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1.
从坚持统筹协调以强化现代农业规划引领、坚持开放兼容以推进一二三产业融合、坚持绿色安全以加快农业供给侧改革、坚持改革创新以保障农业可持续发展、坚持合作共享以提升农业产业化经营水平5个方面阐述加快推进江门市的农业现代化建设，旨在将江门市建设成产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的现代农业强市。 相似文献
2.
根据广西沿海地区豇豆生长发育气候环境条件和病虫发生为害特点,提出通过创造有利于豇豆正常生长发育而不利于病虫发生为害的栽培环境条件,有效地改善豇豆生育状况,使植株健壮生长,增强自身抗逆性,减少、控制病虫滋生、蔓延和为害,控制豇豆产品农药残留不超标,实现豇豆健身栽培。 相似文献
3.
Adelaide Almeida ?ngela Cunha Newton C.M. Gomes Eliana Alves Liliana Costa Maria A.F. Faustino 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):268-313
Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy. 相似文献
4.
O.C. Macdonald 《Crop Protection》1991,10(6):509-513
Baseline responses to a range of pesticides scheduled for the statutory eradication of outbreaks of Liriomyza trifolii, a leaf miner alien to the UK, were established using a topical application bioassay against a susceptible laboratory population. Using the same technique the responses of outbreak populations of L. trifolii, and also the related species L. huidobrensis, have been investigated. Field populations of L. trifolii showed resistance to the pyrethroids tested but no evidence of resistance to organophosphates was found. There was some evidence of resistance to gamma-HCH. L. huidobrensis showed a response to pyrethroids similar to that of resistant L. trifolii, and levels of tolerance to organophosphates approximately eight times that of susceptible L. trifolii. The response to gamma-HCH was similar to that of susceptible L. trifolii. 相似文献
5.
R. A. Boydston M. D. Seymour C. R. Brown A. K. Alva 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(4):305-315
Volunteer potatoes are a major weed problem in potato rotations in regions with mild winter soil temperatures. Freezing dynamics of potato tubers in air have been previously reported, but freezing dynamics of tubers in soil may differ due to ice nucleation sites and soil water associated with soil. Laboratory experiments conducted in hydrated and dry soil columns and field experiments were conducted to determine cold temperatures required to kill potato tubers in soil. Potato tubers in air-dried soil columns exposed to decreasing temperatures typically supercooled to ?3 to ?7 C before exhibiting a distinct exotherm, which stabilized at ?1.4 to ?1.5 C, representing the freezing point of tubers. Tubers that were supercooled and removed from the cold environment before experiencing this exotherm were able to sprout and had no visual symptoms of freezing injury, whereas tubers that experienced the exotherm were nonviable and unable to sprout. Tubers in soil columns hydrated to 7% SWC supercooled much less than tubers in dry soil and exhibited an exotherm that stabilized near ?1.9 C. Tubers exposed to temperatures near the tuber-freezing point (?1.4 to ?1.9 C) for periods of 1 min to 24 h, but not undergoing an exotherm, exhibited varying degrees of injury, which increased with time of exposure. Tubers held at ?1.0 C for 4 to 24 h were unharmed and able to sprout similar to controls. In field trials conducted from 1993 to 1999 in the Columbia Basin of Washington, tubers buried at shallow depths (5 cm) were much more likely to experience lethal cold temperatures than tubers buried deeper. In general, when minimum soil temperature at tuber depth reached ?1.5 to ?1.9 C or lower, some tuber mortality occurred and when soil temperature at tuber depth reached ?2.8 C or lower, extensive tuber death occurred. Monitoring of winter soil temperatures by depth in potato- growing regions could be used to predict severity of volunteer potato for the subsequent growing season. 相似文献
6.
