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蓟马是缨翅目昆虫的统称,虫体微小,多数为植食性,以锉吸式口器刺吸植物为害。蓟马繁殖力强,世代重叠严重,暴发频次高,是重要的农林害虫类群之一。蓟马为害行为和其信息素以及相关的嗅觉行为密切相关。本文分别从蓟马信息素的种类、触角的感受机制及信息素在防治中的应用等几个方面进行了综述,并对蓟马综合防治的应用前景进行了展望,以期在蓟马的综合防治中提供理论依据与指导。 相似文献
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性信息素是昆虫两性通讯的化学信号, 在物种繁衍中担当着重要的角色。以性信息素为基础的害虫诱杀和交配干扰等防治手段具有灵敏度高、选择性强、对天敌安全、不污染环境等优点, 在害虫综合治理和绿色防控体系应用中深受青睐。棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 是一种世界性农业害虫, 具有适应能力强和寄主广泛的特点, 条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾。以棉铃虫为代表的醛类性信息素的生物合成和调控过程, 是目前研究较早也较为透彻的一类性信息素。本研究概述了棉铃虫性信息素的组分和功能, 生物合成时的信号转导途径和调控机制, 以及性信息素前体的生成和特异性组分的碳链修饰过程, 并总结了当前研究的不足, 旨在为今后的基础研究和生产应用提供指导。 相似文献
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由于化学农药的过度使用,导致害虫抗药性急剧增强,应用性信息素已成为综合治理害虫的重要手段.文章综述了昆虫性信息素在虫情预测、诱杀防治、迷向防治等方面的应用现状与前景. 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis是世界性重要检疫性害虫之一,不仅直接取食危害作物而且传播病毒,从而造成极为严重的经济损失。由于西花蓟马在我国具有广泛的适生范围,随其入侵我国并随之传播的番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus)已在我国不同地域发现,对经济作物已形成严重威胁。本文综述了西花蓟马对番茄斑萎病毒的获取、携带和传播扩散过程及其病毒在蓟马体内的循环过程和机理,总结了影响西花蓟马传播番茄斑萎病毒效率的因素,并评述了西花蓟马-病毒-植物这一互作系统及其对西花蓟马生长发育适合度的影响,以期为我国西花蓟马传播番茄斑萎病毒的基础研究和防控提供理论依据与指导。 相似文献
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昆虫类信息素研究进展及应用前景 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
昆虫信息素具有微量、高效、无毒、不伤害天敌、不污染环境等优点,在害虫综合治理中发挥着重要作用。然而,天然信息素的高挥发性和在空气快速氧化以及合成成本高等问题限制了其在害虫综合治理中的实际应用。与天然信息素相比,昆虫类信息素具有更好的物理、化学和毒理性等优点,可以弥补天然信息素的不足,现已成为国内外的研究焦点。本研究对昆虫类信息素的概念与类型、研发与合成、特性及应用前景等方面进行归纳总结,阐述了利用昆虫类信息素在害虫综合治理上的研究状况,并展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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昆虫性信息素是昆虫性成熟后求偶时所分泌的能引诱同种异性个体以进行交尾的微量挥发性化学物质,具有种的特异性,因此广泛应用于害虫的监测与防治。近年来,我国在昆虫性信息素的工业化合成、纯化、稳定,缓释生产工艺的改进和完善,各种干式诱捕器的开发研制,智能化性诱测报技术研发,以及多种害虫田间性诱实用技术试验示范方面取得了一系列进展,极大地促进了重大害虫的监测预报和绿色防控。本文详细介绍和比较了群集诱杀技术的诱芯、诱捕器种类及其应用特点,交配干扰技术的释放器及其智能化的原理、种类和应用特点;系统总结了求偶与交配之间的关系、性信息素引诱力和专一性,以及生物和非生物因子对群集诱杀和交配干扰效果的影响;总结了群集诱杀和交配干扰技术在水稻、玉米、蔬菜、果树、棉花等作物重要害虫中的应用进展。最后,分析了当前性信息素技术研发与推广应用中仍存在的问题,并提出了改进对策及建议。 相似文献
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植食性害虫主要取食植物的茎叶、果实、花蜜等,并且常对某些食物表现出明显的偏好性。植物挥发物在害虫食物偏好选择行为中发挥着重要作用。基于害虫偏好食源或其挥发物研制的食诱剂(也称"植物源引诱剂"),是一类重要的害虫绿色防控产品。20世纪初人们就开始利用发酵糖水、糖醋酒液等传统食诱剂进行害虫诱集防治。随着对害虫食源挥发物中信息物质认识的不断深入,通过组配天然提取或人工合成的挥发物组分,先后研制出实蝇、夜蛾、蓟马、甲虫等多类害虫的新型食诱剂。这些食诱剂大多对雌、雄害虫均有效,已在橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis、地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata、棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella、西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis、西方玉米根萤叶甲Diabrotica virgifera virgifera、纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda等重要害虫的监测和防治中发挥了重要作用。本文总结了已有食诱剂研发与应用过程中的经验和教训,并对今后食诱剂的发展方向与重点方面进行了分析和展望,以期促进植食性害虫食诱剂及其田间使用技术的创新发展。 相似文献
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Christopher P. Haines 《Pest management science》1976,7(6):647-649
In spite of the obvious advantages of storage systems for pheromone use, few attempts have been made to investigate the practical effectiveness of pheromones in such systems. The sex pheromone complex of Ephestia cautella (Walker) is described, and the possible natural functions of the components are suggested. Trials with the synthetic pheromones show that mating frequency of the moth can be reduced by slow release of the materials in a warehouse. The prospects for the use of pheromones in pest management in stores are discussed. 相似文献
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The review describes the history of pheromone research in Israel in 1975–2015. The research focused on sex pheromones of moths that were important agricultural pests. Identification, synthesis and field application of sex pheromones was performed. Synthetic procedures of several known sex pheromones were developed. Monitoring and control of key pest moths was evaluated. The interactions of pheromone components of closely related species were studied in field and laboratory experiments. The sex pheromones of three scale insects, two mealybug species and Matsucoccus josephi were studied. New syntheses were developed and the pheromones were implemented in pest management. Structure activity relationship of the pheromonal and kairomonal of the M. josephi pheromone was investigated. Different pherotypes of P. ficus were identified and evaluated. The aggregation pheromone of sap beetles in combination with food baits was evaluated. The aggregation pheromone of the almond bark beetle was identified and a stereospecific synthesis of its enantiomers was developed. Monitoring the pest in stone fruit orchards was implemented. The activity of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) was studied in Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis peltigera. The ligation technique was used to assess the effect of PBAN on the production of female and male pheromones. A structure-activity relationship study of PBAN indicated that shorter peptides display activity as the full length PBAN. A series of linear and cyclic peptide analogs was prepared, resulting in the discovery of a lead antagonist. The research and development activity facilitated the intensive integration of pheromones in the pest management regimes in Israeli agriculture. 相似文献
