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1.
采用滚动式挤压造粒法,通过配方筛选成功制备了70%增效型吡虫啉水分散粒剂(WG),并考察了增效剂胡椒基丁醚(PB)对制剂的热贮稳定性、表面张力及杀虫活性等性能的影响。优化配方(以质量分数计)为:吡虫啉原药(71.9%),增效剂PB(1.0%),分散剂MORWET-EFW(2.5%)、MORWET D-425或Tesperse 2700(5.0%),崩解剂硫酸铵(3.0%),粘结剂聚乙二醇(2.0%)和载体[m(白炭黑):m(高岭土)=1:4] 14.6%。所制备的70%增效型吡虫啉WG热贮(54℃±2 ℃)14 d后有效成分降解率为1.27%(≤1.5%);其表面张力无明显改变;润湿分散性良好,悬浮率≥90%。对蚜虫的室内毒力测定结果显示,含有PB的70%吡虫啉WG的毒力是不含PB成品的6～7倍,表明PB具有极显著的增效作用。 相似文献
2.
为明确2,2,2-三氟乙基苯并[1,2,3]噻二唑-7-甲酸酯(以下简称TBTC)对蔬菜病害的诱导抗病效果,以黄瓜霜霉病Pseudoperonospora cubensis为研究对象,进行了该化合物在盆栽及田间小区条件下的诱导抗病效果(以下简称诱抗效果)试验。结果表明：供试化合物对黄瓜霜霉病具有较好的诱抗活性,其中,盆栽试验中250 mg/L的处理的诱抗效果为77.50%±1.79%,相应对照诱导抗病剂苯并噻二唑（BTH）的诱抗效果是71.72%±2.58%, 对照杀菌剂50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂500 mg/L处理的防效为71.46%±3.01%;两年的田间试验结果显示,供试化合物250mg/L的处理对霜霉病的最高诱抗效果达到83.94%±2.09%,而BTH的诱抗效果是69.41%±1.79%, 50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂250mg/L的防效是85.90%±2.35%,表明TBTC在田间能够诱导黄瓜产生对霜霉病的诱抗效果。 相似文献
3.
几种微生物提取物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病及机理的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
筛选能显著诱导马铃薯块茎抗晚疫病的微生物源激发子,并探讨其诱导抗病性机理。分别将31种微生物的发酵液(F-0)以及其中真菌和放线菌的胞内提取物(F-1)、胞壁提取物(F-2)单独或复配后诱导处理马铃薯块茎切片,对其中诱导抗病效果显著的激发子进一步分析其中的有效诱抗物质及诱导处理后的生理变化。获得了9种较好的激发子,诱抗效果均达50%以上,其中放线菌A5295发酵液型激发子诱抗效果最高,达63.97%,且单一激发子复配后诱抗活性更高,其中MK与A5295的复配型激发子诱抗效果最好,达66.67%。MK和A32910b发酵液中有效诱抗物质均为饱和硫酸铵沉淀(A组分)、以及硫酸铵沉淀后再用乙醇沉淀(B组分)所得的物质。诱导处理后块茎中POD、PAL、PPO活性均明显高于对照,且在抗性表现出之前迅速增加达到峰值。此外,块茎中可溶性蛋白含量比对照增加41.53%,并有一些新蛋白产生。结果表明复配激发子比单一激发子诱抗活性更高,激发子中有效诱抗物质均为A和B组分,诱导的抗病性可能与块茎中POD、PAL、PPO活性增高,可溶性蛋白含量增加以及新蛋白质的产生有关。 相似文献
4.
本文研究了我国具有自主知识产权的新型化合物氟唑活化酯诱导大白菜对根肿病的抗病效果及诱导技术。荧光染色观察发现该化合物对根肿菌休眠孢子没有明显的杀死作用,但具有明显的诱导抗病效果。不同的诱导浓度、诱导间隔期和诱导次数对根肿病的诱抗效果均不同。温室盆栽试验结果显示,25 mg/L的氟唑活化酯间隔7 d诱导大白菜3次,对根肿病的防病效果最好,达到71.33%,与诱抗剂苯并噻二唑效果相当,显著高于杀菌药剂50%氟啶胺悬浮剂拌土的防效(63.32%)。田间从苗期开始用氟唑活化酯25 mg/L诱导大白菜3次,诱导间隔期为7 d,对根肿病的诱抗效果最好达69.99%±2.01%,略低于对照杀菌剂氟啶胺拌土施药。本文明确了新型诱抗剂氟唑活化酯诱导大白菜对根肿病的抗病效果,并系统研究了施药技术,为白菜根肿病的防治提供了新手段。 相似文献
5.
