首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
嫁接对不同棉花基因型钾效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用全生育期土培盆栽试验,在研究2个棉花基因型钾吸收效率和利用效率的基础上,对未嫁接和经嫁接的自根苗(接穗和砧木为同一基因型)处理的棉花干物质和钾的积累、分配进行比较。结果表明:自根苗植株与未嫁接植株相比,不同棉花基因型在不同钾水平下干物质和钾的积累及分配不同。高效基因型103经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例增加,生殖器官中的干物质和钾减少,产量和钾利用指数下降;低效基因型122经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例减少,生殖器官中的干物质和钾增加,产量和钾利用指数升高。吸收效率因钾水平而异,高效基因型103嫁接后施钾时吸收效率降低,缺钾时升高;而低效基因型122嫁接后施钾时吸收效率升高,缺钾时降低。嫁接对不同棉花基因型产生的效应不同,通过嫁接使不同棉花基因型物质分配趋于平衡。  相似文献   

2.
It is essential to produce optimal crop yields while reducing adverse environmental impacts of overfertilization. Therefore, nutrient‐efficient plants may play a major role in improving the efficiency of fertilizer use whilst increasing crop yields. This field trial was conducted to study the differences on absorption and utilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of K‐efficient cotton genotype 103 and K‐inefficient cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotype 122 and their environmental and economic effects. The results show that seed cotton yield was significantly different between K‐efficient cotton genotype 103 and K‐inefficient cotton genotype 122; the yields of genotype 103 were 39.2%, 33.8%, and 25.0% higher than those of genotype 122 with no K fertilizer (K0), 112 kg K ha–1 K (K1), and 224 kg K ha–1 (K2), respectively. Even when no K fertilizer was applied, the yield of genotype 103 was still 7.9% higher than the yield of genotype 122 at the highest K level (K2). Further economic benefit analysis revealed that the value cost ratio (VCR) of genotype 103 was significantly higher than 122 at K0 and K1, and harvest index (HI) of genotype 103 was significantly higher than that of genotype 122 at all three K levels. In addition, when fertilized with K, partial factor productivity of applied K (PFPK) of genotype 103 was dramatically higher than that of genotype 122, demonstrating that genotype 103 had stronger ability to utilize K. Besides, the N‐ and P‐use efficiencies of genotype 103 were also higher than those of genotype 122. It is concluded that: (1) genotype 103 gives better profit than genotype 122 and (2) genotype 103 uses fertilizer more efficiently and reduced fertilizer inputs will alleviate environmental risks.  相似文献   

3.
As a macroelement to plant, potassium (K) absorption mechanism has been widely studied. However, as for cotton genotypes with different K efficiency, how they related to the absorption patterns under K starvation is not fully understood. In this hydroponic experiment, plants were grown at different K levels: low (K1, 2 mg/L) and adequate K level (K2, 20 mg/L) for 2 weeks. K+ absorption kinetic parameters were got by Michaelis–Menten equation. By applying K channel-blocking agent, tetraethylammonium and protein modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide, we evaluated the differences in K absorption mechanisms for two typical cotton genotypes (K-efficient genotype 103 and K-inefficient genotype 122). Results showed that higher affinity to K+ and better root formation of genotype 103 resulting in better adaptation in low-K+ condition, whether grown in low or adequate K+ environment. Further study with K+ absorption inhibitors suggested the two genotypes grown in low-K+ environment absorbed K+ mainly by high-affinity K+ absorption systems, and for seedlings grown in adequate K condition, genotype 103 absorbed K+ with both K channels and high-affinity proton and mainly by high-affinity K channels, while genotype 122 absorbed K+ by K channels. These results indicated that the low-K condition could induce higher affinity to absorb K+, and the two cottons with different K efficiency mainly due to different low-K adaptation and absorb K+ with different patterns. This could provide a possible theory for the selection of K-efficient varieties.  相似文献   