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Derek G. Campion 《Pest management science》1976,7(6):636-641
Sex pheromones may be used for the control of insect pests by causing communication disruption for long enough to decrease mating and therefore diminish subsequent larval infestations. Such an approach presents the problem of maintaining the pheromone concentration at a high enough level in the field for weeks or even months. To overcome this difficulty two systems are at present generally employed; the establishment of a relatively small number of large pheromone sources in suitable dispensers at fixed points in the treatment areas, or using a very large number of small sources by microencapsulating the pheromone which can then be applied directly to the crop by conventional methods. Recent field experiments carried out using both these methods are described, and problems and future prospects discussed. 相似文献
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Sunamura E Suzuki S Nishisue K Sakamoto H Otsuka M Utsumi Y Mochizuki F Fukumoto T Ishikawa Y Terayama M Tatsuki S 《Pest management science》2011,67(10):1230-1236
BACKGROUND: Except for sex pheromones, use of pheromones in pest management has been largely unexplored. A high concentration of trail pheromone disrupts ant trail following and foraging, and thus synthetic trail pheromone can be a novel control agent for pest ants. In this study, a year‐long treatment of small areas (100 m2 plots of urban house gardens) with synthetic trail pheromone, insecticidal bait or both was conducted to develop a novel control method of the invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr). RESULTS: The ant population could be maintained lower than or similar to the initial level only by combined treatment with synthetic trail pheromone and insecticidal bait. Actually, the ant population was nearly always lowest in combination treatment plots. Throughout the study period, the ant population in plots treated with either one of synthetic trail pheromone or insecticidal bait remained similar to no‐treatment plots. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment may be a more effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling invasive ants than conventional methods. Extermination of ants by insecticidal bait and inhibition of re‐infestation by pheromone may be the mechanism of the combination effect. This is the first study to show a significant effect of synthetic trail pheromone on ant population. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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信息素是昆虫信息交流和信号传递的“化学语言”,能调节和控制昆虫的行为和生理变化。从本质上来讲,昆虫信息素就是有机化合物,不同昆虫的信息素在结构和成分配比等方面存在差异。昆虫信息素种类众多,根据作用机制可分为释放信息素和启动信息素;根据发挥的功能可分为性信息素、聚集信息素、报警信息素和标记信息素等。它们通过接收者的化学感受系统被识别和接收,过程十分复杂。目前,昆虫信息素在害虫防治、生物监控和保护以及促进昆虫授粉等多个领域被广泛应用。为后续进一步研究和利用昆虫信息素,该文从昆虫信息素结构差异和演化过程、分类和功能、传播和感知方式以及在生产实践中的应用等方面进行总结和综述,并对昆虫信息素的研究进行展望。 相似文献
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Inhibition of pheromone response in Sesamia nonagrioides by the pheromone of the sympatric corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübn.) are two corn borers present in the Mediterranean area that share a similar feeding habitat. The female sex pheromones of the two species consist of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-hexadecenal and dodecyl acetate (77:8:10:5 w/w) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 w/w) respectively. Although the pheromones share no common components, previous work had shown the inhibition of the response by O. nubilalis males to their own pheromone owing to the presence of S. nonagrioides pheromone. In this study, the pheromone of O. nubilalis and its two components separately were shown to inhibit the attraction of S. nonagrioides males to the synthetic female pheromone in both laboratory wind-tunnel bioassay and field trapping studies. In the wind tunnel, the number of contacts of S. nonagrioides males with the source were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by the single pheromone components of O. nubilalis. In the field, the addition of 1% of O. nubilalis pheromone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the catches of S. nonagrioides males. The components of both pheromones also elicited electroantennographic responses from antennae of male S. nonagrioides moths. The ecological consequences and the possibilities of applying this cross-inhibition for mating disruption techniques are discussed. 相似文献