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对云南药用野生稻7个不同居群的稻瘟病、纹枯病、白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病抗型表型进行鉴定,筛选抗源,并检测已克隆的抗稻瘟病、抗白叶枯病基因在它们中的存在情况。结果表明:用云南稻瘟病菌毒性菌株16t接种云南药用野生稻7个居群,除勐海药野(7)表型为感病外,其他6个居群均为抗病;勐遮药用野生稻(4)和景纳上沟药用野生稻(1)分别不含Pib和Pi2基因片段,其他5个居群都含有Pib、Pi2、Pi9、Pid2、Pikp、Pis和Pi56等基因片段;所有的参试药用野生稻高抗纹枯病;除勐往药野(13)和澜沧孟矿药野(14)对细菌性条斑病菌菌株RS105表现为感病和勐遮药野(5)对菌株RS1-20表现为感病外,其他材料对菌株RS105和RS1-20都表现为抗病;云南白叶枯病菌强致病性菌株CX30-1、菲律宾菌株PXO99和PXO86对景纳上沟药用野生稻(1)和澜沧孟矿药用野生稻(14)具有强致病性,其他居群表现为抗病至中抗;7个居群都含有Xa5、Xa13、Xa21基因片段。本文首次报道了云南药用野生稻多个居群类型对4种主要病害的抗性,这些结果为深度挖掘利用云南药用野生稻资源的有效抗病基因奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为鉴定云南稻种质资源对水稻白叶枯病的抗性情况,于孕穗期采用剪叶接种方法,用水稻白叶枯病强致病型代表菌株BD8438、CN9404和X1接种云南野生稻和地方稻种质资源,以病斑长度大于6 cm为感病分界线,对其抗感表现型进行调查分析。结果显示,共鉴定出来源于云南省不同种植生态区的186份地方稻抗性材料和22个野生稻抗病居群。野生稻对水稻白叶枯病的抗病能力较地方稻强,其中疣粒野生稻的抗性最强,抗病等级为0~2;药用野生稻次之,抗病等级为1~2;普通野生稻相对较差,抗病等级为1~5。地方稻抗性资源来自于云南省各个传统水稻种植区,抗性1级的材料占17%,抗性2级的占2%,抗性3级的占81%;按照稻种质资源亚种类型、粘糯性和水旱性分类,各类型地方稻抗性材料所占比例分别为粳稻占61%、籼稻占39%;粘稻占66%、糯稻占34%;水稻占83%、陆稻占17%。从利用抗白叶枯病基因培育新品种的角度评价,这些抗性资源具有潜在的发掘利用价值。 相似文献
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云南疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病鉴定及叶片组织学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用水稻白叶枯病菌强致病性代表菌株,评价了云南省自然分布的疣粒野生稻代表生态居群18份材料的抗病性,观察叶片组织学结构,初步分析了疣粒野生稻的抗性基因。结果表明,16份材料表现中抗、高抗甚至免疫;9份材料对4个菌株的抗性有一定差异;同时发现云南地方代表菌株X1和CN9404的致病性比C1和BD8438强。叶片组织学结构表明,高抗材料与感病的栽培稻米泉黑芒都无蜡质层,二者的叶肉组织、薄壁细胞和表皮细胞相同,表皮毛、维管束、厚壁组织等的差异也不明显,不足以引起抗病性差异。疣粒野生稻高抗或免疫白叶枯病并非借助其特殊叶片结构的物理作用,而主要是抗病基因的作用。参试疣粒野生稻中没有与Xa1、Xa21同源的基因,加之独立进化,推断其具有新的优异抗白叶枯病基因,值得深入研究和发掘利用。 相似文献
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野生稻是水稻抗性育种的宝贵遗传资源,目前世界许多国家对野生稻资源的搜集、评价和利用都十分重视.稻白叶枯病是水稻三大病害之一,几十年来国内外学者虽经多方努力,但迄今仍无较理想的防治药剂,惟有抗病品种既可防治病害,又简而易行,并不污染稻谷和农业环境,有利于维护稻田生态平衡.为了发掘更多更好的新抗源,使抗性基因多样化,1980年来,我们特对广西普通野生稻进行了抗白叶枯病测定.供测材料共1630份.在测定中,以田间人工接菌为主,全部经过初筛和复筛,有的还进行了多菌株稳定性测定.每次测定均加入栽培稻我国通用抗感对照种IR26和全刚30号.据测定结果:①不同来源普通野生稻间的抗性存在着明显的差异,同一类型不同分布地,同一分布地不同类型、甚至同一分布地同一类型野生的抗性也不尽相同.按初步统计,抗性好的81份,占4.97%;抗性较好的247份,占15.15%;较感病的256份,占15.71%;感病的1046份,占64.17%.③所发掘的抗性材料,因各自存在有不同的自然杂交现象,故这些材料并非都是一个抗性纯合体.为更好地提供利用,尚需采用花培或连续逐代套袋与再抗性鉴定,以纯合抗源.③野稻叶片太长,抗性也较好,进行抗白叶枯病测定,不宜采用栽培稻现行分级标准.本测定均量叶片病斑长度,且与同日期接菌的IR26作比较,凡比IR26病 相似文献
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通过多菌株接种法，三年共测定了１６个水稻品种或组合对稻白叶枯病的抗感性，结果为：早稻８３７、鄂早６号和Ｖ优４９均具中度抗病性；中稻杨稻４号、杨辐籼２号、２５９和ＤＶ８５，具广谱高抗性；中染汕优６３和两系杂交稻ＷＳ／ＣＹ８５－４１属感病型，Ｗ６１５４Ｓ／特青属“一般抗病型”；晚稻组中，杂交稻汕优６４和Ｖ优６４都属感病型，鄂宜１０５在晚稻植期测定为感病型。 相似文献
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对广东省将推广的54份杂交稻组合对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗病性进行了鉴定。对稻瘟病的抗病性鉴定表明:抗病组合共49个,占90.7%;其中,高抗(抗性比≥91%)组合30个,占55.6%。对稻白叶枯病的抗病性鉴定表明:没有高抗(HR)和抗(R)的组合,仅有一个杂交稻组合(西胜2175)表现为中抗(mR),仅占1.9%,其余53个组合都表现感病,占98.1%。进一步分析表明:对稻瘟病表现高抗的30个杂交稻组合都不抗白叶枯病,而中抗白叶枯病的杂交稻组合西胜2175对稻瘟病表现为中抗,抗性比为74%。 相似文献
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国内水稻白叶枯病病原菌系研究进展黄世文（中国水稻研究所杭州３１０００６）水稻白叶枯病（ＸａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＰＶ．ｏｒｙｚａｅ）在我国东南沿海稻区近年有加重的趋势。为更有效地选育抗病品种，以及准确地评价抗源材料在某地区的抗性表现及... 相似文献
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Erysiphe graminis 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1996,49(6):405-421
