共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用2015-2017年江苏省连云港市小麦高产创建万亩示范片33个点次试验资料,对小麦品种淮麦33产量构成因素进行分析。相关分析表明,穗粒数、千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关(r=0.6453**,r=0.7059**),穗数与产量呈微弱正相关(r=0.0712)。籽粒产量与穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的多元回归方程为:Y=-22151.30+15.85X1+270.48X2+261.70X3。通径分析表明,穗粒数对籽粒产量的作用最大(直接通径系数Py=1.0632),其次是穗数(直接通径系数Py=0.7327),千粒重的作用相对较小(直接通径系数Py=0.3303)。淮麦33的高产栽培技术应在适宜群体的基础上,主攻穗粒数,同时兼顾粒重的提高。 相似文献
2.
为探究中强筋小麦品种阜麦9号的产量结构配置及其丰产优质高效栽培技术途径,利用2013-2016年度安徽省小麦区域试验和生产试验的数据资料,对阜麦9号产量及其构成因素进行了系统分析。结果表明:阜麦9号的产量结构为穗数666.0×10~4穗/hm~2,穗粒数30.2粒/穗,千粒重46.7g;产量构成因素的变异系数大小为穗粒数穗数千粒重,产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为穗数穗粒数千粒重;偏相关分析表明,产量构成因素与产量间呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数大小为穗数穗粒数千粒重,各产量构成因素间均呈极显著负相关;产量构成因素与产量间线性回归关系极显著,阜麦9号产量形成的64.4%以上是由产量构成因素贡献的,所构建的回归方程为Y=-16118+12.979X_1+205.959X_2+206.393X_3;通径分析表明,产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数均为正值,大小为穗粒数穗数千粒重,产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数均为负值。阜麦9号的丰产优质高效栽培,应在合理控制穗数的基础上,通过协调穗数和穗粒数的关系,增加穗粒数,稳定千粒重。 相似文献
3.
《种子》2020,(5)
为探讨京花12号的产量构成因素对产量的影响及相互关系,以2014—2017年北京市小麦预备试验、区域试验和生产试验的数据资料为依据,对京花12号的产量与产量构成因素进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:京花12号平均穗数659.58×10~4穗·hm~(-2),穗粒数26.78粒,千粒重41.78 g;产量三要素与产量的相关程度为穗数千粒重穗粒数;偏相关分析表明,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重与产量间呈显著或极显著正相关,各产量构成因素间相互制约;回归分析表明,穗数(X_1)、穗粒数(X_2)、千粒重(X_3)与产量(Y)间的线性回归关系极显著,京花12号产量形成的65.315%是由产量构成三要素直接贡献的;通径分析表明,穗数对京花12号的产量贡献最大,穗粒数次之,千粒重相对较小。根据分析结果得到京花12号的高产栽培策略,即在合理增加穗数的基础上,主攻穗粒数、同时兼顾稳定穗粒重来提高产量。 相似文献
4.
南方稻区早籼产量与主要经济性状的分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为揭示主要经济性状对南方稻区早籼产量的影响规律,采用相关、通径、主成分和回归分析方法,对2009—2011年南方稻区早籼区域试验29个水稻品种或组合的产量及主要经济性状进行统计分析。结果表明：经济性状的变异系数最大的是有效穗(12.78%);偏相关分析结果表明产量与有效穗(0.5632**)、千粒重(0.7456**)呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明早籼产量信息的主要因子是粒数因子、贡献率为39.93%,生育期因子、贡献率为20.28%,粒重因子、贡献率为17.30%;从主成分第一特征向量分析结果看,负荷量较大因子是每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数,前3个主成分累积贡献率就达到77.51%。通径分析表明4个产量构成因素的直接通径系数的大小依次为：总粒数(Py2=0.9601)>千粒重(Py4=0.7309)>结实率(Py3=0.6872)>有效穗(Py1=0.5411)。回归分析结果表明早籼产量的72.56%是由有效穗、总粒数、结实率、千粒重决定。据此结果,提出了早籼高产育种和高产栽培的主攻方向。 相似文献
5.