4.
Potassium (K) is one of the major mineral elements required for normal growth of cotton. However, understanding the effect of controlled‐release K fertilizer on leaf photosynthesis and K use efficiency (KUE) of cotton is currently limited. A two‐year pot experiment was consecutively conducted in 2014 and 2015 with three kinds of K fertilizer including K2SO4, KCl, and polymer‐coated KCl (CRK), each at four application rates (0.00, 0.86, 1.73, and 2.59 g K plant−1, respectively). For each type of K fertilizer, the yield and K uptake of cotton increased but the KUE decreased with higher K fertilizer application. The release characteristics of K from CRK corresponded well to the K requirements during cotton growth. Plant‐available soil K, as well as leaf SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) in CRK treatments were increased after full bloom stage compared to conventional K fertilizers under the same potassium application rate. Consequently, the CRK treatments significantly increased lint cotton yields by 8.1–32.7% and 3.7–20.8%, while the KUE increased by 15.5–54.8% and 14.5–45.4% compared to KCl and K2SO4 treatments, respectively. The results indicate that the application of CRK is intensively recommended to replace conventional potassium fertilizers for gaining greater yields and higher KUE of cotton.  相似文献   

5.
以钾高效高潜基因型HG103和低效低潜基因型LG122为材料,在盆栽条件下研究了钾对不同棉花基因型叶片解剖结构的影响。结果显示:花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶主叶脉的上、下表皮细胞排列较LG122紧密和整齐,而下部叶片则相反;缺钾后HG103上部叶主叶脉比LG122发育得好;HG103叶脉维管束木质部具有较多导管数,利于养分和水分等的运输,而LG122木质部导管数相对较少;HG103上部叶叶脉的韧皮部比LG122较为发达,利于光合产物运输。花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶的叶肉细胞结构与LG122差别不大,下部叶的栅栏组织则没有LG122排列的整齐。缺钾时,HG103上部叶叶肉的上表皮细胞比LG122排列的较为整齐,栅栏组织和海绵组织形状较规则;而下部叶LG122栅栏组织和海绵组织比HG103分化得好。  相似文献   

6.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important cash crops in the world, and potassium (K) is an important limiting factor for cotton farming. Therefore, it is critical to improve K-use efficiency by selecting or breeding cotton genotypes with high K-use efficiency. Through a pot experiment with low-K soil, this article documentes the differences in vessel element anatomy and root hair traits between two cotton genotypes with different K-use efficiencies at both seedling and boll stages. Experimental results showed that at the seedling stage both frequency and length of root hair in the genotype with high K-use efficiency were significantly greater than those of the genotype with low K-use efficiency, but the frequency and diameter of vessels were not significantly different between the two genotypes. In the boll stage, the vessel frequencies in root, stem, petiole, and carpophore; root hair frequency, and length of high K-use-efficiency genotype were all significantly greater than those of the low K-use-efficiency genotype. The denser and longer root hairs were often found and accompanied by thicker vessel elements in the genotype with high K-use efficiency. This means the genotype had greater nutrient uptake and transportation capacity. The root hairs, vessel elements in root, stem, petiole, and carpophore, formed a complete system for nutrient uptake and translocation. The results from this study provide valuable information for the breeding of high K-use-efficiency cotton.  相似文献   

7.
钾高效基因型棉花的筛选及其生理机制的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过营养液培养,设缺K和适K处理,进行棉花苗期培养,以苗期干物质的K效率系数(-K/ K)评价K效率差异,从86个不同系谱的棉花品种中分次逐步筛选,获得4个候选品种.对候选品种进行全生育期土培试验,设施K和不施K处理,获得皮棉产量,以皮棉产量的K效率系数(-K/ K)来反映品种间的K效率差异,确定103为K高效高潜力基因型,122为K低效低潜力基因型,163和165为K高效低潜力基因型.103具有较强的吸收土壤速效K、活化土壤缓效K的能力,并以较低的K含量往繁殖器官运输分配,建成较多的子棉和皮棉,这可能是其K高效的机制之一.  相似文献   

