blood concentration of curcumin was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The WinNonlin 5.2.1 software was used to analyze and calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin solid dispersion and curcumin premix were as follows: the area under the curve (AUC) was (104.53±38.67) and (37.82±11.48) h·ng·mL-1, time to peak concentration (Tmax) was (3.25±0.38) and (2.31±0.37) h, peak concentration (Cmax) was (26.65±9.65) and (9.55±2.75) ng·mL-1, respectively, elimination half-life time (t1/2β) was (3.55±2.17) and (6.93±0.86) h, mean residence time (MRT) was (5.23±0.53) and (4.26±0.47) h. The statistical analysis showed significant differentce (P<0.01) between curcumin solid dispersion and premix in parameters, the Tmax of curcumin solid dispersion was delayed significantly, the Cmax was increased obviously and the AUC was improved after the piglets were given curcumin solid dispersion. Compared with curcumin premix, the relative bioavailability of curcumin solid dispersion was 280.39%. The results showed that curcumin solid dispersion could improve the dissolution and absorption of curcumin in the intestinal tract and improve the relative bioavailability of curcumin, which provided a scientific basis for the development and clinical application of curcumin solid dispersions in the future. 相似文献
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姜黄素固体分散体在猪体内的比较药动学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究首次建立了测定猪血浆中姜黄素的高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS），比较了在内服给药途径下，姜黄素固体分散体和姜黄素预混剂在仔猪体内的药动学特征。选用16头7周龄左右健康二元杂交猪（约克夏×长白），公母各半，随机分为2组，每组8头，按100 mg·kg-1（以姜黄素计）分别灌服姜黄素固体分散剂和姜黄素预混剂，不同时间点采集血浆样品，经提取、净化后采用HPLC-MS/MS测定血浆中姜黄素的药物浓度，使用WinNonlin 5.2.1软件非房室模型计算、分析姜黄素在猪体内的药动学参数。结果显示，仔猪灌服姜黄素固体分散体和姜黄素预混剂后的药时曲线下面积（AUC）分别为（104.53±38.67）和（37.82±11.48）h·ng·mL-1；达峰时间（Tmax）分别为（3.25±0.38）和（2.31±0.37）h；峰浓度（Cmax）分别为（26.65±9.65）和（9.55±2.75）ng·mL-1；消除半衰期（t1/2β）分别为（3.55±2.17）和（6.93±0.86）h；平均驻留时间（MRT）分别为（5.23±0.53）和（4.26±0.47）h，统计分析表明，与预混剂相比，仔猪灌服姜黄素固体分散体后，主要药动学参数差异显著（P<0.01），Tmax明显延迟，Cmax显著提高，AUC明显增大，姜黄素固体分散体的相对生物利用度为280.39%。结果表明，姜黄素固体分散体可改善姜黄素在肠道的吸收，提高姜黄素的生物利用度，为今后姜黄素固体分散体的开发和临床应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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1. The anticoccidial activity of maduramicin ammonium (5 mg/kg food) administered alone or with roxarsone (50 mg/kg food) and/or avoparcin (10 mg/kg food) was evaluated in battery-reared broilers artificially challenged with recent field culture mixtures containing Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella or E. mivati, E. necatrix and E. brunetti. 2. Maduramicin ammonium exhibited a high degree of anticoccidial activity and the addition of roxarsone and/or avoparcin in food at recommended concentrations did not adversely affect the activity. 相似文献
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Anticoccidial evaluation of halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The activities of five anticoccidials were compared against Eimeria species in/of chickens, in controlled in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. Two more recent and potent market entries (maduramicin and halofuginone) were compared with three older polyether antibiotic anticoccidials (monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin). Halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin were evaluated at 3, 125, 5, 120 and 66 ppm, respectively, of active drug in the diets. At these levels, all five drugs demonstrated significant activity against Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. brunetti and E. acervulina (in vivo). Monensin was least effective against E. tenella, and one of the lesser efficacious drugs against E. necatrix, maduramicin, was least effective against E. maxima. In studies of single Eimeria species infections, comparable weight gains were noted for the drugs. In the mixed Eimeria species infections, however, birds treated with maduramicin had significantly higher weight gains than did birds medicated with monensin. Unlike in vivo potencies, titration in vitro indicated that monensin was most potent (active at 10(-6) mcg ml-1), and maduramicin and lasalocid least potent (inactive at less than or equal to 10(-3) mcg ml-1). 相似文献
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用鸡体实验法,以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫百分数(POAA)和抗球虫指数(ACI)等4项指标,分析了一株毒害艾美耳球虫对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠(20％磺胺氯吡嗪钠+4％二甲氧苄啶)、血痢宁(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉)、贝尔球康(又称鸡球虫散,含青蒿、仙鹤草、何首乌、白头翁、肉桂等)、百球清(妥曲珠利)、马杜球败(马度米星铵预混剂)等5种抗球虫药的耐药性.结果显示:该株毒害艾美耳球虫对百球清无耐药性,对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠和血痢宁有轻度耐药性,对贝尔球康无耐药性或轻度耐药性,对马杜球败有完全耐药性.提示该养殖场应停止使用马杜拉霉素,改用妥曲珠利或贝尔球康,但必须进行轮换用药或联合用药,以延长药物的使用寿命. 相似文献
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马杜霉素和泰妙菌素联合应用对雏鸡新城疫抗体水平的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验将不同剂量的马杜霉素和泰妙菌素分别添加到雏鸡的饲料和饮水中同时使用,通过检测不同组别雏鸡血清中ND血凝抑制效价,探讨马杜霉素和泰妙菌素不同剂量联合应用时对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明:正常推荐剂量的马杜霉素5mg/kg与泰妙菌素10mg/kg联合使用时,一般不会对机体免疫造成明显伤害;应用马杜霉素10mg/kg拌料能明显造成机体免疫系统伤害,当其与正常或加倍剂量的泰妙菌素联合应用更会加重对机体免疫功能的不良影响,致使抗体水平下降。 相似文献
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为了探讨马杜霉素对肉仔鸡免疫器官的影响,试验选择体重相近的1日龄肉仔鸡200只,在日粮中分别不添加马杜霉素(Ⅰ组)和添加5.0 mg/kg(Ⅱ组)、7.5 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)、10.0 mg/kg(Ⅳ组)的马杜霉素,连续饲喂4周,测定各组雏鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数。结果表明:5.0 mg/kg马杜霉素3周对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育有一定促进作用,但3周后呈现一定的抑制作用;用7.5 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg马杜霉素饲喂1周即可抑制免疫器官的生长发育,其抑制作用能持续至停药后1周,但在停药3周后基本恢复正常。说明马杜霉素对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育的抑制作用呈现一定的量效和时效效应。 相似文献