为研究黄淮南片小麦产量构成三要素对产量影响的相对重要性,对黄淮南片2011~2012年度冬水组试验的28个小麦品种(系)的产量及产量构成因素进行相关分析和通径分析。结果显示,产量构成因素的变异系数大小顺序为千粒重>穗粒数>有效穗,产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为有效穗>穗粒数>千粒重;偏相关分析显示产量构成因素与产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数顺序为有效穗>穗粒数>千粒重,有效穗与穗粒数、穗粒数与千粒重呈极显著负相关;产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数都为正值,顺序为穗粒数>有效穗>千粒重。结果表明,黄淮南片高产小麦的选育在种质创新程度上偏低,产量水平稳定在6500~9000kg/hm2。根据黄淮南片小麦生态条件特点,应该选育多穗型品系,提高穗粒数,增加千粒重。 相似文献
6.
山东省区试小麦产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析 总被引：26，自引：8，他引：18
采用相关和通径分析法,对山东省2008～2009年度小麦高肥组区试165个小麦品种（系）的产量及其构成因素进行统计分析。结果表明：产量构成因素的变异系数大小为：666.7m2穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重;产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为：666.7m2穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重;偏相关分析,666.7m2穗数和千粒重均与产量呈极显著正相关,穗粒数与产量呈显著正相关,产量构成因素之间的偏相关均极显著负相关;三个产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数都为正值,这与偏相关分析的结果是一致的。根据分析结果和山东省生态条件及目前种植条件特点,小麦高产育种和高产栽培应以选育和选用多穗型大群体品种为主,同时要稳定穗粒数,提高千粒重。 相似文献
7.
不同抗条锈基因小麦品种(系)农艺性状分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
运用变异性分析、相关分析、偏相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析方法,对含有不同抗条锈病基因的15个小麦新品系进行遗传性状的分析,以探讨抗性品种产量的影响因素之间的相互关系。结果表明,各农艺性状与产量的相关系数为:每公顷穗数(0.8240)>穗粒重(0.7490)>千粒重(0.4035)>单穗结实小穗数(0.1346)>穗粒数(-0.0575)>株高(-0.1892);偏相关系数为:每公顷穗数(0.5705)>穗粒重(0.3766)>千粒重(-0.2565)>穗粒数(-0.2396)>株高(-0.2296)>单穗结实小穗数(-0.0646);直接通径系数表示为:每公顷穗数(0.6100)>穗粒重(0.3717)>千粒重(-0.1728)>穗粒数(-0.1347)>株高(-0.1335)>单穗结实小穗数(0.0369)。产量因素与产量的回归方程Y=1475.106+2332.5384X4+5.7208X5。通径分析结果表明:千粒重,穗粒数,每穗结实小穗数是通过单穗产量提高产量。分析表明,抗锈小麦品系产量的提高应协调各产量因素的关系,这对抗条锈病基因聚合以及高产抗病育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
优质稻新组合宜优99产量结构相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对宜优99的产量（y）及其产量构成因素的通径分析，结果表明：产量（y）与有X1和每穗粒数X2及千粒重X4呈极显著正相关，与结实率X3呈显著正相关；各产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数（P）和贡献率（rp），由大到小依次为有效穗数X1〉每穗粒数X2〉千粒重X4〉结实率X3。 相似文献
9.
