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1.
The objective of this study was to determine relations between Al effects and mineral concentrations in citrus seedlings. Six‐month‐old seedlings of five citrus rootstocks were grown for 60 days in supernatant nutrient solutions of Al, P, and other nutrients. The solutions contained seven levels of Al ranging from 4 to 1655 μM. Al and similar P concentrations of 28 μM P. Aluminum concentrations in roots and shoots increased with increasing Al concentration in the nutrient solution. Aluminum concentrations in roots of Al‐tolerant rootstocks were higher than those of Al‐sensitive rootstocks. When Al concentrations in nutrient solution increased from 4 to 178 μM, the K, Mg, and P concentrations in roots and the K and P levels in shoots increased. Conversely, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in the roots and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the shoots decreased. The more tolerant rootstocks contained higher Fe concentrations in their roots than did the less tolerant ones when Al concentrations in solution were lower than 308 μM. Concentrations of other elements (Ca, K, P, Mg, Zn, and Mn) in roots or shoots exhibited no apparent relationship to the Al tolerance for root or shoot growth of the rootstocks. Calcium, K, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations in roots and Mg and K concentrations in shoots of all five rootstocks seedlings had significant negative correlations with Al concentrations in corresponding roots or shoots.  相似文献   

2.
Soil acidity is often associated with toxic aluminum (Al), and mineral uptake usually decreases in plants grown with excess Al. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Al (0, 35, 70, and 105 μM) on Al, phsophorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn,) and copper (Cu) uptake in shoots and roots of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. SC283] colonized with the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi isolates Glomus intraradices UT143–2 (UT143) and Glomus etunicatum UT316A‐2 (UT316) and grown in sand (pH 4.8). Mycorrhizal (+VAM) plants had higher shoot and root dry matter (DM) than nonmycorrhizal (‐VAM) plants. The VAM treatment had significant effects on shoot concentrations of P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn; shoot contents of P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu; root concentrations of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu; and root contents of Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. The VAM effects on nutrient concentrations and contents and DM generally followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > ‐VAM. The VAM isolate UT143 particularly enhanced Zn uptake, and both VAM isolates enhanced uptake of P and Cu in shoots and roots, and various other nutrients in shoots or roots.  相似文献   

3.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) benefit plants by allowing them to grow and produce in relatively harsh mineral stress environments. This has been attributed extensively to ability of AMF to expand the volume of soil for which mineral nutrients are made available to plants compared to what roots themselves would contact. This article reviews the effects of AMF on enhancing/reducing acquisition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), boron (B), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and some trace elements in plants. The nutrients enhanced most in host plants grown in many soils (e.g., high and low soil pH) are P, N, Zn, and Cu, but K, Ca, and Mg are enhanced when plants are grown in acidic soils. Many AMF have also the ability to ameliorate Al and Mn toxicities for plants are grown in acidic soil.  相似文献   

4.
Reports on varietal diversity of upland rice in relation to relatively low aluminium (Al) levels are limited. Therefore, effects were examined of 35, 70, and 140 μM Al on plant growth and uptake of macro‐ and micro‐nutrients (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) and their distribution in three upland rice (Oryza saliva L.) cultivars (BG35, DA14, and IR45) with different Al sensitivity. After an initial growth period of 5 days without Al, the plants were grown for 21 days in nutrient solutions containing Al at pH 4.1. Cultivar BG35 showed the highest and IR45 the lowest tolerance to Al when fresh weights of shoots or roots were considered. Except for IR45 at 140 μM Al, total dry weight was unaffected by Al, and the cultivars could not be clearly distinguished with respect to Al tolerance. Net Al uptake rate was higher in Al tolerant BG35 than in DA14 or IR45. Conversely, in IR45 the absorbed Al was rapidly transported to the shoots and accumulated there. In BG35, net P and Ca uptake rates in Al‐treated plants were high enough to maintain the P and Ca status of the shoots at all Al levels. Irrespective of Al sensitivity, there was a general depression of internal Mg concentration in Al‐reated plants. The Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations of the plants were not negatively affected by Al in any of the cultivars.  相似文献   