The effects of infection by the powdery mildew fungusErysiphe graminisf.spavenaewere studied in one line of wild oat (Avena fatua), and two cultivars, Lustre and Peniarth, of cultivated oat (A. sativa) to determine if the wild oat was more tolerant of infection than the two cultivated oats. Seven weeks after inoculation, when the plants were 10-weeks-old with fully expanded flag leaves, the fungus had colonized approx. 40% of the leaf surfaces of wild oat and cv. Lustre but only about 30% of the leaf surfaces of cv. Peniarth. The lower leaves of cv. Peniarth were at least as susceptible, if not more so, than those of the other two lines but the upper leaves, including the flag leaf, were much more resistant. Although cv. Peniarth supported the production of about half the number of mildew conidia as the wild oat and cv. Lustre its total dry weight and grain yield were reduced to the greatest extent. The wild oat was clearly much more tolerant of mildew infection than cv. Peniarth and slightly more tolerant than cv. Lustre. The greater tolerances of the wild oat and cv. Lustre compared to cv. Peniarth appeared to be due to the lower sensitivities of their metabolism to the activities of the mildew fungus. 相似文献
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Pak Dolar You Ming Pei Lanoiselet Vincent Barbetti Martin J. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(2):343-355
Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) has become a serious disease on commercial rice (Oryza sativa) crops in northern Australia and is present there on wild rice (O. australiensis). Characterisation of the host range of P. oryzae is fundamental to both reducing disease spread and to preventing development of epidemics via better management of Poaceae inoculum reservoirs in Australia. Studies on response of three different wild O. australiensis sources toward four isolates of P. oryzae showed all genotypes very susceptible to three isolates [WAC13466 (race IA-1), BRIP53376 (race IB-3), NT2014a (race unknown)], but resistant to isolate BRIP39772 (race IA-3). Studies to investigate levels of blast disease development following inoculation on a range of Poaceae hosts showed both P. oryzae isolates (WAC13466, BRIP53376) were highly virulent on barley (disease index, DI?=?100%), and on Phalaris and O. australiensis (DI?=?70%). However, isolate BRIP53376 showed a significantly higher level of aggressiveness (DI ~80%) on ryegrass, wild oat and rice. Of the two wheat cultivars tested, only one cultivar showed disease and only from WAC13466 (DI ~30%). Sweet corn and goosegrass were also susceptible to both blast isolates, but DI was <50%. That P. oryzae was virulent across these diverse Poaceae hosts, highlights, for Australia, the possibility for these species in, first, harbouring P. oryzae isolates highly virulent to commercial rice, second, fostering spread of rice-attacking P. oryzae strains into regions currently free of rice blast, and third, potential for these alternative host species to encourage development of more virulent host-specific strains of P. oryzae. The current study is an important step towards facilitating improved crop protection in the medium and long term from reducing P. oryzae disease epidemics via a better understanding and management of inoculum reservoirs in Australia.