《Field Crops Research》1998,57(3):243-251
Optimisation of harvest date in sugarcane production has been shown to increase productivity and profitability. This paper assesses the sensitivity of these responses to crop class and age distribution at harvest, using the Mossman mill region as a case study. Analyses were conducted to assess the consequences of different number of ratoons before ploughing out various fixed crop ages at harvest; and the advantages of fallowing before planting compared to ploughout and immediate replant. Productivity and profitability were found to be sensitive to modifications in model input parameters and constraints. The optimal number of ratoons to maximise both sugar yield and net revenue was found to be three. While the optimal cane supply was not very sensitive to constraints on crop age when it was restricted to 12 months plus or minus 2, there was a significant reduction in net revenue (4 to 5%) when restricted to younger and older crops (9 to 13 and 11 to 15 months). Comparisons of fallow verses ploughout replant showed a gain of 16% in net revenue when all crops were immediately planted after ploughout. This suggests that current fallowing practices are not financially beneficial in the case study region of coastal Mossman. The analysis methodology can be applied in other regions to identify better ways of scheduling cane supply. 相似文献
7.
Myrna S. Rodriguez Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(1):1-9
Seeds of three rice bean accessions had 17.26 to 21.42% protein, 3.46 to 4.03% fat, 61.09 to 64.73% carbohydrates 3.99 to 4.58% ash and 5.22 to 7.43% fiber (dry weight basis).The most limiting amino acids in the seed meal, albumin and globulin fractions, were methionine and cysteine with chemical scores of these fractions being 38% to 59%. The amino acid pattern of globulin and seed meal were similar.Thein vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) ranged from 82 to 86% for the seed meal, 86 to 88.5% for the albumin and 75.9 to 83.3% for the globulin. Relative nutritive values (RNV) of raw mature seed of two accessions were 22.6% and 42.4% and increased to 55.6% to 79.4% after boiling and roasting.Part of MS thesis of the senior author. 相似文献
8.
D. B. Wankhede A. Shehnaj M. R. Raghavendra Rao 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,28(4):293-303
Carbohydrate make-up of different varieties (ie, Hamsa, Purna and Indof) of Finger millet(Eleusine coracana) and Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) has been studied. All the millets contain about 63 to 70% total carbohydrates of which, based on the whole grains, free sugars account for 0.46 to 0.69%, starch 56.0 to 61.0% cellulose 0.70 to 1.80%, pentosans 5.50 to 7.20%. 70% ethanol-extractable sugars were xylose (1.5 to 4.3%), fructose (8.6 to 15%), glucose (9.9 to 15%), sucrose (31 to 35%), maltose (9 to 11.0%), raffinose (8.6 to 12%), maltotriose (5 to 6.1%), unidentified components (3 to 10%) and higher oligosaccharides (5to 9%). The watersoluble gums of the millets contain arabinose and xylose as the major sugar components together with minor amounts of mannose and galactose, and varying amounts of glucose. Hemicellulose A was found to consist mainly of glucans containing arabinose and xylose in minor amounts. Hemicellulose B contained arabinose and xylose with smaller amounts of glucose and galactose. 相似文献
9.
大豆"短青春期"品种的光(温)反应研究Ⅲ.对长日照的反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季和短日照反应的基础上，本研究通过比较不同品种出苗至开花天数与开花成熟天数对长日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前16小时长光照使“短青春期”品种中豆24种丰的出苗至开花天数分别延长19天和30天，是供试品种类型中对长日照最敏感的类型；开花前长日照处理，开花至成熟天数两个“短青春期”品种间表现差异较大，中豆24有所延长，而巨丰则有所缩短，开花前短日 开花后长日处理，中豆24和巨丰的开花至成熟天数均较春大豆明显延长，但小于秋大豆，通过30天和60天的长日照处理可以发现，长日处理结束后，中豆24和巨丰植株需分别接受7-9天和15-18天的短光照，才能开花和进入结实期，中豆24出苗至开花天数在长日下的温度敏感度高于春大豆品种，而巨丰出苗至开花天数的温度敏感度极小。 相似文献
10.
