共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
为对啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯的残留降解和膳食风险作出科学评价。采用气相色谱检测法研究了自然条件下啶虫脒及高效氯氰菊酯在柑橘上的消解动态和最终残留情况,并据此对啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯在柑橘上的残留慢性膳食风险进行了评估。结果表明：啶虫脒及高效氯氰菊酯在柑橘中的消解规律符合一级动力学模型,药后21 d啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯其降解率均在90%以上,其半衰期分别为4.93~9.83 d、4.02~5.31 d;不同施药剂量和施药次数,末次施药后的21 d,柑橘中啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯的残留量均<1 mg.kg-1;取残留中值进行慢性膳食摄入风险评估,结果表明无论是老年人还是儿童其风险均在可接受范围之内。由此可见,遵循良好的农业操作规范,该农药对我国居民的膳食安全不构成威胁。 相似文献
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为对螺虫乙酯及其四种代谢产物的消解残留和代谢行为做出科学评价。利用液相色谱串联质谱研究了一年三地螺虫乙酯及其四种代谢产物在柑橘中的消解动态、最终残留和代谢行为。螺虫乙酯及其代谢产物在柑橘中的添加回收率为71.4%~107.1%。相对标准偏差在0.5%~7.28% 之间,最低检出浓度均为0.02mg/kg,降解半衰期为1.74~5.83d,螺虫乙酯-烯醇、螺虫乙酯-酮羟基、螺虫乙酯-烯醇-吡喃葡萄糖在螺虫乙酯代谢行为中均有不同程度检出。按照推荐剂量的1.5倍施药3次,21 d后柑橘中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物残留量均小于MRL值(1 mg.kg -1),收获的柑橘可以食用。应注重代谢产物对生态环境的影响。 相似文献
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探明氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在荔枝果肉及果皮中的消解动态及残留状况,对其安全性进行风险评估。采用气相色谱对荔枝田间试验样品进行农药残留检测。在荔枝果肉和果皮中添加氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱0.01~1.00 mg/kg,平均回收率为87.1%~101.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.9%~5.2%。2种农药在果肉和果皮中的定量限（LOQ）均为0.010 mg/kg。氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在果肉和果皮中的原始沉积量与施药剂量在0.01水平上显著相关,其残留消解动态均符合一级动力学方程。氯氰菊酯在果肉和果皮中的半衰期（T0.5）分别为6.2 d和7.9 d,消解99%所需要的时间（T0.99）为41.3 d和52.6 d;毒死蜱在果肉和果皮中的半衰期（T0.5）为2.6d和10.4 d,消解99%所需要的时间（T0.99）为17.1d和69.0 d。不同施药量和施药次数,末次施药21d后,荔枝果肉中毒死蜱未检出,氯氰菊酯30d后未检出,45d后果皮上的氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱残留量均未超过规定的最大残留限量。无论儿童还是老年人,荔枝果肉中氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的膳食风险均在可接受范围内。综合最终残留量和膳食风险评估,建议安全采收期为施药后45 d。 相似文献
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为探明嘧菌酯在牧草中的安全性,对嘧菌酯在北京、江苏南京、河南郑州3个试验点牧草和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留规律进行了研究。牧草和土壤样品经乙酸乙酯提取,氨基柱净化,液相色谱-质谱检测器检测,外标法峰面积定量。在0.01,0.10和1.00 mg/kg 3个添加水平,嘧菌酯在牧草中的添加回收率为86.5%~97.4%,相对标准偏差为6.1%~10.3%;在土壤中平均回收率为82.4%~107.2%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~5.7%;嘧菌酯在牧草和土壤中的最低检出限均为0.01 mg/kg。嘧菌酯在北京、江苏南京和河南郑州3个试验点牧草中的半衰期为2.9~3.4 d,在土壤中的半衰期为3.2~3.7 d。参照食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)制定的饲料和干秸秆中嘧菌酯的最大残留限量标准(15 mg/kg),按推荐施药剂量和次数施用嘧菌酯21 d后,所采收的牧草是安全的。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2022,(1)
为探究杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹上使用的安全性,在果桑花期喷施42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂(SC)不同浓度稀释液后,用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的含量,并研究两者在桑椹中的消解动态及膳食摄入风险。结果显示,UPLC-MS/MS检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.003 mg/kg和0.03 mg/kg,回收率为80.2%～106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.01%～4.13%之间,表明检测方法可信;吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的消解动态均符合一级反应动力学方程,在桑椹中的消解半衰期分别为7.30～7.45 d和5.87～5.97 d,属易降解物质。用42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC 1 000倍稀释液喷施桑树3次,每次间隔7 d,末次喷药后15 d检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的残留量,其对2岁及以上人群慢(急)性膳食摄入风险均小于100,不会对人体健康产生不可接受的风险。 相似文献
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选取新型杀虫剂18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂和当前常用药剂25克/升溴氰菊酯乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油于2018年在广东省农业科学院白云试验基地柑橘园和2019年在广州市南沙区东涌镇柑橘园对潜叶蛾进行了田间防效试验。结果表明：18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂10000~20000倍液对柑橘潜叶蛾药后10 d的杀虫效果为82.81%~93.13%,药后14 d的保梢效果为76.87%~89.26%;对照药剂25克/升溴氰菊酯乳油1000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果均显著低于试验药剂各浓度的效果,1.8%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液的杀虫效果和保梢效果与试验药剂20000倍液的防效相当,但显著低于10000倍液和15000倍液的防效。18%四唑虫酰胺悬浮剂能够有效防治柑橘潜叶蛾,且对柑橘安全,对非靶标生物无明显影响。 相似文献