5.
Critical concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) with respect to dry matter yield end antagonistic and synergistic relationships among these nutrients were studied in which tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was grown in recirculating nutrient solution (NFT). Increments of nutrient elements in the nutrient solution increased the proportional rate of the corresponding nutrient elements. Increasing levels of N negatively correlated with plant P and positively correlated with Ca, Fe, and Zn. Iron and Mn contents of the plants were increased and N, K, Ca, and Mg were decreased as a function of P applied. Increases in K in the nutrient solution caused increases in the concentrations of K, N, P, and Zn, and decreases in the concentration of Ca and Fe. Applied Ca increased the concentrations of Ca and N, and decreased the concentrations of P, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn. Potassium, Ca, and Fe contents of the plants were decreased and Zn increased, while N, P, and Mn were not affected by the increasing levels of external Mg. Iron suppressed the plant Mg, Zn, and Mn contents. Synergism between Zn and Fe was seen, while P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn contents were not affected by Zn levels. Potassium, Ca, Mg, and Fe were not responsive to applied Mn, however, N and P contents of the plants were decreased at the highest levels of Mn.  相似文献   

6.
Two Ca‐efficient and 3 Ca‐inefficient tomato lines selected on the basis of dry matter production, Ca concentrations in tissues, and severity of Ca deficiency symptoms were grown in nutrient solutions containing 6 levels of total Ca ranging from 15 to 365 mg in 70 mg increments. All lines responded to increased Ca supply by increasing in dry weight and by accumulating Ca. The critical Ca concentrations in the shoots were 0.25% and 0.40% on a dry weight basis for the efficient and inefficient lines, respectively. Concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, P, and NO3 ‐ were lower in shoots and except for Mg were lower in roots of efficient plants than in the inefficient plants. For all lines as more Ca was available in the media and as Ca increased in the shoots and roots, the concentrations of the nutrients other than Ca declined. The declines in concentrations of K and Mg were not due to dilution by higher dry matter production in the efficient lines relative to the inefficient ones, although the total accumulation of Ca, P, and NO3 ‐ did not vary with Ca supplied. Antagonism among cations may account for differences in efficiency among lines of tomato.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of increasing aluminum (Al) concentrations on root nutrient contents along with the concurrent translocation to the shoot of C4 plants prompted this study. Two‐week‐old maize (Zea mays cv XL‐72.3) plants were therefore submitted for 20 days to Al concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.00 mM in a medium with low ionic strength were used as a test system. Aluminum concentrations in root tissues showed a 3‐fold increase between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatment, and was not detected in the shoot. Root plasma membrane‐H+ ATPase activity decreased after the 0.33 mg L‐1 Al treatment, while membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al treatment. Root and shoot biomass decreased after the 0.33 mM Al treatment. All elements in the roots, except potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were highest for plants treated with 0.33 mM Al. Potassium increased continuously between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatments, and iron (Fe) decreased above 0.33 mM. Only a slight decrease in nitrogen (N) was observed. All the measured nutrients in shoots, except N, Mn, and Fe decreased above 0.33 mM, but calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) had little variation as Al varied. Data indicated that maximum net uptake for mineral nutrients, except Mn, occurred up to 0.33 mM Al. Translocation of phosphorus (P), K, Mn, and Zn decreased above 0.33 mM Al, N, and Ca decreased when any Al was added, and no clear trend was observed for Mg and Fe. Between the 0 and the 3.00 mM Al treatments, electrolytic conductance did not increased significantly indicating that the observed inhibitions of translocation from roots to shoots were not directly related to increasing membrane degradation.  相似文献   

8.
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on the physiological and mineralogical properties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Minorimugi’). The plants were grown in nutrient solution treated with 0, 6.7, 33.5, and 67 μ M As (0, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ppm As, respectively) in the phytotron. Dry matter yield of shoots and roots decreased significantly with the As treatments, indicating that barley plants are As-sensitive and As-toxicity depends on the As concentration in the rooting medium. Necrosis in older leaves and chlorosis symptoms (whitish color) in the fully developed young leaves were observed at the 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments. Arsenic concentration, accumulation, and translocation increased with the increase of As concentration in the rooting medium. Arsenic was mostly concentrated in roots and a little amount was moved to shoots, indicating that As was not easily translocated to shoots of barley seedlings. Concentrations and accumulations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) decreased significantly in shoots for 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments as compared to the 0 μ M As treatment. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu decreased in roots, but Zn concentration increased in roots at 67 μ M As treatment. Accumulations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu in roots also decreased significantly at 67 μ M As treatment. Accumulation of P and the cations showed negative relationship with As. Concentration of Fe decreased in shoots at 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments where chlorosis was induced in the young leaf but increased in roots at 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments. It was suggested that As might induce iron (Fe)-chlorosis in the plants. Among the micronutrients, Fe translocation was more affected than others by As. Phytosiderophore (PS) accumulation in roots, which is a symptom of Fe-deficiency in grasses, did not change significantly between 0 and 33.5 μ M As treatments; indicating that As-induced chlorosis did not enhance PS accumulation in roots and decreased due to As-toxicity at 67 μ M As treatment.  相似文献   

