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1.
假隔链格孢(Nimbya alternantherae)SF-193防除空心莲子草田间高效使用技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
假隔链格孢(Nimbya alternantherae)SF-193是空心莲子草的强致病菌,能引起空心莲子草快速发病,有效地抑制空心莲子草生长.本文通过田间试验研究了生防真菌SF-193在田间的高效使用技术,结果表明,SF-193在田间防除空心莲子草的最适合浓度配比为1:5～1:10:3种喷雾器喷施SF-193对空心莲子草致病力无显著性差异:SF-193对新叶龄的防除效果好于对老叶龄的防除效果:与化学除草剂草甘膦、氯氟吡氧乙酸相比,SF-193原液7 d后对空心莲子草的鲜重防效高于氯氟吡氧乙酸,但与草甘膦的防效没有显著性差异. 相似文献
2.
假隔链格孢(Nimbya alternantherae)SF-193是空心莲子草的强致病菌,能引起空心莲子草快速发病,有效地抑制空心莲子草生长。本文通过田间试验研究了生防真菌SF-193在田间的高效使用技术,结果表明,SF-193在田间防除空心莲子草的最适合浓度配比为1∶5~1∶10;3种喷雾器喷施SF-193对空心莲子草致病力无显著性差异;SF-193对新叶龄的防除效果好于对老叶龄的防除效果;与化学除草剂草甘膦、氯氟吡氧乙酸相比,SF-193原液7 d后对空心莲子草的鲜重防效高于氯氟吡氧乙酸,但与草甘膦的防效没有显著性差异。 相似文献
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假隔链格孢SF-193的产孢特性及其分生孢子对空心莲子草的致病力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明SF-193的产孢特性,选取了8种产孢培养基,研究分别在自然光、黑光灯和黑暗的条件下对SF-193产孢的影响程度。试验结果表明,在黑光灯连续照射11d后,SF-193在PCA、CA、SNA、Czapek和组织煎汁5种培养基上有少量分生孢子产生,而在其他3种琼脂培养基上不产生分生孢子。PCA培养基中马铃薯与胡萝卜比例为1：5时,SF-193在9d后产孢量最大,10×10倍显微观察约60个孢子/视野;当CA培养基中的胡萝卜含量提高至80%左右时, SF-193在3d后达到最大产孢量,10×10倍显微观察约300个孢子/视野。研究了黑光灯照度与胡萝卜含量对SF-193产孢的影响。结果表明,在黑光灯照度为195～210lx、胡萝卜含量约为0.8g/ml时,SF-193在25℃培养6d后产孢量最大,约为6.5×10^5个孢子/ml。SF-193的分生孢子在田间对空心莲子草的致病力测定结果表明,经孢子浓度10^4个孢子/ml处理后,空心莲子草的病情指数为67.7。 相似文献
5.
假隔链格孢SF-193菌丝的生长特性及其寄主选择性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内条件下,研究了不同培养条件和营养条件对空心莲子草生防真菌假隔链格孢Nim- bya alternantherae菌株SF-193菌丝生长的影响,测定其对27科86种植物的安全性。结果表明,生防真菌SF-193菌株的最佳生长温度约为30℃,最适生长pH值为10～11,生长过程中需要适当的空气,光照条件对SF-193生长没有影响;以玉米粉、黄豆粉作为碳源,以蛋白胨、牛肉膏作为氮源的培养基成分最有利于SF-193菌株的生长。SF-193菌株对绝大多数非靶标植物、尤其是对大田主要农作物和蔬菜均不致病,安全性良好。 相似文献
6.
不同除草剂对空心莲子草的控制作用评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽试验,测定了氯氟吡氧乙酸、草甘膦和五氟磺草胺对不同生育期空心莲子草的控制作用,以株防效、鲜重防效和再生抑制率为指标,评价了不同除草剂对空心莲子草的控制效果。结果表明,药后7 d,氯氟吡氧乙酸、草甘膦和五氟磺草胺对不同生育期空心莲子草的株防效,均低于15%;药后15 d,氯氟吡氧乙酸和草甘膦对不同生育期的空心莲子草的株防效、鲜重防效均达100%,但五氟磺草胺对不同生育期的空心莲子草的株防效较差。药后30 d,氯氟吡氧乙酸和五氟磺草胺对不同生育期空心莲子草的再生抑制作用较强,抑制效果达74%以上;草甘膦对生长后期的再生抑制作用达81.3%。空心莲子草苗期对不同除草剂的反应最为敏感。氯氟吡氧乙酸可以作为水生环境和旱生环境下防除空心莲子草的重点药剂,草甘膦可用于旱地空心莲子草的防除,五氟磺草胺可作为水生环境条件下防除空心莲子草的主要药剂之一。 相似文献
7.
莲子草假隔链格孢对空心莲子草活性氧代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确活性氧(ROS)在莲子草假隔链格孢Nimbya alternantherae侵染空心莲子草过程中的作用,采用氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光化学还原法、二氨基联苯胺(DAB)组织染色法和分光光度法测定了莲子草假隔链格孢SF-193侵染空心莲子草后超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、抗氧化酶体系(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD))活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果显示,接种莲子草假隔链格孢SF-193的叶片经NBT和DAB染色后检测到ROS的大量累积.叶片内的O2-产生速率和H202含量随接种时间显著升高,接种后48 h均达到峰值,分别为2.33 nmol·min-1·g-1FW和11.78 μmol·g-1FW,是对照的2.1倍和2.5倍;SOD、CAT和POD活性均在接种后8h达到峰值,分别为277.75、23.47和444.92 U·min-1·g-1FW,之后逐渐下降;MDA含量随接种时间持续上升,72h时达到峰值,为5.20μmol·g-1 FW.表明莲子草假隔链格孢侵染空心莲子草打破了ROS产生与清除之间的平衡,导致植物细胞内的ROS迅速上升,对叶片细胞造成严重破坏. 相似文献
8.
一种镰刀菌对空心莲子草的致病力与寄主专一性测定 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
从罹病的空心莲子草上分离到一种镰刀菌,人工接种条件下,3叶期的空心莲子草幼苗最易发病,叶部次之.在供试的4个菌株中,以YZ-03菌株的致病力最强,该菌株接种空心莲子草幼苗5d后,接种的植株病情指数已达100,8d后幼苗全部枯死;人工接种叶片和茎秆9d后,叶片的病情指数达90.95,接种茎秆的病情指数达85.19.采用27科61种植物对该镰刀菌进行寄主专一性测定,结果表明,该镰刀菌能使莲子草严重发病,也能侵染藜的幼苗,对包括主要农作物在内的其他59种植物均无致病性. 相似文献
9.
如何防除沟渠田埂上空心莲子草危害空心莲子草又叫水花生，俗称“革命草”。为多年生草本，属苋科，莲子草属。我国南方各省都有分布。空心莲子草无性繁殖力强，喜潮湿，因而在稻田及低洼的旱作田常有发生，成为农田的恶性杂草之一。此外空心莲子草还发生在稻区沟渠田埂上... 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
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M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
16.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
17.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
18.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
19.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
20.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献