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asian countries including China, Vietnam, Thailand, etc. Evolution of resistance in this pest insect to isoprocarb, buprofezin, pymetrozine, imidacloprid and other neonicotinoid insecticides has been reported. In order to investigate the current status of resistance to commonly used insecticides, nine field populations of N. lugens were collected from Central China, East China and South China, and resistance to insecticides was monitored from 2009 to 2012. All the 9 field populations collected in 2012 had developed extremely high resistance to imidacloprid, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 209.3 to 616.6. Resistance to imidacloprid was much higher in 2012 than in 2009. The RR of thiamethoxam varied from 17.4 to 47.1, and the RR of nitenpyram varied from 1.4 to 3.7 in 2012. Of the 9 field populations, six populations showed higher resistance to nitenpyram in 2012 than in 2011. RR for buprofezin varied from 110.1 to 221.6 in 2012 whereas resistance was at a medium level (RR 20.4 ∼ 39.4-fold) in 2009. RR for pymetrozine ranged from 34.9 to 46.8 in 2012. As for isoprocarb, RR ranged from 21.7 to 38.1 in 2012. The obvious increase in resistance to widely applied insecticides indicates that insecticide resistance management strategies are urgently needed to prevent or delay further increase of insecticide resistance in N. lugens. 相似文献
11.
152个黄淮地区小麦主要品种(系)的多抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给小麦抗病抗虫育种提供依据,于2004～2006年在山东济南对152份来自黄淮地区的小麦主栽品种(系)进行了抗小麦条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病及蚜虫鉴定.结果表明,在供试品种(系)中表现高抗条锈病的品种(系)占46.71%,中抗品种占25.66%;高抗叶锈病的品种占23.68%,中抗品种占24.34%;高抗白粉病的品种占28.29%,中抗品种占55.92%;高抗蚜虫的品种(系)占5.26%,中抗品种占13.16%.综合来看,对小麦条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病表现中抗以上的品种(系)47个,占30.92%;兼抗(中抗以上)小麦条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病和麦蚜的有5个品种(系),占3.29%. 相似文献
12.
13.
福建主要菜区甜菜夜蛾的抗药性监测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用FAO推荐的微量点滴法,测定了福建福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对6种代表性药剂的抗性,比较了3种新型药剂（甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲）对6个田间种群的毒力。结果表明：福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的438．5,389．7,312．4,423．7,286．5和317．7倍;对顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的1015．4,951．5,702．2,850．4,768．6和687．6倍;对辛硫磷的抗性分别为敏感种群的53．3,49．1,67．4,74．2,58．1和77．8倍;对灭多威的抗性分别为敏感种群的203．8,212,7,135．5,162．4,208,4和362,4倍;对虫酰肼的抗性分别为敏感种群的48．7,29．4,40．1,42．5,27．5和35．8倍;对硫丹的抗性分别为敏感种群的23．5,19．4,29．7,12．8,14．5和13,2倍;抗性谱广,抗性程度严重。甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲对上述6个种群幼虫具有较强的毒杀效果,并且3种新型药剂的敏感性差异不大。 相似文献
14.
N. Onofiok D. O. Nnanyelugo B. E. Ukwondi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(3):199-211
This study investigated the usage, consumption pattern and chemical composition of fermented foods consumed in 191 rural households (1 030 individuals) in Emene. The result showed that fermented foods were widely used and consumed by most age groups (under 2 years to adults) because of poor socioeconomic status. Fermentation period varied with type of food and was mostly carried out as a means of detoxifying certain foods. Generally, fermented foods contributed substantially to the daily caloric (46.3 to 79.9% for males and 57.5 to 78% for females); calcium (33.8 to 63.5% for males and 48.3 to 55.4% for females); iron (34.4 to 58.6% for males and 47.4 to 74.6% for females); and thiamin (23 to 58.5% for males and 37.5 to 60% for females) intakes. The contributions of fermented foods to protein (10 to 40.7%) and ascorbic acid (1.9 to 18.7%) intakes were however, low. When compared with the FAO recommendations, the daily intakes of protein, calcium, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid by the subjects were low due to large consumption of starchy root crops. Poor financial status was the most limiting factor to adequate nutrient intake. Such results point out the need for nutrition education related to improved methods of preparation and food selection. 相似文献
15.
