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本刊编辑部 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2007,15(2):F0003-F0003
由中国农业科学院和中国轻工集团公司共同主办的“2007两岸生物资源与生物技术知识产权保护研讨会”,定于2007年6月在北京召开。本次大会凝聚两岸相关领域专家学者的深邃智慧,是一次就生物资源保护和生物技术知识产权保护等问题进行学术交流的极好机会,对于加强两岸的顺利沟通和广泛交流具有重要意义。大会设立生物资源保护(植物种质资源保护与利用、动物种质资源保护与利用、微生物种质资源保护与利用、生物资源共享机制与法规、国际生物资源保护概况)与生物技术知识产权保护(生物技术的知识产权保护、生物技术企业的知识产权保护及其作用… 相似文献
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《中国畜牧业》2021,(8)
正近日,农业农村部部署开展全国农业种质资源普查工作,就推进开展农作物、畜禽、水产种质资源普查进行了安排。日前,农业农村部负责人就普查有关情况回答记者提问。问:中央提出要立志打一场种业翻身仗,请问开展此次全国农业种质资源普查对打好种业翻身仗有何意义,目标是什么?答:农业种质资源是保障国家粮食安全和重要农副产品有效供给的战略性资源,是农业科技原始创新与现代种业发展的物质基础。新中国成立以来,农作物品种历经7～9次更新换代,每一次都是从资源上先突破,种质资源发挥了重要作用。当前,种业之争本质是科技之争,焦点是资源之争。谁占有了更多种质资源,谁就掌握了选育品种的优势,谁就具备了种业竞争的主动权。没有自主的资源,就没有自主的品种。我国是种质资源大国,但还不是种质资源强国。目前,许多种源与国际先进水平还有较大差距,重要原因就是优异种质资源储备不足,精准鉴定挖掘不够。要打好种业翻身仗,实现种源自主可控,必须加强种质资源保护利用,当务之急是要开展资源普查,摸清资源家底。 相似文献
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种业是国家重要战略产业,畜禽种质资源是现代畜牧业发展的基础。文章通过总结中国畜禽种业以及遗传资源发展的总体情况,指出了我国在种源依赖、育种机制、种质保护等方面面临的挑战,分析了在资源多样性、政策保障、引进提升等方面存在的机遇,提出了加强资源保护、监测评估、科技创新、优化推广和对外交流合作等建议,为开展畜禽种业发展、种质资源保护等研究工作提供参考依据。 相似文献
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动物种质资源冷冻保存是动物种质资源保护的重要组成部分，在防止动物种质资源的濒危、灭绝、丢失以及增加活体保种的遗传多样性、防止群体近交衰退等方面具有重要作用。论文介绍了我国动物种质资源的特点以及相关动物种质资源保护理论，在此基础上详细综述了国内外精子冷冻、卵母细胞冷冻、胚胎冷冻以及体细胞冷冻技术的发展和研究进展，结合动物种质资源保护应用中的实际，提出了未来冷冻保存在动物种质资源保护利用中需要解决的科学问题和技术问题。论文对于我国目前开展的动物种质资源保护和研究具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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在甘肃甘南地区,牧草种质资源是人们在选育牧草新品种时重要的观察指标。而牧草种质资源本身是一种具有生物多样性标志的资源,对牧草种质资源的保护与利用对于我国的生物多样性发展具有非常巨大的意义。本文通过对我国甘肃甘南地区牧草种质资源保护所面临的问题进行分析,加强对其的保护与利用意义的重要性了解,进一步讨论对牧草种质资源保护与利用的策略。 相似文献
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<正>创新是一个国家的灵魂,种业是基础性、战略性高科技产业。习近平总书记指出,“必须把民族种业搞上去,实现种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控”。对地方猪种资源既要认真保护,防止优良基因丢失,更要创新利用,实现产业开发,促进经济发展。种业创新是最重要的原始创新之一,开展地方猪资源保护与种质创新是造福当代、惠及子孙的大好事。《全国畜禽遗传改良计划（2021—2035年）》中提出, 相似文献
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Ambika P. Singh MVSc PhD Gaj Raj Singh MVSc Dwarika N. Sharma MVSc PhD Janki M. Nigam MVSc PhD Amar K. Bhargava MS PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(6):279-281
Arteriographic anatomy of the major branches of the abdominal aorta of rabbits, dogs, pigs, and goats was investigated. The origin and location of the celiac, cranial mesenteric, right renal, left renal, caudal mesenteric, and external iliac arteries were demonstrated, and their placement was described in relation to the iliac bifurcation and lumbar vertebral bodies. 相似文献
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Anna Ohlson Jonas Malmsten Jenny Fr?ssling G?ran B?lske Anna Aspán Anne-Marie Dalin Ann Lindberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):39
Background
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Prevalence data in ruminant species are important to support risk assessments regarding public and animal health. The aim was to investigate the presence of or exposure to C. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and moose, and to compare two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). National surveys of antibodies against C. burnetii were performed for dairy cattle (n=1537), dairy goats (n=58) and sheep (n=518). Bovine samples consisted of bulk milk, caprine of pooled milk, and ovine of pooled serum. Antibodies were investigated in moose samples (n=99) from three regions. A one-year regional cattle bulk milk survey was performed on the Isle of Gotland (n=119, four occasions). Cattle, sheep and goat samples were analysed with indirect ELISA and moose samples with complement fixation test. For the sheep, goat, and parts of the cattle survey, samples were run in parallel by ELISAs based on antigens from infected ruminants and ticks. Bulk milk samples from the regional cattle survey and vaginal swabs from a subset of the sheep herds (n=80) were analysed for the agent by polymerase chain reaction. Spatial clustering was investigated in the national cattle survey.Results
The prevalence of antibodies in dairy herds was 8.2% with large regional differences. High risk clusters were identified in the southern regions. The prevalence among dairy herds on the Isle of Gotland varied from 55.9% to 64.6% and 46.4% to 58.9.0% for antibodies and agent, respectively, overall agreement between agent and antibodies was 85.2%. The prevalence of antibodies in sheep was 0.6%, the agent was not detected the vaginal swabs. Antibodies were not detected in goats or moose, although parts of the moose samples were collected in an area with high prevalence in cattle. The overall agreement between the two ELISAs was 90.4%.Conclusions
The prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii in dairy cattle in Sweden shows large regional differences. The results suggest that C. burnetii is a rare pathogen among Swedish moose, dairy goat and sheep. ELISAs based on ruminant and tick antigen performed in a similar manner under Swedish conditions. 相似文献14.
Rosiane Nascimento Alves Susana Elisa Rieck Carlos Ueira-Vieira Marcelo Bahia Labruna Marcelo Emílio Beletti 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(2):241-248
Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from a blood sample obtained from a dog in southeastern Brazil was used to confirm a naturally acquired Ehrlichia (E.) canis infection. Following isolation and culturing of the new bacterial strain called Uberlândia, partial sequences of the dsb and p28 genes were obtained. The dsb partial sequence of the novel strain was 100% similar to dsb gene sequences of E. canis obtained from different geographic areas around the world. Conversely, the p28 partial sequence for the E. canis Uberlândia strain differed at several nucleotides from other sequences available in GenBank. To confirm the antigenic profile of the Uberlândia strain, an indirect immunofluorescence assay against E. canis antigens was performed using dog sera collected from two different areas in Brazil (Uberlândia and São Paulo). The results suggest that both antigens were able to identify animals seropositive for E. canis in Brazil since these Brazilian strains appear to be highly conserved. 相似文献
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Young Chul Kim So Young Choi Eun Ye Park 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):135-143
Tea contains polyphenols and is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Because most tyrosinase inhibitors that regulate melanogenesis are phenol/catechol derivatives, this study investigated the inhibitory effects of Camellia sinensis water extracts (CSWEs), including black tea, green tea, and white tea extracts, on melanogenesis using immortalized melanocytes. CSWEs inhibited melanin accumulation and melanin synthesis along with tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were superior to those of arbutin, a well-known depigmenting agent. The anti-melanogenic activity of black (fermented) tea was higher than that of a predominant tea catecholamine, epigallocatechin gallate. CSWEs, especially black tea extract, decreased tyrosinase protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the anti-melanogenic effect of CSWEs is mediated by a decrease in both tyrosinase activity and protein expression, and may be augmented by fermentation. Thus, CSWEs could be useful skin-whitening agents in the cosmetic industry. 相似文献
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M. Campos R. Ducatelle G. Rutteman H.S. Kooistra L. Duchateau H. de Rooster K. Peremans S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1805-1813
Background
Prognostic markers for dogs with thyroid tumors are limited.Hypothesis/Objectives
To identify clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors for dogs with thyroid tumors.Animals
Seventy dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Retrospective study. Dogs with thyroid neoplasia were included when follow‐up information and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples were available. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, Ki‐67, and E‐cadherin. Correlation of tumor variables (diameter, volume, localization, scintigraphic uptake, thyroid function, IHC) with local invasiveness and metastatic disease was performed on all tumor samples. Forty‐four dogs treated by thyroidectomy were included in a survival analysis.Results
Fifty dogs (71%) had differentiated follicular cell thyroid carcinoma (dFTC) and 20 (29%) had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). At diagnosis, tumor diameter (P = .007; P = .038), tumor volume (P = .020), tumor fixation (P = .002), ectopic location (P = .002), follicular cell origin (P = .044), and Ki‐67 (P = .038) were positively associated with local invasiveness; tumor diameter (P = .002), tumor volume (P = .023), and bilateral location (P = .012) were positively associated with presence of distant metastases. Forty‐four dogs (28 dFTC, 16 MTC; stage I–III) underwent thyroidectomy. Outcome was comparable between dogs with dFTC and MTC. Macroscopic (P = .007) and histologic (P = .046) vascular invasion were independent negative predictors for disease‐free survival. Although time to presentation, histologic vascular invasion and Ki‐67 were negatively associated with time to metastases, and time to presentation was negatively associated with time to recurrence, no independent predictors were found. E‐cadherin expression was not associated with outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Prognostic factors have been identified that provide relevant information for owners and clinicians. 相似文献17.