相似文献13.
The four main wild rice species are: Oryza rufipogon Griff, embracing a wide range of “red rice” types closely related to O. sativa L.; O. longistaminata Chev. & Roehr, a rhizomatous perennial; O. barthii Chev. the annual wild rice of West Africa; and O. punctata Kotschy ex Steud, a small seeded annual. The distribution and importance of these species are discussed in relation to the different systems of rice growing. Annual wild rice problems are favoured by dry sowing followed by flooding. For cultural control, soil puddling and direct sowing into water are recommended. In a series of pot experiments with O. punctata and rice, 18 herbicides were shown to be at least partially selective, including: alachlor, butachlor, S-4-chlorobenzyl diethyldithiocarbamate (B-3015), 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxymethyl)-4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan (WL 29226), 3-(α α-dimethylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1-phenylurea (K 1441), isoproturon, metamitron, molinate and perfluidone. B-3015 was the most selective of these but the selectivity of alachlor and molinate could be greatly increased and became comparable to B-3015 when the crop seed was dressed with the protectant 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA). Other herbicides for which NA provided a protective effect were: butachlor, metolachlor (CGA 24705), epronaz, ethofumesate, perfluidone and 4,4,4-trichloro-2-phenylbut-1-ene (Dowco 221). 相似文献
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The germination and growth of three strains of gooseweed (Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.) that showed susceptibility, moderate susceptibility, and tolerance for foliar-applied 2,4-D isobutyl ester were studied in the laboratory and greenhouse. The plants were isolated from samples collected from major rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing areas in the Philippines. The seeds of all three strains possessed dormancy; light stimulated germination but did not completely overcome dormancy. Without N application, stem elongation and leaf production did not differ among the strains. With 60 kg N ha?1, the susceptible and moderately susceptible strains responded better than the tolerant strain, the difference being apparent at 6 weeks after emergence. Measurements of the leaf cuticle showed significant differences among the strains starting at the 8- to the 10-leaf stage, a trend that paralleled their response to 2,4-D. Adding a surfactant to the spray formulation nullified the differential responses. Implications for managing the weed and correlations with current field observations are discussed. 相似文献
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Over 100 isolates of Rhizorhapis suberifaciens, Sphingobium (Sb.) sp., Sb. mellinum, Sb. xanthum, Rhizorhabdus sp., and Sphingopyxis sp. (Sphingomonodaceae) were tested for pathogenicity on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars Salinas and Green Lakes, susceptible and resistant, respectively, or their resistant descendent breeding line (B.L.) 440‐8, to R. suberifaciens type strain CA1T. Rhizorhabdus sp. CA15 and NL2, R. suberifaciens CA3, and Sphingopyxis CA32 were equally virulent to Green Lakes or B.L. 440‐8 and Salinas. Over 40 accessions from four Lactuca species were tested for resistance to R. suberifaciens CA1T/CA3 or Rhizorhabdus sp. CA15/NL2. All lettuce accessions with resistance to CA1T were susceptible to isolates CA15, NL2 and/or CA3. None of the Lactuca lines were highly resistant to all four isolates. There was a significant differential interaction between eight Lactuca lines and ten isolates of Rhizorhapis and related genera with respect to corky root severity. Three strains of isolates were distinguished: (i) isolates with a similar virulence pattern as R. suberifaciens CA1T, (ii) isolates with a virulence pattern similar to that of R. suberifaciens CA3 and Sphingopyxis sp. CA32, and (iii) isolates of Rhizorhabdus being moderately aggressive to all Lactuca lines. Thus, strains belonging to several genera can cause similar symptoms (a rare phenomenon) but have different virulence patterns on Lactuca species and cultivars. 相似文献