8.
以大铃、中铃和小铃3个不同铃重棉花基因型为材料,通过在盛花期测定棉株中部主茎和果枝叶面积及叶面积指数,并用14CO2饲喂中部主茎叶,研究了14CO2同化物在棉株不同层次"铃-叶系统"中的分配特征。结果表明,盛花期中部主茎和果枝单叶面积与铃重呈正相关。小铃基因型棉花群体盛花期叶面积指数最大;大铃基因型棉花蕾铃比中、小铃基因型表现出更强的库活性。主茎叶片产生的同化物除主要输送到对应的果枝外,还向上部、下部的库器官及主茎生长点输送;而流向其对应果枝的同化物,主要供应第一果节蕾铃。  相似文献   

9.
This study focuses on two genotypes of cotton and explores different factors that were able to affect the release of different forms of potassium (K) in the rhizosphere by considering a biogeochemical process integrating plants, soils, and microorganisms. The study indicated that both genotypes of cotton could effectively absorb exchangeable potassium (eK) under limited potassium (LK) supply, and cotton plants could use LK to sustain offspring, preferably under K-deficiency conditions. It was mainly due to its significantly greater active absorbing surface area of root and comparatively greater K+ maximum uptake rate (Imax), which caused more K accumulation in the high-efficiency genotype cotton (HEG). Although Imax of the low-efficiency genotype cotton’s (LEG’s) was greater, K accumulation in LEG was less, which might be attributed to its significantly lower HEG and feedback inhibition on K taken up by greater K concentration in the plant. The lint yield had a significant positive correlation with boll number per plant, single boll weight, plant height, and number of fruit branches, which indicated that increasing these agronomic parameters is the base for increasing lint yield. There was a synergic action among humus, microorganisms, and K in the rhizosphere soil. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of reduced soils was less under oxidized condition, due to collapse of the interlayer in response to increased layer charge upon structural Fe reduction. Crop yields can be increased when fertilizer K is applied according to proper ratio among different forms of potassium and humic acid in soils. The middle-high plant height, lower initial fruit branch, more fruit branches, more bolls, and larger boll size should receive more attention during high-yielding cotton breeding.  相似文献   

10.
To study the differences in growth and potassium (K)–use efficiency of two different K-use-efficiency cotton genotypes, a pot experiment was conducted in 2007. Experimental materials include two cotton genotypes (HG103 and LG122) and two K application levels (0 and 0.23 g kg–1 soil). The initial dates of various growth stages, plant heights, numbers of leaves, squares, and bolls, and the amount of litter during the whole growing season were recorded. The distribution and accumulation of dry matter and K content in various organs were measured to compare the differences in K-use efficiency. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two genotypes and K levels were found in initial bolling time. At the reproductive growth stage, the plant heights and leaf number of HG103 were less than those of LG122. Greater numbers of squares and bolls were recorded from HG103 than LG122 with K application. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in dry matter and K contents in each organ in the two genotypes and K-application levels. The seed cotton yields of HG103 were 3.24 times larger than those of LG122 with K application and 1.77 times larger than those of LG122 with the marginal K treatments. Reproductive-to-vegetative ratios (RVR) and harvest indices (HI) of LG122 were less than those of HG103 whether K was applied or not. The ratios of K in reproductive organs to vegetative organs for LG122 were 0.47 and 0.51 with K application and the marginal treatments, respectively, and for HG103 were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. The K accumulations in root, stem, and litter of LG122 were more than those of HG103, whereas those in leaves and bolls were less than those of HG103. These results indicated that HG103 transferred more photosynthesis products and K to cotton reproductive organs than LG122.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, in order to investigate the boron (B) efficiency and response to changes in leaves structure and chemical compositions correlated with B efficiency, two different cotton genotypes including genotype 103 and genotype 122 were treated by B-deficiency (0 mg L?1) or moderate B (0.2 mg L?1). All the seedlings were grown in hydroponics situation with modified Hoagland and Arnon solution under greenhouse conditions for 6 weeks. The changes in chemical compositions and cell structure of leaves as a consequence of B deficiency were revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the leaves of genotype 122 appeared crinkled and prolapsed having more obvious symptoms than genotype 103. Besides, the dry mass of every part was higher while B concentration was lower in genotype 103, indicating that genotype 103 was much tolerant to low B, which was related to higher B utilization efficiency of genotype 103 under B-deprived condition. In addition, B deficiency stunted the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose and lignin, which is noticed more seriously in leaves of genotype 122, and the structure and integrity of cells were significantly destroyed by B starvation. These results indicated that genotype 103 had higher B efficiency than genotype 122, and the changes in the chemical composition and cell structure might be either specific or adaptive responses to B efficiency.  相似文献   