木霉菌是广泛应用并具有良好防治效果的植物病害生防真菌。市场上木霉菌制剂多是分生孢子为主要成分的可湿性粉剂,存在着货架期短,生产和使用时有粉尘污染等问题。为了解决木霉菌应用上的这一瓶颈问题,提高木霉菌的应用价值,本研究针对木霉菌T4在高产厚垣孢子发酵培养基及工艺优化的基础上,对其水分散粒剂的工业化生产工艺进行了研究。确定以硅藻土为载体,3%稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠,0.4% UV保护剂抗坏血酸,4%崩解剂可溶性淀粉,3.2%粘结剂淀粉,利用摇摆湿法进行造粒,得到1×108cfu/g的木霉菌T4水分散粒剂。在田间防治番茄灰霉病,花期或者发病初期首次用药,施药浓度为300～500倍稀释液,施药间隔期为7 d,总共用药3次。结果显示,最佳使用浓度为300倍稀释,对番茄灰霉病的防治效果达到71.85%,与50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂1000倍稀释液防治效果相当,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
7.
为筛选防治柑橘沙皮病的高效低毒药剂,连续两年进行了新型复配药剂50%克菌丹·啶氧菌酯水分散粒剂防治柑橘沙皮病的田间药效试验,对该药剂防治柑橘沙皮病的效果及安全性进行了评价。两年的试验结果表明:50%克菌丹·啶氧菌酯水分散粒剂有效成分用量625 mg/kg对柑橘沙皮病具有较好的防治效果,2018年药剂处理两次后对柑橘叶片和果实沙皮病的防治效果分别为78.46%和76.84%,2019年药剂处理两次后对柑橘叶片和果实沙皮病的防治效果分别为78.79%和75.59%,显著优于对照药剂80%克菌丹水分散粒剂800 mg/kg的处理,优于对照药剂22.5%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂150 mg/kg的处理。50%克菌丹·啶氧菌酯水分散粒剂对柑橘安全,值得应用于柑橘沙皮病防治的示范与推广。 相似文献
8.
《农药科学与管理》2021,(8)
为解决樱桃特色小宗作物无药可用的现状,组织开展了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防治樱桃褐斑病的室内活性、安全性以及田间防效试验。室内活性试验结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和代森锰锌对樱桃褐斑病菌均具有较高的活性,21d的EC_(50)值分别为0.019 65mg/L和6.41mg/L,对照药剂多菌灵在试验浓度范围内无抑制作用。安全性试验结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂在田间推荐剂量下对樱桃树安全,安全系数分别为400%和200%。田间药效试验结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂在田间使用剂量下防效较高,均为80%左右,且持效性较好。综合以上结果,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂可以做为防治樱桃褐斑病的安全、有效药剂,根据病害发生情况田间推荐使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的制剂量为1 000～2 500倍液,80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的制剂量为600～1 200倍液。 相似文献
9.
用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂、2%武夷菌素水剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油、30%醚菌·啶酰菌悬浮剂、枯草芽孢杆菌S44菌株悬浮液等6种药剂对新疆焉耆垦区加工辣椒白粉病进行防治试验。结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂1 000倍液、2 000倍液和50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂2 000倍液对辣椒白粉病的防治效果分别为95.65%、89.54%和88.23%。10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂2 000倍液可作为焉耆垦区辣椒白粉病的首选药剂,可与50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂2 000倍液交替使用。 相似文献
10.
20%印楝素水分散粒剂的配方研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、黏结剂等助剂的筛选,确定了20%印楝素水分散粒剂的最佳配方(以质量分数计)为:有效成分质量分数为40%的印楝素干粉50%,润湿剂拉开粉3%,分散剂萘磺酸甲醛缩合物(NNO)为5%,崩解剂硫酸铵为4%,乳化剂0201B为5%,黏结剂聚乙烯醇0.1%,填料为白炭黑。进一步确定了该制剂的配制方法及生产工艺,测定了产品的性能。结果表明,该产品分散性好,悬浮率大于90%,润湿时间小于20 s,崩解时间小于2 min,(54±2)℃、14 d后的热贮分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。 相似文献
11.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
12.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
13.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
14.
