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1.
为给小麦基因组中某一基因区域的测序与分析奠定基础,以小麦7B和7D染色体上的10个BAC克隆为材料,运用Large-Construct Kit和TOPO TA cloning kit两个商品化的试剂盒及HydroShearDNA剪切仪建立了BAC shotgun文库构建的技术体系,即利用该体系可以获得高纯度的BAC 20-50μg以及DNA 3-5 kb的目标小片段,5-20 min即可完成连接,一次转化可获得2000个重组克隆。利用这一方法,现已构建了10个小麦BAC shotgun文库,这些文库可为小麦基因组特定区段的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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细菌人工染色体（BAC）具有容量大、遗传稳定、易于操作等优点，在基因组研究和基因功能分析等方面得到了广泛应用。对BAC文库克隆载体的类型、小麦BAC文库的构建及其应用进行了综述，并对其前景进行了展望。细菌人工染色体载体是由大肠杆菌的F-因子发展而来，第一代BAC克隆载体pBAC1081能容纳300kb的片段，但它只具有转化选择标记．没有重组选择标记。第二代载体是将LacZ基因插入到多克隆位点中形成具有重组选择标记类型的载体如pBeloBACll，在该载体的基础上经过改造和改进又发展了一些特殊用途的载体，如富集基因类型和遗传转化类型的载体。近年来利用这些载体构建了小麦二倍体、四倍体、六倍体基因组BAC文库以及小麦特定染色体BAC文库，井以单克隆或混合池的形式保存。这些小麦BAC文库对于小麦基因克隆、基因组及基因区物理图谱的构建以及比较基因组学等方面的研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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小麦基因组研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从小麦遗 传连锁图、小麦物理 图谱和细胞遗 传学阶梯 图的构建 以及小麦 基因组标 图和比较标图的策略等方面系统地阐述了有关 小麦基因组的研究进展。目前,小麦 ７ 个部分同源群 染色体的全部 Ｒ Ｆ Ｌ Ｐ 图谱、普 通小麦完整的 ２１ 条 染色体的遗传图谱 以及圆锥 小麦、粗山 羊草的部 分染色体 的遗传连 锁图均已构建;小麦 １ Ｂ 染色体和第二、第三、第四、第五、第六、第 七群染色 体的物理 图谱均已 建立;小麦基 因组标图和小麦 族内以及小麦与 黑麦、大麦、燕 麦、水稻、玉米 等作物间 的比较标 图研究也 已取得了突破性进展。 相似文献
5.
玉米磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因高效表达载体构建及其导入小麦的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为获得具有C4光合特征的高光效转基因小麦材料,利用从玉米中克隆的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因(pepc,GenBank接受号为FJ415327)构建高效双元表达载体,通过基因枪介导法将其导入小麦品种(系)中,利用Real-time PCR方法分析外源基因在转基因植株中的拷贝数.PCR和双酶切鉴定表明,玉米PEPC cDNA序列已插入双元表达载体pCAMBIA3301中,命名为p3301-pepc;对获得的抗性再生植株进行PCR扩增,其中有342株扩增出目的条带;在选取的15株转基因植株中7株拷贝数为1,3株拷贝数为2,2株拷贝数为3,拷贝数为5、8和17的分别为1株.初步证明玉米pepc基因已整合到小麦基因组中,且外源基因在转基因植株中既有单拷贝插入,也有多拷贝插入,这为进一步研究该基因在小麦基因组中的功能表达提供了试验材料. 相似文献
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小麦极系特性地耐旱涝是很重要的，然而还不清楚软红粒小麦品种间根差异以及根系大小与耐旱涝的相关程度，本研究旨在观察小麦基因型间根系是否存在差异及极系大小同耐涝和营养生长初期干旱的相关性。研究发现４０个溶液培养４ｗｅｅｋ的小麦基因型根鲜重，苗鲜重、４０ｃｍ以上根数，最大根长和总根长存在差异，这些性状中每一性状均与其它性状呈正相关，从４０个小麦基因型中选择１２个根系大小不一样的基因型有温室作３ｗｅｅｋ的 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜-新疆野生油菜二体异附加系BAC文库的构建 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
甘蓝型油菜-新疆野生油菜二体异附加系包含了甘蓝型油菜全基因组和新疆野生油菜一对染色体,携带有恢复基因;以该二体异附加系为材料,以CopyControl&;#8482; pCC1BAC&;#8482; (Hind Ⅲ Cloning-Ready) Vector为载体,构建了其基因组的BAC文库（bacterial artificial chromosome library）。该文库含有69,120个克隆,平均插入片段达110kb,相当于甘蓝型油菜单倍体基因组大小的6.336倍。随机挑选3个大于100kb的克隆进行稳定性继代实验,经100代后插入的DNA片段仍然稳定存在。该材料BAC文库的建成,为我们下一步开展甘蓝型油菜基因组学研究及相关重要功能基因的克隆等提供了必要的技术平台。 相似文献
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茶树新梢cDNA文库的构建和ESTs测序成功率初步分析 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
报道了国内第一个茶树cDNA文库的构建及其EST测序成功率分析。以Trizol一步法从龙井43春茶新梢中提取总RNA,分离纯化富含Poly (A)的mRNA,LD-PCR反转录合成双链cDNA,以λTripEX2为载体,构建了龙井43新梢cDNA文库。以XL1-Blue为受体菌测定原始文库的滴度为6.8×105 pfu/ml,总克隆数为3.5×105个,重组率为98.05%,扩增后文库总滴度为7.2×109 pfu/ml。对随机挑取的噬菌斑进行PCR鉴定,表明插入片段大多分布在0.5-2.0 kb之间,绝大部分在1.0-1.5 kb左右。文库质量鉴定结果表明,构建的茶树新梢cDNA文库具有较好的库容量、较高的重组率以及较大的插入片段。对4320个克隆的序列测定表明,获得有用序列2963个,测序成功率为68.5%,剔除短序列后,首批共获得1687个茶树ESTs。 相似文献
9.