12.
Identification of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes efficient in potassium (K) uptake and utilization, under K-deficient conditions represents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for low-K-input agriculture. It would reduce the costly input of K-fertilizers and manage K resources in agro-ecosystems. We ranked 25 cotton genotypes for their K use efficiency under deficient and adequate K regimes in hydroponics, using two different methods. K deficiency generally reduced cotton growth; however, K-efficient genotypes accumulated more biomass due to higher K uptake. Genotype NIBGE-2 exhibited excellent adaptation potential in terms of high shoot dry weight under both K regimes and ranked as the only most desirable, “efficient-responsive” genotype. Genotype CIM-506 produced low shoot dry weight under low K condition and ranked as “non-efficient.” Genotype Desi okra produced low shoot dry weight at adequate K level and ranked as “non-responsive.” Genotype ranking using two different methods ensured the validity of results.  相似文献   

13.
A pot experiment with two rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes differing in internal potassium use efficiency (IKUE) was conducted under different sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels. Adding NaCl at a proper level enhanced rice vegetative growth and increased grain yield and IKUE under low potassium. Addition of higher rate of NaCl had a negative effect on the growth of the K-efficient rice genotype, but did not for the K-inefficient genotype. Under low-K stress, higher NaCl decreased IKUE of the K-efficient rice genotype but increased IKUE for the K-inefficient genotype. At tillering stage and under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and decreased the ratio of K/Na for both genotypes. At harvesting stage under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and K/Na ratio for the K-efficient genotype but decreased the K/Na ratio for the K-inefficient genotype. The accumulated Na was mostly deposited in the roots and sheaths. At tillering stage, the K and Na contents and the K/Na ratios in different parts for both genotypes decreased in the following sequence: K+ in sheaths > K+ in blades > K+ in roots; Na+ in roots > Na+ in sheaths > Na+ in blades; and K/Na in sheaths >> K/Na in roots. The K-efficient genotype had a lower K/Na ratio in roots and sheaths than the K-inefficient genotype under low-K stress. At harvesting stage, K and Na contents in grains were not affected, whereas K/Na ratio in the rice straws was increased for the K-efficient genotype but decreased for the K-inefficient genotype by Na addition. However, this was not the case under K sufficient condition.  相似文献   

