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1.
加州新小绥螨是世界商品化品种,近年在国内首次发现。本文在25℃,RH(80±5)%,光周期16L:8D的条件下研究了加州新小绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨3种螨态(卵、幼螨及若螨)的捕食喜好性,并与拟长毛钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨的功能反应进行了比较。结果表明,相对于朱砂叶螨卵(Ci为-0.09)与幼螨(Ci为-0.07),加州新小绥螨更喜食若螨(Ci为0.06)。当朱砂叶螨卵密度高于20粒时或若螨密度高于15头时,加州新小绥螨的捕食量显著高于拟长毛钝绥螨。两种捕食螨对朱砂叶螨3种螨态的功能反应均为HollingⅡ型,加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨3种螨态控制能力(a'/Th值)均强于拟长毛钝绥螨。加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨卵、若螨的理论最大捕食量分别比拟长毛钝绥螨的高出35.0%、37.1%;对幼螨的理论最大捕食量仅比拟长毛钝绥螨低8.0%。  相似文献   

2.
为探究加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus(McGregor)对侧多食跗线螨Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks)的潜在控制能力,在温度19～31℃、相对湿度(75±5)%条件下应用捕食功能反应模型研究了加州新小绥螨对侧多食跗线螨各螨态的捕食作用。结果表明,加州新小绥螨对侧多食跗线螨的卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的选择性捕食系数分别为0.64、1.50、0.77和1.09。不同温度条件下,加州新小绥螨对侧多食跗线螨的捕食功能反应均属于Holling II型,对猎物幼螨和雌成螨的控制能力最强;28℃时加州新小绥螨的捕食能力最强,对侧多食跗线螨卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的攻击系数分别为0.45、0.97、0.79和0.82;最大日捕食量分别为27.10粒、71.94、32.79和35.21头。加州新小绥螨的捕食作用存在较强的种内干扰反应,随着捕食者密度增加,捕食作用率下降,28℃时捕食作用率与其自身密度的关系为E=0.4345P~(-0.6278)。表明加州新小绥螨对侧多食跗线螨有很好的控制潜力。  相似文献   

3.
为明确巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的捕食功能反应和对其种群的潜在控制能力,在实验室相对湿度85%±5%、光照L∥D=16h∥8h、5个温度梯度16、20、24、28℃和32℃下进行捕食功能反应和个体间干扰反应试验,并在25℃下研究了巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的种群控制能力。结果表明:在16~28℃温度范围内,巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型,随着温度升高,攻击系数、捕食能力、最大日均捕食量均升高,而处理时间缩短;28℃时捕食量达到最高,处理时间最短,当温度高于32℃时捕食量开始下降。二斑叶螨密度固定时,巴氏新小绥螨的平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而逐渐降低,说明巴氏新小绥螨存在明显的相互干扰作用。巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨种群的控制能力,随着益害比的增加,二斑叶螨种群数量显著下降,益害比在一定比值内时巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨种群表现出明显的控制能力。其中当益害比为5∶30时二斑叶螨种群数量在第6天就能得到控制。  相似文献   

4.
荔枝叶螨Oligonychus litchii Lo et Ho是一种重要的农业害螨,寄主范围广,在荔枝产区为害严重。为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans对荔枝叶螨的潜在控制能力,采用功能反应和数值反应,分析了胡瓜新小绥螨在不同温度下对荔枝叶螨卵和若螨的捕食效应以及胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨种群密度效应的影响。结果表明:胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨卵和若螨均有较强的嗜食性,但对雌成螨几乎不取食。在20.5~32.5℃时,胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨若螨和卵的捕食功能反应均拟合HollingⅡ型方程,20~29℃时,胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨卵和若螨的处理时间、瞬间攻击系数随着温度的升高而降低,对卵和若螨的最大日捕食量则随着温度升高而增大。在28~29℃时,胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨若螨和卵捕食能力最强、捕食量最大,处理时间最短,但当温度达到32℃以上时捕食量开始减小。另外,胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨种群的控制能力,随着益害比的增加,荔枝叶螨种群数量明显下降,当益害比为5:10时荔枝叶螨种群数量在第9 d下降了40.78%。综合分析表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对荔枝叶螨卵和若螨具有一定的捕食作用,捕食的最适温度为28~32℃,在荔枝叶螨种群密度较低时释放胡瓜新小绥螨可起到一定的控害效果。  相似文献   

5.
尚素琴  刘平  张新虎 《植物保护》2016,42(3):141-144
为明确巴氏新小绥螨[Neoseiulus barkeri(Hughes)]对西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]初孵若虫的捕食效应,在相对湿度RH 85%±5%,5个温度梯度16、20、24、28、32℃,光照L∥D=16h∥8h条件下选取西花蓟马的初孵若虫进行捕食功能反应。结果表明:巴氏新小绥螨对西花蓟马初孵若虫的捕食功能反应属于HollingⅡ型方程。在16~28℃温度范围内,巴氏新小绥螨对西花蓟马初孵若虫的攻击系数、捕食能力、最大日捕食量均随温度升高而增加,处理时间则缩短,28℃时日捕食量最高达14.471 8头,处理时间最短为0.069 1d。温度达到32℃时,捕食量下降。当西花蓟马初孵若虫的种群密度一定时,巴氏新小绥螨的平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而降低。说明猎物密度固定时巴氏新小绥螨存在明显的相互干扰作用。  相似文献   