以驻大麦4号为材料,用2009-2015年度河南省区域试验和大麦品种展示数据汇总资料,进行驻大麦4号产量与产量构成因素相关性和通径分析.结果表明:驻大麦4号平均穗粒数51.39粒/穗,千粒重32.73 g,有效穗数568.79×104穗/hm2.株高、有效穗数和穗粒数变异系数较大.穗粒数和有效穗数与产量正相关,且穗粒数与产量相关系数达到极显著水平,千粒重与产量显著负相关;产量构成因素间相互制约,穗粒数与有效穗数负相关,与千粒重极显著负相关,有效穗数与千粒重负相关.产量与产量构因素间回归方程决定系数达到极显著水平,即驻大麦4号产量形成的89.8％以上是由产量构成因素贡献的.通径分析表明,穗粒数对驻大麦4号产量贡献最大,其次是有效穗数,千粒重相对较小;间接通径系数均为负值,说明驻大麦4号产量构成因素间制约作用较强,在适宜基本苗条件下,通过合理肥水运筹,稳定穗数,增加穗粒数,提高产量. 相似文献
10.
11.
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has become a perennial, serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western United States. Current methodologies used to enhance RWA resistance in wheat germplasm could benefit from
an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying resistance to RWA. This study was initiated to identify specific
polypeptides induced by RWA feeding that may be associated with RWA resistance. The effects of RWA feeding on PI 140207 (a
RWA-resistant spring wheat) and Pavon (a RWA-susceptible spring wheat) were examined by visualizing, silver-stained denatured
leaf proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of protein profiles of noninfested
and RWA-infested Pavon and PI 140207 revealed a 24-kilodalton-protein complex selectively inhibited in Pavon that persisted
in PI 140207during RWA attack. No other significant qualitative or quantitative differences were detected in RWA-induced alterations
of protein profiles. These results suggest that RWA feeding selectively inhibit synthesis and accumulation of proteins necessary
for normal metabolic functions in susceptible plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
黄淮海麦区小麦倒伏的原因与对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
地处黄淮海麦区的项城市是河南省重要的商品粮基地之一.小麦是当地主要的粮食作物,栽培面积大,总产约占当地粮食产量的70%,小麦生产丰歉对其粮食生产起着举足轻重的作用.近年来,依靠国家农资综合补贴和科学技术成果的应用,小麦产量呈逐年提高的趋势,高产稳产具有十分重要的意义.多年的经验和教训告诉我们,影响该区小麦稳产和进一步高产的主要因素是倒伏问题.本文就小麦倒伏的原因及对策作以阐述. 相似文献
13.
Summary In former Czechoslovakia virulence of rusts attacking wheat was studied since the sixties. Since the same time genes for resistance in the registered cultivars were identified. The role of Berberis and Thalictrum as alternate hosts for stem rust and leaf rust, respectively, was investigated as well. Determined changes of virulence in rust populations could only partially be ascribed to changes of resistance genes in the grown cultivars. Unnecessary genes for virulence had no negative effect on the fitness of the pathogen. All tested samples of aeciospores from barberries attacked rye, not wheat. None of Thalictrum species occurring in the Czech and Slovak Republics was found to host wheat leaf rust. However, the sexual stage of wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust could be induced on Berberis vulgaris and Thalictrum speciosissimum, respectively. General epidemiological conclusions are drawn from the results and experience of the last 35 years. 相似文献
14.
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has become a serious, perennial pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in many areas of the world. This study was initiated to determine the inheritance of RWA resistance in PI 140207 (a RWA-resistant spring wheat) and to determine its allelic relationship with a previously reported RWA resistance gene. Crosses were made between PI 140207 and ‘Pavon’ (a RWA-susceptible spring wheat). Genetic analysis was performed on the parents, F1, F2, backcross (BC) population and F2-derived F3 families. Analyses of segregation patterns of plants in the F1, F2, and BC populations, and F2-derived F3 families indicated single dominant gene control of RWA resistance in PI 140207. Results of the allelism test indicated that the resistance gene in PI 140207, while conferring distinctly different seedling reactions to RWA feeding, is the same as Dn 1, the resistance gene in PI 137739. 相似文献
15.