14.
【目的】钾是植物生长发育所必需的营养元素之一,缺钾影响棉花的生长。钠与钾有一些相同的生理功能,钠钾替代和协同作用是提高作物钾效率有效途径之一。研究钠钾替代对不同基因型棉花钾效率的影响,旨在为生产中科学高效利用钾肥提供依据。【方法】于2013~2014年在华中农业大学利用盆栽试验,筛选并获得了钾高效高增产潜力棉花基因型103和钾低效低增产潜力棉花基因型122为试验材料,采用营养液培养对不同K+、Na+浓度处理条件下棉花苗期农艺性状(株高、根长和叶片数)、干物质积累与分配、各部位(根、茎、叶和柄)钾钠含量和钾钠积累量等进行了研究,探讨了钠钾替代作用对其钾素利用效率的影响。【结果】缺钾的条件下,施钠增加了两个基因型的根长,且103增加的幅度大于122;增加了103和122各部位干重和根冠比,而减少了根和茎的钾含量,对各部位钾积累量影响不明显,施钠还能显著提高基因型棉花103的钾利用效率,其为不施钠时的1.37倍。另外,适钾的条件下施钠,两个基因型的根长都有所增加,且103增加的幅度大于122;103和122各部位干重和总干重都显著增加,但二者根和叶钾含量显著降低,除了叶和柄其他各个部位的钾积累量都不同程度的提高;同时,103和122的钾利用效率均增加,103增加了28%,大于122的19%。此外,钾钠交互作用对根长和株高的相对生长速率,各部位干物重和根、叶中钾、钠含量和积累量以及全株钾利用效率都有显著影响。【结论】无论是否施钾、施钠均能增加两个基因型棉花的根长,通过促进根系的伸长来提高棉花对钾的吸收和生物量的积累。缺钾时施钠显著增加了103的钾效率,且适钾时施钠高效基因型103的钾效率增加幅度大于低效基因型122,表明钠钾替代和协同效应对钾高效基因型103比低效基因型122更显著。  相似文献   

15.
China imports most of its potassium (K) requirements for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate indica rice hybrids for K‐use efficiency. Twenty‐eight indica rice hybrids were evaluated in nutrient solution. The K influx rate was greatest in genotype Weiyou 64 (684.9 nmol K+ plant?1 h?1) and least in genotype Xie A/909 (457.2 nmol K+ plant?1 h?1). The K‐use efficiency was greatest in genotype ShanA/909 [81.8 mg dry matter (DM) produced per mg K taken up] and least in genotype Shanyou 64 (55.9 mg mg?1). The maximum biomass was produced by genotype Shan A/4663‐5 (100.8 mg DM per plant), and the least biomass was produced by genotype Xie A/4663‐4 (59.1 mg DM per plant). These results suggest that K shortage for rice production can be alleviated by using K‐efficient rice genotypes.  相似文献   

16.
烤烟钾素营养特性的基因型差异研究   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  
以10个烤烟基因型为材料,进行了离子耗竭溶液培养、土壤耗竭盆栽试验和田间小区试验,研究比较钾素营养特性的基因型差异。结果表明,不同基因型的吸钾速率和耐低钾能力差异显著。吸钾速率以红大和K358最大,耐低钾能力Nc27NF和K358最强,Nc729最弱。10个基因型全株含钾量在低钾水平下变幅为0.87%～1.25%,而在高钾水平下为1.40%～1.94%。高钾条件下,基因型G28、77089-12、Rg11和Nc82的叶片含钾量高于2%;K358、Coker319、K346和Nc27NF有较高的钾素利用效率,K346、Nc729、G28和K358的钾素收获指数大于50%。各烤烟基因型的钾素营养特性在不同供钾条件下无显著相关性。综合比较K346属于钾高效基因型。  相似文献   

17.
Potassium (K) is an important nutrient for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Matsum. & Nakai). However, there is little knowledge about genetic variations in K efficiency in watermelon. Sixty‐four watermelon genotypes were grown under conditions of ample (6 mM) and limited (0.1 mM) K supply in a glasshouse. Thirty‐eight wild genotypes (C. lanatus var. citroide) and 26 domesticated genotypes (C. lanatus var. lanatus) were cultivated hydroponically for 30 d. Shoot dry weight, shoot K concentration, K uptake, K‐use index (shoot dry weight / shoot K concentration), relative shoot dry weight (shoot dry weight under limited K / shoot dry weight under ample K), and relative shoot K concentration (shoot K concentration under limited K / shoot K concentration under ample K) were determined. Significant differences were observed among genotypes. The K efficiency was classified based on a medium‐efficiency interval which is equivalent to the 95% confidence interval of the mean relative shoot dry weight and relative shoot K concentration. Genotypic data above or below this interval were classified as either K‐efficient or K‐inefficient. We identified eight K‐efficient genotypes, of which four were wild types. Thus, wild watermelons can be used in breeding programs to improve the K efficiency of domesticated watermelons.  相似文献   