During a survey conducted from 1998 to 2002, Fusarium proliferatum was found associated with young and adult palms belonging to the genera Chamaerops, Phoenix, Trachycarpus and Washingtonia showing symptoms of wilt and dieback. The fertility and toxicological profile of 36 strains representing different locations and hosts were studied. All of them except two, which were infertile, belonged to mating population D. Both mating types (MATD-1 and MATD-2) were isolated from the same host species, showing a high potential of genetic recombination in the field. Additionally, eight strains were fertile once crossed as female. Toxin analysis showed differences in the ability of strains to produce fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid and fusaproliferin. Only 17 of them produced all the toxins analyzed. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Phoenix dactylifera and P. canariensis using nine F. proliferatum Spanish strains and two reference strains from Saudi Arabia. Eight months after inoculation all strains caused disease, with palms showing lesions on the bases of leaves and development of wilt symptoms similar to those originally observed in affected plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. proliferatum on P. dactylifera in Spain and also the first report of this pathogen on C. humilis, P. canariensis, P. reclinata, T. fortunei, W. filifera and W. robusta. 相似文献
15.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
16.
Takeshi Toda Toshihiro Hayakawa Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu Shigeharu Yaguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):379-387
Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UR isolates) were obtained from creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass with reddish brown sheath and foliar rots.
Because the UR isolates anastomosed with isolates of three varieties of Waitea circinata (var. oryzae, var. zeae, and var. circinata), colony morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were compared. The colony color of mature UR isolates was distinct from
isolates of the other three varieties of W. circinata. In pathogenicity tests on creeping bentgrass, the severity of the disease caused by UR isolates was significantly higher
than that caused by the three varieties of W. circinata. Sequence similarities of the rDNA-ITS region between UR isolates and between isolates within each variety were high (97–100%),
but they were lower among isolates from UR and the varieties of W. circinata (88–94%). In a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequences, UR isolates formed a cluster separate from each of the
clusters formed by the three varieties of W. circinata. These results indicate that the UR isolates clearly differ from the three varieties of W. circinata. We therefore propose that the UR isolates be classified as new Rhizoctonia sp. that are closely related to W.
circinata and that the disease on creeping bentgrass should be called Waitea reddish-brown patch disease (Sekikasshoku-hagusare-byo
in Japanese). 相似文献
17.
H. J. Miller J. D. Janse W. Kamerman P. J. Muller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(2):55-68
Corynebacterium fascians, which causes leafy gall, has been shown to be responsible for the unusual symptoms recently found in lilies. The symptoms are described and the different bacterial isolates compared by biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments. No evidence could be found for the existence of specialized strains even though considerable variation in virulence could be demonstrated. Although the role of variation in susceptibility of the different lily cultivars should not be underestimated, it would appear that high inoculum levels ofC. fascians in the soil may be largely responsible for these outbreaks.Also included in this study are the results of biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments ofC. fascians which has been isolated fromKalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaea, Hebe andVerbascum.Samenvatting Reeds een aantal jaren was in lelies een woekering in stengelbollen bekend, die echter sporadisch voorkwam en economisch van weinig betekenis was. Tijdens de zomer van 1977 echter trad de ziekte op één enkel perceel zo ernstig op dat zeer aanzienlijke oogstderving het gevolg was. Behalve de stengelbol kan ook de hoofdbol misvormd zijn. Bovendien kunnen misvormde stengelbollen lange spruiten vormen, zgn. sabeltandvorming. Soms is het wortelstelsel gereduceerd; in de kas zijn verdikte stengels waargenomen. De ziekte staat nu bekend onder de naam woekerziekte.Door de PD te Wageningen en het LBO te Lisse werd de bacterieCorynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dows. uit het zieke materiaal geïsoleerd. In gezamenlijk onderzoek werd nagegaan of de bacterie de veroorzaker is van bovengenoemde symptomen en of hier sprake is van een op lelie gespecialiseerde stam.Biochemische en serologische vergelijkingen tussen isolaten vanC. fascians uit lelie,Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaeea, Hebe enVerbascum laten zien dat er zeer weinig verschillen bestaan. Alle isolaten reageren op een standaard antiserum met titers variërend tussen 1: 640–1: 5120.Een oriënterende inoculatieproef werd uitgevoerd op het LBO in 1977. Daarna werden op de PD 10 van de 25 isolaten uit lelie en 8 uit andere waardplanten getoetst op lelie, chrysant en lathyrus. Uit de inoculatieproeven blijkt, dat de bacterie de veroorzaker is van de waargenomen symptomen. Tussen de isolaten blijkt een groot verschil in pathogeniteit te bestaan (12–100% aantasting), zonder dat dit aan herkomst gebonden is. Het voorkomen van op lelie of andere waardplanten gespecialiseerde stammen is daarom niet aan te nemen.In hoeverre de hevige aantasting een gevolg is van een opbouw van de bacterie-populatie door een te nauwe vruchtwisseling en mechanische rooimethoden moet worden nagegaan. 相似文献
18.
Meira Bar-Eyal Edna Sharon Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):427-433
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against
plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and
in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than
the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also
against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。 相似文献