9.
Mycorrhizal (+VAM) and nonmycorrhizal (‐VAM) maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in sand culture in a greenhouse to determine effects of MES [2(N‐morpholino)‐ethanesulfonic acid] (2.0 mM) and pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) on mineral nutrient uptake. Plants were inoculated with the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) isolate Glomus intraradices UT143. Shoot and root dry matter yields were lower in plants grown with MES (+MES) than without MES (‐MES), and decreased as pH increased. Shoot concentrations of N, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn were generally higher in +MES than in ‐MES plants, and nutrient contents of most nutrients were generally higher in + MES than in ‐MES plants. Concentrations of N, Ca, Mg, and Mn increased and P, S, and Fe decreased, while contents of all measured nutrients except Mn and Zn decreased as pH increased. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu were higher in +VAM than in ‐VAM plants, and contents of P and Ca were higher in ‐VAM than in +VAM plants and Zn content was higher in +VAM than in ‐VAM plants. MES had marked effects on mineral nutrient uptake which should be considered when MES is used to control pH of nutrient solutions for growth of maize.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Experiments were conducted using different NO3 –/NH4 + ratios to determine the effects of these sources of N on mineral element uptake by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants grown in nutrient solution. The NO3 –/NH4 + ratios in nutrient solution were 200/0, 195/5, 190/10, and 160/40 mg N L–1. Nutrient solutions were sampled daily and plants harvested every other day during the 12‐day treatment period.

Moderately severe Fe deficiencies were observed on leaves of plants grown with 200/0 NO3 –/NH4 + solutions, but not on the leaves of plants grown with the other NO3 –/NH4 + ratios. As plants aged, less Fe, Mn, and Cu were translocated from the roots to leaves and leaf/root ratios of these elements decreased dramatically in plants grown with 200/0 NO3 –/NH4 + solutions. Extensive amounts of Fe, Mn, and Cu accumulated in or on the roots of plants grown with 200/0 NO3 –/NH4 + solutions. Manganese and Cu may have interacted strongly with Fe to inhibit Fe translocation to leaves and to induce Fe deficiency. As the proportion of NH4 + in solution increased, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentrations decreased in the leaves, and Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu concentrations decreased in roots. Potassium and Zn tended to increase in roots as NH4 + in solution increased.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of manganese (Mn) on the growth and Mn-induced changes in nutrients uptake and translocation in Mn hyperaccumulator Phytolacca acinosa was investigated in this study. Results showed that high Mn (5000 μ M) in culture solution lead to typical Mn toxicity symptoms in leaves of P. acinosa and decrease of dry matter accumulation in shoots whereas there are no obvious toxicity symptoms and significant decrease of dry weight in roots. Manganese accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves increased with the increment of Mn concentration at the medium level. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) concentration in organs of P. acinosa decreased as the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution increased, but the Ca and Mg concentrations were still at a normal level and the Fe concentration at a sufficient level when compared with the normal plants. The Zn concentration affected by higher Mn level occurred only in roots of P. acinosa and the P concentration affected only in stems, whereas there were no significant influences of excess Mn on the potassium (K) and copper (Cu) concentration in organs of P. acinosa.  相似文献   

12.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of mycorrhizal colonization by Gigaspora margarita, Glomus intraradices, and Acaulospora laevis on nutrient uptake of K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn by Astragalus sinicus L. in soils spiked with lanthanum at five rates (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg−1). Lanthanum application significantly decreased the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe in shoots and the concentrations of Cu and Zn in roots. Mycorrhizal treatments markedly improved uptake of nutrients, and these results are important since nutrient deficiency often occurs in contaminated sites.  相似文献   