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通过建立啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的残留检测方法,研究香蕉中啶氧菌酯的残留行为,评估其可能存在的膳食风险。采用外标法定量,在添加浓度0.02～1.0 mg/kg范围内,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的平均回收率为101.4～109.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.1～4.0%,最小检出量为0.01ng,最低检出浓度为0.02 mg/kg。啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的降解符合一级动力学方程,降解半衰期为7.7～13.9 d,最终残留量的最大值为0.045 mg/kg,在施药60天后啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的降解率大于99.6%。膳食风险评估结果显示,我国普通成人啶氧菌酯的国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.35 mg,风险商值(RQ)为0.06,远远小于1,在该试验条件下,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的残留水平不会对普通成人造成膳食风险。 相似文献
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为明确15％唑虫酰胺悬浮剂对家蚕的急性毒性与风险性,采用桑叶浸叶法对家蚕进行急性毒性试验获取其毒性终点,并结合田间施药量及相关数据计算预测暴露浓度(PEC)和预测无效应浓度(PNEC),通过PEC与PNEC计算风险商值RQ进行初级风险评估.结果显示,15％唑虫酰胺悬浮剂对家蚕的半致死浓度96h-LC50为59.3mg ... 相似文献
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为评价10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、10%氯氰菊酯乳油和48%毒死蜱乳油对苜蓿蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果和安全性,采用田间喷雾法和气相色谱法测定了3种杀虫剂对苜蓿蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果及其在春季紫花苜蓿中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。结果表明,吡虫啉、氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在剂量分别为35.7 g a.i. (g有效成分)/hm2、75.0 g a.i./hm2和480.0 g a.i./hm2时,药后1~7 d对苜蓿蚜虫的防效为80.83%~94.78%、79.29%~87.80%和90.93%~98.90%;对苜蓿蓟马的防效为78.33%~95.57%、78.56%~91.67%和92.78%~100.00%;在紫花苜蓿中的半衰期分别为4.78,3.69和2.48 d。按推荐使用量施药,吡虫啉和毒死蜱药后7 d在苜蓿中的残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg,氯氰菊酯药后14 d在苜蓿中的残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg。参照我国和国际食品法典委员会(CAC)农药残留限量要求,拟建议吡虫啉、氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在紫花苜蓿的最高残留限量(MRL)分别为0.5,1.0和0.5 mg/kg,安全间隔期分别为7,14和7 d。 相似文献
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为制定埃普利诺菌素(EPR)休药期及建立牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术提供科学依据。采用荧光高效液相色谱法(HPLC-FLD)检测埃普利诺菌素(EPR)注射剂在牦牛奶中的残留消除规律。结果表明:给泌乳牦牛皮下注射EPR注射液0.2mg·kg^-1剂量,EPR在牛奶中分布浓度较低,在给药后54.00h,牛奶中的EPR浓度达到峰值7.38±2.61ng·mL^-1,该值低于美国规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(12ng·mL^-1)和欧盟及联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(20ng·mL^-1)。给泌乳牦牛皮下注射EPR注射液0.4mg·kg^-1剂量,EPR在牛奶中分布浓度较低,在给药后42.00 h,牛奶中的EPR浓度达到峰值8.42±4.62 ng·mL^-1,最高值低于欧盟和联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(20 ng·mL^-1),略高于美国规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(12ng·mL^-1);在给药后56.00 h,牛奶中的EPR浓度达到峰值6.98±2.98 ng·mL^-1,该值低于美国规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(12ng·mL^-1)和欧盟及联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)规定的EPR在牛奶中的最高残留限量(20ng·mL^-1)。国产药物试验组与进口商品化制剂对照组的两种EPR浇泼剂在牦牛血浆中的残留消除规律,分别于1.67±0.2d与1.83±0.61d(Tmax)在血浆中达到最高药物浓度(Cmax)7.88±2.68ng·mL^-1与5.94±2.80ng·mL^-1,两种EPR制剂的生物等效性无显著性差异。国产和进口两种制剂的残留均低于联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)所规定的最高残留限量(20ng·mL^-1)。研究结果表明,EPR注射剂0.2mg·kg^-1、0.4mg·kg^-1,EPR浇泼剂0.5mg·kg^-1推荐剂量用于泌乳牦牛无需弃奶期,牦牛乳用时无需休药期或建议休药期为1d。为建立牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术提供了依据。 相似文献
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[目的]开发同时检测生乳中吡虫啉（Imidacloprid）、吡唑醚菌酯（Pyrazole ether ester）、氟虫腈（Fluorine worm nitrile）3 种农药残留的胶体金免疫层析的方法。[方法]采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液，冻干法制备胶体金标抗体冻干粉，置于微孔杯内，复溶后，吸取全部反应液于胶体金试纸条样品垫上，经层析，在免疫层析试纸条上显示结果。[结果]吡虫啉、吡唑醚菌酯、氟虫腈3 种农药检测检测下限分别为0.1 mg/kg，0.03mg/kg，0.02 mg/kg，保质期为1 年，符合《GB27632021食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》对生乳中农药残留做出明确限量规定吡虫啉、吡唑醚菌酯、氟虫腈最大残留量0.1 mg/kg，0.03 mg/kg，0.02 mg/kg要求。[结论]该方法操作简单，快速灵敏，稳定准确，可以作为前期农残检测的快速筛查手段。 相似文献