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) has caused serious reduction in wheat production in 17 Western states of the United States since 1986. Inheritance of resistance to RWA in seven wheat lines and the allelism of the resistance genes in these lines with three known resistance genes Dn4, Dn5, and Dn6 were studied. The seven resistant lines were crossed to a susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Carson’ and three resistant wheats: CORWA1 (Dn4), PI 294994 (Dn5), and PI 243781 (Dn6). Seedlings of the parents, F1, and F2 were screened for RWA resistance in the greenhouse by artificial infestation. Seedling reactions were evaluated 21–28 days after the infestation using a 1–9 scale. The resistance level of all the F1 hybrids was similar to that of the resistant parent, indicating dominant gene control. Only two distinctive classes were present and no intermediate types were observed in the F2 population, suggesting qualitative, nonadditive gene action, in which the presence of any one of the dominant alleles confers complete resistance to RWA. Resistance in CI 2401 is controlled by two dominant genes. Resistance in CI 6501 and PI 94365 is governed by one dominant gene. Resistance in PI 94355 and PI 151918 may be conditioned by either one dominant gene or one dominant and one recessive gene. No conclusion can be made on how many resistance genes are in AUSVA1-F3, since the parent population was not a pure line. Allelic analyses showed that one of resistance genes in CI 2401 and PI 151918 was the same allele as Dn4, the resistance gene in CI 6501 was the same allele as Dn6, and AUS-VA1-F3 had one resistance gene which was the same allele as one of the resistance genes in PI 294994. One non-allelic resistance gene different from the Dn4, Dn5, and Dn6 genes in CI 2401, PI 94355, PI 94365, and PI 222668 was identified and should be very useful in diversifying gene sources in wheat breeding. 相似文献
16.
Summary Five spring wheat cultivars differing in partial resistance (PR) to wheat leaf rust were tested at Wageningen (the Netherlands) on a sandy and a clay site, El Batan (CIMMYT, Mexico) and Ponta Grossa (Brazil) over two years. The cultivars were Skalavatis 56, Little Club (both very susceptible), Westphal 12A, Akabozu and BH 1146 (all three with high levels of PR). The results showed that PR was expressed at all four locations in both years. The level of expression was influenced by the environment but the cultivar ranking was hardly affected. Selection for PR in the field can therefore be carried out over a wide range of environments. 相似文献
17.
J. G. Th. Hermsen 《Euphytica》1967,16(2):134-162
Hybrid dwarfness is the phenomenon that after crossing of normal genotypes dwarfs are obtained in the F1 or not before the F2-generation. The literature on hybrid dwarfness in wheat is critically discussed. A new hypothesis on its genetic basis is given, taking McMillan's (1937) as a starting point. Dwarfness is assumed to be determined by the additive interaction of three genes D
1, D
2 and D
3, differing in dominance relations and in quantitative contribution to the dwarf phenotype.Three dwarf types are described. Type 1-dwarfs are dwarf during their whole life cycle and normally do not produce seeds. Type 2-dwarfs start as normal seedlings, become dwarfs while tillering and die dwarfs; some produce seeds, others do not. Type 3-dwarfs emerge as normal seedlings, become dwarfs during the tillering stage, but after some time they start to shoot and develop into nearly or even completely normal plants; in the F2 the proportion of dwarfs decreases during the growing season. The occurrence and genetic basis of the three dwarf types is discussed.On the basis of their genotype 315 varieties and lines are divided into six genotypeclasses. Over 1000 intra- and inter-class crosses were made and F1, F2, F3, and BC studied. Also some triple crosses and crosses with pure breeding dwarfs were investigated. In general the results obtained fit the hypothesis. Unstable ratios involving type 3-dwarfs are discussed separately.Linkage of the dwarf gene D
2 and the necrosis gene Ne
2 (both on chromosome 2B (XIII) was apparent from F2-data and from results of a triple cross in which both forms of hybrid weakness occurred. Crossing-over between D
2 and Ne
2 is calculated to be 34%.Methods are outlined to use hybrid dwarfness in a wheat breeding programme. The possible incompleteness of the three-gene hypothesis and the variability of dwarfness are discussed and finally some suggestions are made for future research. 相似文献
18.