13.
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study effects of chromium (Cr) stress on the subcellular distribution and chemical form of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in two rice genotypes differing in Cr accumulation. The results showed that Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn ions were mainly located in cell walls and vacuoles in roots. However, large amounts of metal ions were transferred from the vacuole to the nucleus and to other functional organelles in shoots. Chromium concentrations in the nutrient solution of 50 μM and above significantly decreased Ca concentrations in the chloroplast/trophoplast, the nucleus, and in mitochondria. It further increased Mg concentrations in the nucleus and in mitochondria, as well as Zn and Fe concentrations in the chloroplast/trophoplast. These Cr‐induced changes in ion concentrations were associated with a significant reduction in plant biomass. It is suggested that Cr stress interferes with the functions of mineral nutrients in rice plants, thus causing a serious inhibition of plant growth. The chemical forms of the four nutrients were determined by successive extraction. Except for Ca, which was mainly chelated with insoluble phosphate and oxalic acid, Mg, Zn, and Fe were extractable by 80% ethanol, d‐H2O, and 1μM NaCl. The results indicated that these low–molecular weight compounds, such as organic acids and amino acids, may play an important role in deposition and translocation of Mg, Zn, and Fe in the xylem system of rice plants.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of the interaction between sodium chloride, nitrate, and concentrations on growth and internal ion content of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants were studied, to understand the relationship between the above parameters and salt tolerance. Increased salinity substantially reduced the dry weight of roots and shoots and increased the root/shoot biomass ratio. Additional nitrate‐N considerably moderated the salinity effects on these parameters. The promotive effects of nitrate‐N were more pronounced on shoot dry weight. These results suggest that an exogenous supply of nitrate‐N would improve the vegetative growth of V. faba plants by moderating the suppresive effects of salinity. The evolution of the root and shoot content in potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and nitrogen (N) was monitored during vegetative growth. A high correspondence between total N and Ca content was found. The acquisition of Ca and K in response to salt and nitrate was similar in shoots and roots, whereas Mg uptake showed notable differences in the two organs. In salt‐affected plants, the roots were found to be high in accumulated Na while the shoots exhibited the lowest Na concentration. Potassium accumulation was higher in the shoots. In this way, there was an antagonistic effect between Na and K uptake. Analyses of the nutrient contents in plant organs have provided a data base on salt‐tolerance mechanisms of V. faba plants.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nutrient accumulation remain unclear. However, studies concerning crop improvement for Cd tolerance suggest the use of biotechnology techniques such as tissue culture. It is still unknown whether in vitro cells respond to Cd exposure in a way similar to plants. In this paper, the objectives were (1) to characterize the effects of Cd exposure in macronutrient and micronutrient accumulation in different sunflower organs/tissues and (2) to compare the behavior of two culture systems (plants vs. tissue culture) regarding Cd and nutrient accumulation. To achieve these aims, sunflower plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of Cd (at levels of 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). For in vitro cultures, seeds were germinated axenically and leaf explants were then grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). One-month-old calluses were grown on MS medium containing 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M Cd. After 21 d of exposure to 500 μ M, all plants were dead. The contents of macro- and micronutrients and of Cd were determined by ICPS in 18 d-exposed plants and calluses and in calluses exposed for six months to 50 μ M Cd. At day 18, Cd content increased in leaves, roots, and calluses. Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots. Exposed calluses suffered decreases only in Mg, Ca, and Mn contents. The contents of most of these nutrients in six-month-exposed calluses were similar to those of the control calluses, indicating that these long-term exposed in vitro cells developed mechanisms for regulating the effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrients.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

In two pot experiments, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinlu No. 3) seedlings were each inoculated with one of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, or Glomus versiforme, or uninoculated. Seedling growth and weight of single fruit were investigated. The results indicated that growth of seedlings was significantly enhanced by G. mosseae, inhibited by G. versiforme, and not significantly influenced by G. intraradices. The dry weight of seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae was 1.2 times its counterparts. The concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in roots and magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentration in shoots were increased by inoculating the three AMF, and potassium (K) and iron (Fe) concentrations in shoots decreased significantly. The weights of single fruit of plants preinoculated with G. mosseae and G. versiforme were about 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than those from the uninoculated treatment, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Plants grown in acidic soil usually require relatively high amounts of available phosphorus (P) to optimize growth and productivity, and sources of available P are often added to meet these requirements. Phosphorus may also be made available at relatively high rates in native soil when roots are colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Addition of P to soil usually reduces root‐AMF colonization and decreases beneficial effects ofAMF to plants. In glasshouse experiments, soil treatments of P [0 P (Control), 50 mg soluble‐P kg?1 as KH2PO4 (SP), and 200 mg P kg?1 as phosphate rock (PR)], organic matter (OM) at 12.5 g kg?1, AMF (Glomus darum), and various combinations of these (OM+SP, OM+PR, AMF+SP, AMF+PR, AMF+OM, AMF+OM+SP, and AMF+OM+PR) were added to steam treated acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult, pHw=5.8) to determine treatment effects on growth and mineral acquisition by chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.). The various treatment applications increased shoot dry matter (DM) above the Control, but not root DM. Percentage AMF‐root colonization increased 2‐fold or more when mycorrhizal plants were grown with AMF, OM+SP, and OM+PR. Regardless of P source, plant acquisition of P, sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) was enhanced compared to the Control, and mineral enhancement was greater in PR compared to SP plants. Mycorrhizal plants also had enhanced acquisition of macronutrients. OM+SP and OM+PR enhanced acquisition of P, K, and Mg, but not Ca. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Al were generally lower than Controls in SP, RP, AMF+PR, AMF+SP, and OM plants, and mycorrhizal plants especially had enhanced micronutrients. Relative agronomic effectiveness values for shoot DM and shoot P, Ca, and Mg contents were considerably higher for PR, including OM+PR, AMF+PR, and AMF+OM+PR, than for SP. PR and OM applications to AMF plants are low‐cost attractive and ecologically sound alternatives to intensive use of P fertilizers for crops grown in acidic soils.  相似文献   