为了优化小麦高通量TILLING突变体扫描所需基因组DNA提取的方法,对利用SDS法、改良SDS法、CTAB法、改良CTAB法、AxyPrep DNA提取试剂盒、Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit试剂盒以及再生Qiagen硅胶柱方法提取的小麦基因组DNA进行了系统比较。结果表明,尽管7种方法所提取DNA的纯度及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果均良好,但再生Qiagen硅胶柱方法、CTAB法和改良SDS法的DNA浓度显著高于其他方法。根据小麦细胞分裂素氧化酶基因1(TaCKX1)的DNA序列设计引物,以新鲜DNA样品用于PCR扩增大于1 000bp的片段时,后4种方法扩增效果优于前3种方法;DNA在-20℃下保存100d后重新进行PCR扩增时,则只有Qiagen试剂盒和再生Qiagen硅胶柱2种方法提取的DNA能扩增出大于1 000bp的片段。采用本实验室与新西兰坎特伯雷大学合作建立的再生硅胶柱与自配提取液提取小麦基因组DNA,既保证了DNA的高质量,又降低了使用试剂盒的成本,为小麦TILLING库的构建及其他相关试验提供了一种经济有效的DNA提取方法。 相似文献
10.
本研究在温室幼苗筛选试验中确定19个小麦、2个大麦、1个燕麦、1个小黑麦和1个一粒小麦基因型抗苏联麦蚜的水平。所有小麦栽培种和高代品系及大麦栽培种都是易感的。小黑麦(TX33000)和一粒小麦(PI266844)基因型为中抗,小麦引进种PI372129和Colorado37’燕麦为抗性。在有7个和24个基因型2个试验中,接种后7d、12d和17d测定的相关关系(r)达高度显著(+0.83-+0.98)。尽管春化作用和移栽使大部分基因型存活率下降,但在所有试验中PI372129幼苗的存活是最好的,显示出对苏联麦蚜群体的显著抗性。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
18.
D. R. Lynch R. L. Wastie H. E. Stewart G. R. Mackay G. D. Lyon A. Nachmias 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):297-304
Summary The phytotoxic components of the culture filtrate of the fungusAlternaria solani Sor, which causes early blight in potato, were used in this study to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes
selected to represent a range of reactions when screened in the field. Detached leaflet assays, using spores and toxic metabolites
from the culture filtrate, were compared with field ratings and a whole-plant glasshouse test. Rank correlations between several
detached leaflet tests were highly significant (P<0.01) but the correlations between these tests and the glasshouse and field tests were poor. The disease ratings obtained
in the various tests were clustered into four groups and assigned to resistance classes. For many of the genotypes there was
a good correspondence between resistance classes for all test methods. Divergent results between tests were associated with
foliage maturity characteristics of the genotypes.
Contribution no. 3879050 of the Lethbridge Research Station. 相似文献
19.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
20.
为了明确淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2(Y2)的促生长机制,通过摇瓶培养,检测其溶磷解钾固氮活性;通过盆栽试验,探索Y2对玉米生长量和溶磷解钾量的影响。结果表明,在第7天时,Y2固氮量为2.9 mg/L,解钾量为13.5μg/mL;在第4天时,溶磷量达732μg/mL。与空白对照相比,Y2发酵液能增加玉米株高28.29%,根长27.21%,叶宽18.56%,鲜重80.93%,干重66.67%;提高土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为20.42%、111.01%和17.24%,提高植株氮、磷、钾含量45.46%、120.17%、68.45%。研究结果表明,Y2活化土壤中难溶性磷、钾和具有固氮能力,并能促进植株对氮、磷、钾营养的吸收利用。 相似文献