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为明确不同野生葡萄株系对霜霉病的抗性差异,以18个种的46份野生葡萄株系为试材,采用叶盘法鉴定其对霜霉病的抗性,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)技术对部分关键基因进行定量分析,探讨其在不同抗病株系中的表达模式差异。结果表明,46份野生葡萄株系的病情指数为0～34.72,其中17份为感病株系,病情指数在25.93～34.72;21份为抗病株系,病情指数在5.32～24.35;5份圆叶葡萄株系均表现为免疫,病情指数为0.00;云南-元谋2、云南-2和木扎岭-3为高抗株系,病情指数分别为1.81、4.40和1.62。当被霜霉病菌侵染后,抗病株系和感病株系中的PAL、PR1、TLP和NPR1基因的诱导表达模式不同;与感病株系相比,抗病株系中的TLP、PR1和NPR1基因有强烈的诱导表达,PAL基因在感病株系比在抗病株系中表达量高。在免疫株系普莱德和高抗株系云南-元谋2中,NPR1与其它3个基因的表达模式差异最大;TLP在抗病株系蘡薁-林县中与其它3个基因的表达模式差异最大;在感病株系秋-嵩县中,NPR1与TLP表达模式相近,PAL和PR1表达模式相近。研究表明,在中国野生葡萄种质中,云南-元谋2、云南-2和木扎岭-3对霜霉病有良好的抗性,可作为抗病育种的原始材料;抗性基因可能在抗病株系中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in wild Brassica species and the importance of Sclerotinia subarctica as a Brassica pathogen 
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下载免费PDF全文 Brassica crops are of global importance, with oilseed rape (Brassica napus) accounting for 13% of edible oil production. All Brassica species are susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a generalist fungal pathogen causing disease in over 400 plant species. Generally, sources of plant resistance result in partial control of the pathogen although some studies have identified wild Brassica species that are highly resistant. The related pathogen S. subarctica has also been reported on Brassica but its aggressiveness in relation to S. sclerotiorum is unknown. In this study, detached leaf and petiole assays were used to identify new sources of resistance to S. sclerotiorum within a wild Brassica ‘C genome’ diversity set. High‐level resistance was observed in B. incana and B. cretica in petiole assays, whilst wild B. oleracea and B. incana lines were the most resistant in leaf assays. A B. bourgeai line showed both partial petiole and leaf resistance. Although there was no correlation between the two assays, resistance in the detached petiole assay was correlated with stem resistance in mature plants. When tested on commercial cultivars of B. napus, B. oleracea and B. rapa, selected isolates of S. subarctica exhibited aggressiveness comparable to S. sclerotiorum indicating it can be a significant pathogen of Brassica. This is the first study to identify B. cretica as a source of resistance to S. sclerotiorum and to report resistance in other wild Brassica species to a UK isolate, hence providing resources for breeding of resistant cultivars suitable for Europe. 相似文献
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Montserrat Ramírez-Suero Anas Khanshour Yves Martinez Martina Rickauer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(4):517-530
Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by formae specialis of Fusarium oxysporum on a large number of cultivated and wild plants. The susceptibility of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to Fusarium oxysporum was studied by root-inoculating young plants in a miniaturised hydroponic culture. Among eight tested M. truncatula lines, all were susceptible to F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in alfalfa. However, a tolerant line, F83005.5, and a susceptible line, A17, could be
distinguished by scoring the disease index. The fungus was transformed with the GFP marker gene and colonisation of the plant
roots was analysed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. A slightly atypical pattern of root colonisation was observed,
with massive fungal growth in the cortex. Although colonisation was not significantly different between susceptible and tolerant
plants, the expression of some defence-related genes showed discrimination between both lines. A study with 10 strains from
various host-plants indicated that M. truncatula was a permissive host to F. oxysporum. 相似文献