B. S. Talukdar 《Euphytica》1974,23(1):149-152
Summary Eleven wheat lines were derived by five backcrossings and five selfings with Thatcher as the recurrent and Selkirk as the donor parent during backcrossings. The lines and parents were subjected to mixogram and loaf volume studies.Out of eleven backcross lines five were similar to Thatcher, two needed longer mixing time and four were less elastic than Thatcher.Eight of eleven backcross lines had similar loaf volume profiles and two lines were, to a certain extent, similar to Thatcher in loaf volume. One line was quite different from and definitely inferior to Thatcher.It is suggested that the backcross method is a useful tool in quality breeding. In view of the fact that a backcross line with a quality quite different from the recurrent parent may appear in the population, quality evaluation at pre-release stage is strongly advocated. 相似文献
19.
L. H. M. Broers 《Euphytica》1989,44(3):247-258
Summary Eighteen spring wheat cultivars were tested in microfields and race nurseries for their partial resistance PR to wheat leaf rust under low and high disease pressure respectively. Large differences existed between the 18 cultivars, Skalavatis 56 being the most susceptible and Ponta Grossa 1 being the most resistant cultivar. Of the three epidemic parameters, disease severity (DS) at the time that the susceptible check was severely diseased and area under the transformed disease severity curve (AUTC) and the logistic growth rate (r), AUTC and DS were highly correlated. Both seemed to be reliable estimators of PR but DS should be preferred for economical reasons. The logistic growth rate seemed to be unsuitable as an estimator of partial resistance.High and low disease pressure gave similar cultivar ranking. PR can be screened and selected equally well in race nurseries with low space, low time and low cost input as in microfields with high space, time and cost input.Cultivar differences in development rate had a large impact on the cultivar differences for amount of disease and can therefore greatly bias the estimation of cultivar resistance. The resistance of early cultivars tended to be underestimated whereas the resistance of late cultivars tended to be overestimated. The effect of differences in developmental rate was most pronounced in the flag leaf. It is advisable to avoid the assessment of disease levels on the flag leaf only and to incorporate in the tests several susceptible and resistant checks that cover the range of development rates in the material to be selected, because otherwise selection for resistance will tend to select also for lateness.Regression of the epidemiological parameters on three components of partial resistance revealed that latency period (LP) is an important factor in determining the resistance observed in the field explaining on average 67% of the observed variation. Adding infection frequency (IF) and urediosorus size (US) to the linear model increased the proportion of the observed variation in the field explained by the components to 80%. This result supports the idea that the components of PR inherit independently, at least, in part. 相似文献
20.
Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is an important insect pest which causes severe economic losses in wheat (Triticum spp.). Among the various U.S. RWA biotypes, biotype 1 (RWA1) and biotype 2 (RWA2) are the most prevalent and most virulent
on cultivated genotypes. Although many sources of resistance to these biotypes are available among landraces, their relatedness
should be characterized to permit their more efficient use in breeding programs. In this study, 38 hexaploid accessions resistant
to biotype 1 and/or biotype 2 were evaluated for genetic diversity based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP).
Fifteen AFLP selective primer combinations were used to genotype these accessions, resulting in 893 amplicons. Of these, 274
(30.6%) informative polymorphic bands were used for genetic diversity analysis. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from
0.47 to 0.87 among the resistant accessions, indicating high genetic diversity among them. Cluster analysis grouped the 38
accessions into two major clusters, I and II, including resistant lines for RWA1 and RWA2. The study indicated that accessions
in the National Small Grains Collection conferring RWA1 or RWA2 resistance comprise a diversified population which should
support introgression efforts and provide genetic diversity for future breeding for RWA resistance. 相似文献