Joon-Seok Chae Do-Hyeon Yu Smriti Shringi Terry A. Klein Heung-Chul Kim Sung-Tae Chong In-Yong Lee Janet Foley 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):285-293
A total of 1,618 ticks [420 individual (adults) and pooled (larvae and nymphs) samples], 369 rodents (Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, Mus musculus, and Myodes regulus), and 34 shrews (Crocidura lasiura) that were collected in northern Gyeonggi-do near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea during 2004-2005, were assayed by PCR for selected zoonotic pathogens. From a total of 420 individual and pooled tick DNA samples, Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum (16), A. platys (16), Ehrlichia (E.) chaffeensis (63), Borrelia burgdorferi (16), and Rickettsia spp. (198) were detected using species-specific PCR assays. Out of 403 spleens from rodents and shrews, A. phagocytophilum (20), A. platys (34), E. chaffeensis (127), and Bartonella spp. (24) were detected with species-specific PCR assays. These results suggest that fevers of unknown causes in humans and animals in Korea should be evaluated for infections by these vector-borne microbial pathogens. 相似文献
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Wang KY Samii VF Chew DJ McLoughlin MA DiBartola SP Masty J Lehman AM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1065-1073
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in female spayed dogs with and without signs of lower urinary tract disease by using conventional vaginourethrography, computed tomography (CT) vaginourethrography, and uroendoscopy. Nineteen dogs with lower urinary tract disease and 12 normal dogs were evaluated prospectively. Measurements made included vaginal length, vaginal height, vaginal width, vestibule length, vestibule height, vestibule width, vestibulovaginal ratios, cingulum height, cingulum width, cingulum area, urethral length, urethral height, urethral width, angle of urethra to vestibule, and angle of vaginal to vestibule. Group comparisons were made between dogs with and without lower urinary tract disease. Comparisons between conventional vaginourethrography and CT vaginourethrography were made when the same anatomical measurement was made by the 2 imaging modalities. There was no significant difference in all of the measurements (P > .01), including vestibulovaginal ratios and cingulum areas, between dogs with and without lower urinary tract disease. There was a larger proportion of dogs with a vestibulovaginal ratio <0.33 in normal dogs (8 of 12) compared with the clinical dogs (8 of 16). A significant difference between vestibulovaginal ratios or cingulum areas between dogs with and without lower urinary tract disease could not be identified. This suggests that a vestibulovaginal ratio of <0.33 may only be an incidental finding and the term "vestibulovaginal stenosis" may need to be redefined. 相似文献
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Mototaka Hiki Masaru Usui Tetsuo Akiyama Michiko Kawanishi Mai Tsuyuki Saiki Imamura Hideto Sekiguchi Akemi Kojima Tetsuo Asai 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):14
Background
The aim of our study was to investigate the possible etiology of avian colibacillosis by examining Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy broilers.Findings
Seventy-eight E. coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy broilers in Japan were subjected to analysis of phylogenetic background, virulence-associated gene profiling, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 35 of the 78 isolates belonged to group A, 28 to group B1, one to group B2, and 14 to group D. Virulence-associated genes iutA, iss, cvaC, tsh, iroN, ompT, and hlyF were found in 23 isolates (29.5%), 16 isolates (20.5%), nine isolates (11.5%), five isolates (6.4%), 19 isolates (24.4%), 23 isolates (29.5%), and 22 isolates (28.2%) respectively. Although the genetic diversity of group D isolates was revealed by MLST, the group D isolates harbored iutA (10 isolates, 71.4%), iss (6 isolates, 42.9%), cvaC (5 isolates, 35.7%), tsh (3 isolates, 21.4%), hlyF (9 isolates, 64.3%), iroN (7 isolates, 50.0%), and ompT (9 isolates, 64.3%).Conclusions
Our results indicated that E. coli isolates inhabiting the intestines of healthy broilers pose a potential risk of causing avian colibacillosis. 相似文献20.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300, and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn–soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr, and Phe (P < 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn–SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P < 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P < 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE; P < 0.05) when compared with those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P < 0.001) and stachyose (P < 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal AA digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity. 相似文献