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Heptachlor epoxide residues exceeding the maximum residue limit of 0.2 mg/kg have been found in fat of cattle grazed on land previously treated with heptachlor prior to planting potatoes or maize. To determine the residues accumulated in cattle exposed to contaminated land and the rate of decline on removal from the contamination, steers were grazed on a former potato paddock which had been treated the 2 previous years with heptachlor at 1.1 kg/ha. Soil residues in the paddock varied from a total of 0.42 mg/kg heptachlor and its epoxide at the beginning of the trial to 0.31 mg/kg after 16 months. Residues in the soil decreased only slightly down to a depth of 300 mm. Pasture residues were less than 0.02 mg/kg (wet basis). Heptachlor epoxide residues in the body fat of the steers increased during 19 months of exposure and reached a maximum of 0.72 mg/kg. In 4 steers removed after 14 weeks exposure, the heptachlor epoxide concentrations continued to increase from a mean of 0.24 mg/kg to a mean of 0.34 mg/kg after a further 4 weeks. Concentrations then fell progressively with a half life of 11 weeks in the body fat. There was an apparent relationship between pasture length and body fat residue, with residues increasing as pasture length decreased. The results of the experiments preclude the option of grazing cattle on pasture grown on soil treated with heptachlor for any extended period of time. It is possible that if short pastures and soft soil are avoided, and if cattle are not exposed to contaminated land for any more than 1 week in each month, then residues would remain below the maximum residue limit of 0.2mg/kg heptachlor. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Zn and Fe supplementation on mineral excretion, body composition, and mineral status of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1 (n = 24; 6.5 kg; 16 to 20 d of age) and 2 (n = 24; 7.2 kg; 19 to 21 d of age), littermate crossbred barrows were weaned and allotted randomly by BW, within litter, to dietary treatments and housed individually in stainless steel pens. In Exp. 1, Phases 1 (d 0 to 7) and 2 (d 7 to 14) diets (as-fed basis) were: 1) NC (negative control, no added Zn source); 2) ZnO (NC + 2,000 mg/kg as Zn oxide); and 3) ZnM (NC + 2,000 mg/kg as Zn Met). In Exp. 2, diets for each phase (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 35) were the basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg Fe (as-fed basis) as ferrous sulfate. Orts, feces, and urine were collected daily in Exp. 1; whereas pigs had a 4-d adjustment period followed by a 3-d total collection period (Period 1 = d 5 to 7; Period 2 = d 12 to 14; Period 3 = d 26 to 28) during each phase in Exp. 2. Blood samples were obtained from pigs on d 0, 7, and 14 in Exp. 1 and d 0, 7, 21, and 35 in Exp. 2 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and plasma Cu, (PCu), Fe (PFe), and Zn (PZn). Pigs in Exp. 1 were killed at d 14 (mean BW = 8.7 kg) to determine whole-body, liver, and kidney mineral concentrations. There were no differences in growth performance in Exp. 1 or 2. In Exp. 1, pigs fed ZnO or ZnM diets had greater (P < 0.001) dietary Zn intake during the 14-d study and greater fecal Zn excretion during Phase 2 compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Pigs fed 2,000 mg/kg, regardless of Zn source, had greater (P < 0.010) PZn on d 7 and 14 than pigs fed the NC diet. Whole-body Zn, liver Fe and Zn, and kidney Cu concentrations were greater (P < 0.010), whereas kidney Fe and Zn concentrations were less (P < 0.010) in pigs fed pharmacological Zn diets than pigs fed the NC diet. In Exp. 2, dietary Fe supplementation tended to increase (linear, P = 0.075) dietary DMI, resulting in a linear increase (P < 0.050) in dietary Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn intake. Subsequently, a linear increase (P < 0.010) in fecal Fe and Zn excretion was observed. Increasing dietary Fe resulted in a linear increase in Hb, Hct, and PFe on d 21 (P < 0.050) and 35 (P < 0.010). Results suggest that dietary Zn or Fe additions increase mineral status of nursery pigs. Once tissue mineral stores are loaded, dietary minerals in excess of the body's requirement are excreted. 相似文献