G. J. Molema A. Bouman B. R. Verwijs J. V. van den Berg J. J. Klooster 《Potato Research》2000,43(3):211-224
Summary In the chain of handling operations from harvesting to packaging inclusive, potatoes are exposed to many brief mechanical
forces (impacts) and to long-term pressure. Impact and pressure can lead to subcutaneous tissue discoloration causing qualitative
and quantitative losses. We investigated the characteristics of construction and utilization of representative Dutch ware
potato handling chains and found that the number and height of drops appeared to be too high, the use of cushioning materials
insufficient and the speed of the transporting parts too high and not in balance with each other. The contribution to the
total amount of subcutaneous tissue discoloration was 16% for the harvesting to bin filling phases inclusive, 22% for the
storage phase, 27% for the shovelling to truck loading phases inclusive and 35% for the truck unloading to packaging phases
inclusive. These contributions varied considerably within phases and within links. The results can be used to develop equipment,
upgrade present chains and design new, produce-frendly handling chains. 相似文献
16.
大豆“短青春期”品种的光（温）反应研究：Ⅱ．对短日照的反应 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季反应的基础上，通过比较不同品种出苗至开花数与开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前短光照处理，“短青春期”品种中豆24和巨丰出苗至开花天数仅缩短2－14d，敏感度较小，与春大豆型品种相似，而与典型夏大豆品种，秋大豆品种和“长青春期”品种明显不同，中豆24和巨丰的出苗至开花天数对短光照不敏感。同为“短青春期”品种的中豆24和巨丰，其开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应有明显差异，并者与春大豆相似，而后者的开花至成熟天数的短日照敏感不仅大于复大豆，而且也大于秋大豆。生育前期对短日照不敏感的品种，其短日处理效应在生育后期表现更加明显。本文还讨论了不同品种短日处理后效应的传递特征。 相似文献
17.
从国际市场演变探讨华茶的发展战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
50年代以来世界茶业稳步发展,茶园面积和产量分别以2.39％和3.6%的速度递增、特别是1970—1987年产量增长更快;世界茶叶消费量虽也成倍增长、但生产国的消费增长速度超过纯消费国,致使茶叶出口商品率下降,茶价滑坡,成本上升,市场竞争激热。根据世界茶叶市场的变化和发展趋势,认为中国茶业的发展在战略上应致力于主攻质量,提高效益;巩固传统市场,主攻东欧市场,积极开拓新小市场;提高传统茶类品质,保持名牌产品信誉,发展深加工,开发新产品;讲究市场策略,试行公开拍卖交易;依靠科技进步,提高市场竞争能力。 相似文献
18.
19.
Summary Dihaploids were produced from tetraploids which had resistance to foliage late blight (P. infestans) and had a range of levels of resistance to white potato cyst nematode (PCN) (G. pallida). Twelve of 33 dihaploids tested had useful levels of both resistances, 11 were resistant to blight alone and seven to PCN
alone. There were no significant correlations between the resistances of the parents and the mean resistance of their dihaploids,
for either character. There was also no correlation between levels of resistance to blight and to PCN. There were significant
differences in mean levels of resistance to blight and to PCN between the tetraploid progenies of two dihaploids which possessed
combined resistance. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):67-98
SUMMARY Because of the expansion of agriculture into marginal environments, enhancement of crop resistance to soil salinity is becoming a frequent objective for breeders. The tools offered by molecular biology to transfer a single or a few genes provide a major hope to reduce the negative impact of broad gene transfer that takes place in wide-cross hybridizations. Due to the presence of osmotic and toxic components in the growth response of plants to salt stress, any attempt to improve plant performance in saline environments should ensure the maintenance of an adequate flux of water into plant tissues, and also avoid the build up of ions into the cell compartments where they can exert toxic effects. Besides, reduction of injury effects due to salinity on plant tissues is a highly desirable objective. Transgenic plants overexpressing ion transporters able to exclude Na+ into vacuoles, the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of several osmocompatible, organic solutes, or the enzymes participating in detoxification pathways, have been obtained. Some of these transgenic plants display an enhanced growth relative to their wild type parents in saline environments, although the way in which this resistance is achieved remains essentially unknown. A fourth and promising way to engineer salt resistance in plants is the attempt to manipulate gene regulatory pathways. The extent to which these experiences, mainly with model plants, could be extrapolated to crop plants growing in the field is discussed. It is proposed that a combination of different molecular approaches could be helpful to achieve enhanced salt resistance in crop plants. 相似文献