18.
Narcissus cv. “Garden Giant” bulbs were grown in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, or Fe-deficient solutions and compared with bulbs grown in the control solution containing all these nutrients. Plants were sampled at 4 stages: (I) at planting, (II) at sprouting, (III) after flower senescence and/or after visible deficiency symptoms developed, and (IV) at lifting. Observation of visible deficiency symptoms showed that leaves of narcissus displayed chlorosis in the —N, —Mg, and —Fe treatments, while roots were most susceptible to Ca-deficient conditions. Root tips in the —Ca treatment showed brown in followed by root rot. In the —N treatment, shoot growth was markedly retarded and leaves were small and yellow. On the other hand, visible deficiency symptoms were not evident in the —P treatment except for early senescence. K deficiency symptoms were also not evident. Narcissus flowers were not affected by the mineral deficiencies and mineral contents in full-bloom flowers were not different between samples.

In the control plants, there was a large accumulation of N in the roots at sprouting and the content decreased thereafter. Large amounts of K accumulated in roots more than in any other organs. On the other hand the Ca content was high in the tunic and Ca in the scales was hardly mobilized thoughout the growth period. A large proportion of each element eventually accumulated in new inner scales whereas only a small fraction in the old outer scales. The -N, -Ca, and -Mg treatments severely depressed dry matter accumulation, unlike the -P, -K, and -Fe treatments. The -N treatment did not affect the concentration of other minerals, but the -P treatment tended to decrease N, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations. On the other hand, the -K treatment increased Ca and Mg concentrations. -Ca caused an increase in Mg concentration and -Mg raised Ca concentration. These results may be due to compensation effects of cation absorption for the maintenance of the cation/anion balance.  相似文献   

19.
Associations between vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and manganese (Mn) nutrition/toxicity are not clear. This study was conducted to determine the effects of excess levels of Mn on mineral nutrient uptake in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal (+VAM) and non‐mycorrhizal (‐VAM) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, cv. NB9040]. Plants colonized with and without two VAM isolates [Glomus intraradices UT143–2 (UT1 43) and Gl. etunicatum UT316A‐2 (UT316)] were grown in sand irrigated with nutrient solution at pH 4.8 containing 0, 270, 540, and 1080 μM of added Mn (as manganese chloride) above the basal solution (18 μM). Shoot and root dry matter followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > ‐VAM, and shoots had greater differences than roots. Shoot and root concentrations and contents of Mn, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu were determined. The +VAM plants generally had higher mineral nutrient concentrations and contents than ‐VAM plants, although ‐VAM plants had higher concentrations and contents of some minerals than +VAM plants at some Mn levels. Plants colonized with UT143 had higher concentrations of shoot P, Ca, Zn, and Cu and higher root Mg, Zn, and Cu than UT316 colonized plants, while UT316 colonized plants had higher shoot and root K concentrations than UT143 colonized plants. These results showed that VAM isolates differ in enhancement of mineral nutrient uptake by sorghum.  相似文献   

20.
The mineral composition of Hevea brasiliensis shoots was analyzed at different stages of the microcutting procedure from mother plants grown in greenhouses to rooted microcuttings at the acclimatization stage. Compared to the mineral status of the mother plants, a mineral imbalance was noticed in shoots right from the in vitro establishment phase. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and zinc (Zn) contents increased, while calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) diminished, resulting in a substantial modification to the mineral balance. The N: P, N: K, Mg: P and K: Na ratios were very low, whereas the K: Mg, K: P, and K: Ca ratios were very high. During the multiplication phase, the N: P ratio returned virtually to its initial value but the other ratios remained modified. A mineral analysis of shoots after three years multiplication in vitro revealed a very low N: P ratio, a very high K: Ca ratio and a normal K: Na ratio. The same results were obtained right from the initial culture cycles on shoots developed in vitro from mother plants with a high multiplication potential. These results are discussed and lead us to consider the N: P, K: Ca, and K: Na ratios as potential markers of Hevea brasiliensis multiplication ability in vitro. During the rooting phase, the Mg: P and K: Ca ratios returned to their normal values, whereas the other ratios returned to normal values on formation of the second leaf flush ex‐vitro.  相似文献   

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