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啤酒酵母葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能及淋巴细胞转化率的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为了探讨啤酒酵母葡聚糖在断奶仔猪日粮中的适宜添加剂量及其对断奶仔猪细胞免疫功能的影响,本研究进行了2个试验。试验1选用100头(28±2)d断奶的二元杂交断奶仔猪,按单因子试验设计随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂含葡聚糖0、25、50、100mg/kg和200mg/kg的日粮。结果表明:随葡聚糖添加剂量的增加,平均日增重在14￣28 d及0￣28 d呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。试验2选用80头(28±2)d断奶的二元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为2个处理,分别饲喂含葡聚糖0mg/kg和50mg/kg的日粮。在试验的第14天和第28天,每重复取1头仔猪前腔静脉采血,测定外周血淋巴细胞转化率。结果显示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加50mg/kg葡聚糖提高了仔猪在14￣28d及0￣28d的日增重(P<0.05)。而且,也提高了仔猪在0￣14 d、0￣28 d及28￣35 d的平均日采食量(P<0.05)。但是对淋巴细胞转化率没有影响。结果表明:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加50mg/kg啤酒酵母葡聚糖,可以提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,而且没有性别差异。 相似文献
16.
1. Sulphaquinoxaline (SQ) was added to the diet of laying hens at 200 mg/kg for 7 successive days. Contents (mg/kg) of SQ in albumen and egg yolk of eggs laid after drug withdrawal were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents in the whole egg were calculated taking into consideration the respective weights of albumen and egg yolk. 2. A time-lag in the initiation of decrease of SQ from eggs after the withdrawal of dietary SQ was observed. 3. The decreasing pattern from whole egg could be well described by the following equation with a time-lag of 1.0 d, y = 2.07e-0.5620(t-1.0), where y is the SQ content in whole egg, t is time (d) after the withdrawal of dietary SQ and a constant of 2.07 is the SQ content in whole egg laid at the withdrawal. 4. Biological half-life of SQ in the whole egg was estimated to be 1.23 d. 5. From the above equation, SQ residue of whole egg laid at 9th d after withdrawal will be below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg. 相似文献
17.
Effects of carbohydrates from citrus pulp and hominy feed on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used to evaluate the effect of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates (NDSC) on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms. Citrus pulp and hominy feed were added to a basal diet as sources of NDSC, with citrus pulp providing neutral detergent-soluble fiber (NDSF) in the form of pectic substances and with hominy feed in the form of starch. The basal diet contained 26.7% corn silage, 6.0% alfalfa hay and 3.8% cottonseed hulls on a DM basis. The dried citrus pulp diet contained on a DM basis 17.2% CP, 34.7% NDF, 33.7% NDSC, and 14.4% NDSF, whereas the hominy feed diet contained 17.9% CP, 33.2% NDF, 35.9% NDSC, and 8.8% NDSF. Organic matter, DM, and NDF and ADF digestion were not affected by source of carbohydrate. Ammonia N concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for the hominy feed diet (14.2 mg/100 mL) than for the dried citrus pulp diet (9.3 mg/100 mL). Total N, nonammonia N, microbial N, and dietary N flows were not affected by treatments; however, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was greater (P = 0.055) for the dried citrus pulp diet than for the hominy feed diet (30.6 vs 27.8 g of bacterial N/kg of OM truly digested). Results from this experiment indicate that NDSF from citrus pulp can provide similar sources of energy compared with starch from hominy feed to support ruminal microbial growth. 相似文献