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通过田间试验方法,研究不同种衣剂处理对大豆抗病性及生长发育的影响。结果表明,种衣剂不同程度降低大豆根腐病发生、提高出苗率、增加叶绿素含量、促进植株生长和提高干物质积累。为种衣剂配方及大豆生产提供理论参考。 相似文献
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大豆种衣剂防治根腐病方法研究初报 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在防治大豆根腐病的研究中，通过种子处理防治大豆根腐病的研究，应是一个主要内容，但首先遇到的问题有二；一是有效的药物（或药剂型），二是能使大豆种子上带有足够的药量的方法。本文主要介绍通过农药的筛选、复配、在确定有效药剂配方的前提下，结合防治方法的研究，经过多年室内外试验，示范，研制成功了具有促进大豆生长发育，增另大豆根瘤量，防治大豆根腐病效果达８５％，增产１５％左右的“大豆微复药肥Ｉ号”种衣剂。 相似文献
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HND1生物种衣剂防治大豆胞囊线虫药效研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用厚垣轮枝菌HDQ18活性产物制备的生物种衣剂HND1原液、稀释5×、10×、20×、50×处理大豆胞囊线虫J2.研究其对大豆胞囊线虫的防效.结果表明:HND1对J2有较高的毒性,其死亡率分别为94.0%、83.3%、61.0%、54.3%、29%.用不同剂量的75% HND1生物种衣剂包衣大豆种子,在大豆出苗1个月后,调杳大豆根系胞囊线虫数量.结果表明:施用HND1种衣剂的3种不同处理的平均防效分别为45.5%、57.5%、60.5%,均好于对照药剂35%多克福种衣剂.对大豆株高和根瘤数等的调查结果表明,HND1种衣剂对大豆的生长和发育安全. 相似文献
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新型复合型生物种衣剂SN102田间防效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了安全有效地解决大豆苗期根部多种病害复合侵染的问题,利用微生物多样性及诱导抗病性理论,在辽宁省沈阳康平基地与黑龙江大庆基地,对新研发的一种兼抗大豆胞囊线虫与根腐病的新型复合型生物种衣剂SN102进行了为期2年的田间防治效果验证试验。生物种衣剂SN102是由本实验室自主研发,由巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)Sneb482、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simplex)Sneb545、费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)Sneb183和产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)Snef805 4株生防菌株作为有效活性物质组合混配制成。结果表明:SN102对大豆幼苗生长有一定的促进作用,两年的平均胞囊抑制率分别为37.80%(康平)和28.95%(大庆),对大豆幼苗根腐病的平均防效分别为16.31%(康平)和29.57%(大庆),同时对大豆的平均增产率分别达到21.10%(康平)和12.36%(大庆)。SN102在不同地域的防病增产效果较稳定,具有很高的实际应用价值和开发潜力。 相似文献
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不同种衣剂对大豆产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006-2007年采用5种生产上不同类型种衣剂处理高油大豆品种垦农19进行田间试验,研究对大豆生长发育及产量和品质的作用.结果表明,增加了株高和根瘤数,有一定的增产作用并对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的影响不明显.各处理增产幅度2%～16%, 处理C(火秧灭2号)、D(施特灵)比对照分别增产16%、12%,其中处理C比对照增产显著.不同种衣剂处理蛋白质含量相差0.7个百分点,脂肪含量相差0.2个百分点,差异不显著. 相似文献
6.
种衣剂在大豆上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
种衣剂在大豆上的应用苗玉新黑龙江省农科院情报所（哈尔滨，１５００６８）种衣剂是近年来许多发达国家所采用的良种包衣制剂，是种子处理的一项新技术，是实现种子标准化、商品化的重要手段。我国种子包衣技术的开发与应用虽然起步较晚，但发展较快，已逐渐形成科研、开... 相似文献
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２３５万亩大豆应用种衣剂壮根健苗保丰产李多东，王剑英，耿兆举，赵国林，王世国，柴永昭（黑龙江省建三江农场管理局·富锦市，１５６３００）大豆根腐病、孢囊线虫病、潜根蝇、二条叶一直是东北地区大豆高产稳产的限制因子。在建三江各农场根腐病、潜根蝇的危害则更为... 相似文献
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大豆种衣剂品种的筛选与应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过五年试验看出:引进的五个种衣剂品种,对大豆都有增产作用,效果最好的是黑龙江省农业科学院研制生产的微复药肥1号和省农科院黑河农科所研制生产的生物表面活化剂 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献