18.
Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) transgenic (insect-resistant) cotton cultivars senesce prematurely under potassium (K+) deficiency, more often than conventional cultivars, in the North China Plain. To verify if Bt-transgenic cotton was more susceptible to K+ deficit, two transgenic cultivars, ‘CCRI 41’ and ‘DP 99B’, and two conventional cultivars, ‘CCRI 35’ and ‘CCRI 36’, selected from widely used cultivars in China, were used in a seedling hydroponic study. The culture solution K+ concentration was 0.5 mM for high K+ and 0.02 mM for low K+ conditions. Seedlings of all four cultivars accumulated more dry matter and K+ when grown at high K+ than low K+ conditions. However, under low K+ condition, the dry weight and K+ content of Bt-transgenic cultivars CCRI 41 and DP 99B were lower than those of the conventional cultivars CCRI 36 and CCRI 35. The results indicated that Bt-transgenic cultivars CCRI 41 and DP 99B were more sensitive to K+ deficiency than conventional cultivars CCRI 36 and CCRI 35, which could be the reason for premature senescence symptoms observed from fields of Bt-transgenic cotton under K+ deficiency. Seedlings of all four cultivars had a higher K+ use efficiency (KUE) under low K+ than high K+ conditions, but the KUE did not account for the differential responses between Bt-transgenic and conventional cultivars at the low K+ concentration. The K+ depletion results did not reveal the mechanism for the above differential responses in Vmax and Km of the seedlings either. Further experiments with more cultivars are needed to clarify the differential mechanisms in these genotypes.  相似文献   

19.
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Plant growth and development can be seriously affected by K deficiency. However, plants with different K efficiencies behave differently. It is still not fully understood how plants with higher K efficiency could maintain better growth in a low K environment and what is the relationship between K recycling and photosynthesis metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the difference in K re-translocation and photosynthesis transportation can explain genotype differences in K efficiency between K-efficient genotype 103 and K-inefficient genotype 122. Results of this study showed that the dry matter accumulation of genotype 122 decreased much more than that of genotype 103 affected by K deficiency environment. Root growth of the two genotypes was inhibited by K deficiency, but genotype 122 was affected more than genotype 103. Using the K utilization index as an evaluation factor for K efficiency, it was found that genotype 103 was significantly higher than genotype 122. Potassium affected the K distribution in plants for both the genotypes. Potassium was distributed more to the stem and leafstalk in a normal K environment whereas it was more to the leaf and root in a low K environment, especially for genotype 103. Potassium also affected photosynthetic products’ distribution. The leaf of genotype 122 accumulated most of its photosynthetic product while genotype 103 had better ability to transport it into the root to maintain better growth under a K-deficient environment. Results of this study indicated that more K recycling into the root and more efficient transport of the photosynthetic product into the root contribute to better root growth and therefore increased tolerance to K deficiency.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Potassium (K) deficiency affects cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth. Sodium (Na) can substitute K for some non-specific functions in plants. Four cotton genotypes were evaluated for their growth rates and K use efficiency grown at various K:Na. The cotton genotypes and treatments had significant (p < 0.01) effect on biomass production, growth rate related parameters, K use efficiency, and K: Na ratio. Maximum total dry matter (2.57 g plant-1) was accumulated by ‘NIBGE-2’ and minimum (1.91 g plant?1) was by ‘FH-1000’. Maximum K:Na ratio in shoot was obtained by ‘MNH-786’ and minimum was by ‘NIBGE-2’when 1/3rd K was replaced with Na. Genotypes and various treatments significantly (p < 0.05) influenced specific utilization rate (SUR) and K transport rate (KTR). There was a significant relationship (R2 = 0.84, n = 60) between shoot dry matter and K: Na ratio in shoot. Overall, the growth was better when K and Na were added in ratio of 3:1.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号