6.
为全面掌握加州新小绥螨四川种群的种群特征,本试验运用两性生命表开展了以朱砂叶螨为猎物的加州新小绥螨四川种群的生长发育、繁殖与捕食率研究。结果表明,加州新小绥螨四川种群不同发育阶段重叠,在雌成螨产卵期结束前雌成螨特定年龄-阶段存活率Sxj明显高于雄成螨。单位时间（12 h）特定年龄-阶段繁殖力fx5、特定年龄繁殖力mx最大值分别为1.74和1.12粒/雌,单雌总产卵量为49.28粒。种群内禀增长率为0.27/d、周限增长率为1.31/d、净增殖率为26.61粒/个体、世代平均周期为12.34 d。在未成熟阶段,加州新小绥螨各螨态特定年龄-阶段捕食率Cxj均呈双峰型,雌成螨和雄成螨捕食率均随时间明显波动。加州新小绥螨取食朱砂叶螨的转化率为4.55、内禀捕食率为0.54、周限捕食率为1.72头。以朱砂叶螨为猎物时,加州新小绥螨四川种群表现出较好的个体发育、种群增长和捕食能力,可作为控制朱砂叶螨的生防资源,值得进一步研究和开发利用;同时朱砂叶螨可作为加州新小绥螨四川种群人工繁殖选择的猎物之一。  相似文献   

7.
为明确加州新小绥螨对卢氏叶螨的捕食潜力,采用捕食功能反应研究了加州新小绥螨对卢氏叶螨各螨态的捕食作用。结果表明,在19～31℃温度下,加州新小绥螨对卢氏叶螨的捕食作用属于Holling Ⅱ型,28℃时捕食能力最强,a/Th为51.9750;对卵、幼螨和若螨的选择系数分别为0.87、0.90、1.22;对各螨态的控制能力大小依次是幼螨 >卵 >若螨。同一密度下,加州新小绥螨对卢氏叶螨若螨的寻找效应随着温度的升高先增大后减小,28℃时最大,为0.9074;同一温度下,寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而减小,猎物密度为16头时最小,为0.3367。加州新小绥螨对猕猴桃卢氏叶螨具有较强的捕食能力,具有开发利用价值。  相似文献   

8.
于人工气候箱（23±1℃、RH70%±5%、光照（D∶L=16h∶8h）条件下,在菜豆叶片制作的叶碟上,比较了栗真绥螨与黄瓜新小绥螨对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的功能反应。结果表明：黄瓜新小绥螨和栗真绥螨对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型模型,分别为Na=0.763×Nt/（1＋0.152Nt）和Na=0.257×Nt/（1＋0.032Nt）,对西方花蓟马初孵若虫的攻击率分别为0.763和0.257,处理时间分别为0.199d和0.125d,日最大捕食量分别为5.0头和8.0头。  相似文献   

9.
为明确加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus对苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi的控制潜力,在实验室条件下测定加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态的捕食功能反应、捕食选择性及加州新小绥螨自身密度对其捕食的干扰效应。结果表明:在25℃时,加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态的功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型圆盘方程;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵的捕食能力最强,为40.3,对幼螨、第1若螨、第2若螨和雌成螨次之,捕食能力分别为36.9、17.3、15.2、3.6;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵、幼螨、第1若螨、第2若螨和雌成螨的日最大捕食量分别为34.5粒、26.3、13.5、12.2和3.0头;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨有较强的嗜食性,选择系数分别为1.4、1.5、1.1,对第2若螨和雌成螨没有嗜食性,选择系数分别为0.9和0;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨的总捕食量随自身密度增大而增大,但单头捕食量和捕食作用率随着自身密度增大而下降,其捕食作用率E与自身密度P的关系模型为E=0.050P-0.544。表明加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态尤其是卵、幼螨和第1若螨均有较强的控制潜力。  相似文献   

10.
加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨的控制作用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为明确加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus（McGregor）国内种群对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Boisduval）的控制潜力,应用功能反应、数值反应及实验种群生命表参数评价了该捕食螨对朱砂叶螨的控制能力。加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨的功能反应能很好地拟合Holling Ⅱ方程。在25℃,加州新小绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨的功能反应参数a/Th值分别为42.4195、81.6275、54.3044和17.9399,对朱砂叶螨幼螨、若螨和卵的控制力高于成螨。在19~31℃,加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨雌成螨日均捕食量和对猎物的控制能力a/Th随温度升高而增大,在31℃时达最大值,分别为10.80头和29.5364。在28℃时,加州新小绥螨的净增殖率和内禀增长率分别为26.1522和0.2213。表明加州新小绥螨国内种群表现出重要的生物防治潜能。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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