共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Appearance of albino seedlings and ptDNA inheritance in interspecific hybrids of azalea 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
PCR-RFLP analysis was conducted to clarify the relationship between the leaf color of progenies and their ptDNA inheritance
in interspecific three-way crosses, (Rhododendron kiusianum × R. eriocarpum) × R. japonicum f. flavum. All albino progenies contained maternal ptDNA, whereas green and pale-green progenies contained paternal ptDNA. Sectorial
chimeric progenies, of which the leaf and shoot color was turned from green to albino during the culture, contained both maternal
and paternal ptDNA in green segments and maternal ptDNA in albino segments. These results suggest that albino progenies are
caused by the incompatibility between plastome from F1 hybrids of R. kiusianum × R. eriocarpum and nuclear genome from R. japonicum f. flavum.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Nobuo Kobayashi Masashi Matsunaga Akira Nakatsuka Daiki Mizuta Masayoshi Shigyo Masaru Akabane 《Euphytica》2013,191(1):121-128
The inheritance of organelle DNA was investigated using PCR–RFLP markers in reciprocal cross combinations of inter-subgeneric azalea hybrids between evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron nakaharai and its hybrids) and fragrant deciduous azaleas (R. arborescens and R. viscosum) for the purpose of breeding fragrant evergreen azaleas. The hybrid progenies included green leaf, pale green leaf, variegated leaf and albino seedlings. Most viable green leaf seedlings had inherited ptDNA from the deciduous parent and non-viable albino and pale green leaf seedlings had inherited ptDNA from the evergreen parent. On the other hand, variegated leaf seedlings had chimerically inherited ptDNA from both parents. Their green leaf segments had ptDNA from the deciduous parent, and the pale green and white segments had biparental or maternal ptDNA depending on the progeny. In this study, we obtained interesting inter-subgeneric azalea hybrid progenies that had chimerically inherited organelle DNA and had different colored leaf segments corresponding to the composition of ptDNA from each parent. These results suggest that variegated leaf progenies with chimeric ptDNA from both parents can be subsistent, whereas albino seedlings resulting from plastome–genome incompatibility between the plastid genome from evergreen azalea and the nuclear genome from deciduous azalea are non-viable. 相似文献
3.
Attaining inter-subgeneric hybrids in fragrant azalea breeding and the inheritance of organelle DNA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Inter-subgeneric hybrids were successfully obtained in reciprocal cross combinations between evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron nakaharae and its hybrids) and fragrant deciduous azaleas (R. arborescens and R. viscosum) for the purpose of fragrant evergreen azalea breeding. Nuclear and organelle DNA of these hybrids was investigated using
PCR-RFLP markers. Viable hybrid seedlings have nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) inherited biparentally, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
from the seed parent, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from the deciduous azalea, regardless of cross combination. These results
suggest that the chloroplast genome from deciduous azaleas and the nuclear genome from evergreen azaleas are compatible in
viable hybrid progenies. 相似文献
4.
We successfully developed new PCR‐based markers for analysing the DNA inheritance patterns of vigorous inter‐subgeneric hybrids of azalea. The hybrids were between evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron nakaharae and its hybrids) and fragrant deciduous azaleas (Rhododendron arborescens and Rhododendron viscosum). We determined the sequence of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in evergreen and deciduous azaleas, and found a deletion of five base pairs (bp) in evergreen azaleas compared with deciduous azaleas. Sequences for the chloroplast matK‐trnK region were obtained from GenBank. Primers for the multiplex PCRs were designed using these sequence data. In the multiplex PCR of the ITS region, evergreen azaleas showed a specific band of 140 bp and deciduous azaleas showed a specific band of 800 bp. In the multiplex PCR of the matK‐trnK region, evergreen azaleas showed a specific band of 560 bp and deciduous azaleas showed a specific band of 300 bp. These results indicate that multiplex PCR methods are useful to distinguish evergreen and deciduous azaleas easily and rapidly. 相似文献
5.
Sonia Demasi Matteo Caser Takashi Handa Nobuo Kobayashi Stefania De Pascale Valentina Scariot 《Euphytica》2017,213(7):148
The growth of evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) can be altered by iron (Fe) chlorosis when plants are cultivated in a neutral-alkaline substrate. In this study, morphological and physiological responses to alkalinity and Fe deficiency were evaluated in five diploid Japanese azaleas to assess their potential as resources for breeding. R. obtusum ‘Kirin’, R. indicum ‘Shinsen’, R. × pulchrum ‘Sen-e-oomurasaki’, R. indicum ‘Osakazuki’, and R. ripense were pot cultivated in a peat-based substrate for 10 weeks, in acid and alkaline growing media with both adequate and inadequate Fe nutrition. Plant performance was generally affected by high pH of the substrate, while Fe deficiency by itself influenced few of the evaluated parameters, possibly due to the complex adaptive response mechanisms of these slow growing ornamental shrubs. According to the biochemical and physiological variations recorded on a long period of cultivation, R. indicum ‘Osakazuki’ reported the best performance. This azalea could be a valuable resource for breeders. 相似文献
6.
Independent Inheritance of Flower Colour and Male-Fertility Restorer Characters in Brassica napus L. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Available material of oilseed (Brassica napus L., AACC) comprises two yellow-flowered breeding lines and a white/pale-flowered line of resynthesized rape. The flower colour white/pale is dominant over yellow, and is controlled by a gene located in the C-genome. The yellow-flowered genotypes acted as restorer lines and the white/pale-flowered genotype as a maintainer line in a cytoplasmic male sterility system. The segregation pattern of flower colour and male fertility restorer characters were studied in F2 generations of crosses between these lines, also in a three-way cross additionally including a yellow flowered B. campestris (AA) line. Evidense was obtained in support of the conclusion that the flower colour and male fertility restorer characters are monogenically controlled and independently inherited. Whether the male fertility restorer gene is located in the A or C genome remains to be determined. 相似文献
7.
A true‐breeding black gram (Vigna mungo) × green gram (Vigna radiata) derivative was reciprocally crossed with adzuki bean, Vigna angularis. Pollinated pistils were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (70 p.p.m.) 24 and 48 h after pollination. One fertile pod containing two hybrid seeds was obtained, when V. angularis was used as the male parent. One of these seeds germinated and a partly fertile interspecific hybrid was obtained. Its hybridity was confirmed at the seedling stage based on the presence of the green epicotyl colour of the adzuki bean. Pubescence of epicotyl, stem, leaf margins and pod, and the colour of the mature pod, characteristics of the black gram × green gram derivative, were also expressed in the hybrid. In addition, the hybrid exhibited two novel traits — the presence of racemose inflorescence and plant regeneration ability — not present in the parents. The study of this hybrid and four offspring revealed that green epicotyl colour of adzuki bean, and the pubescence of stem and leaf margins of the black gram × green gram derivatives were dominantly inherited traits. Colours of epicotyl and stem bases were found to be linked. 相似文献
8.
A. N. Mishra K. Kaushal G. S. Shirsekar S. R. Yadav R. N. Brahma H. N. Pandey 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):514-516
The bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’ is documented to carry the gene Lr22b for adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedling‐resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in the bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’, the background parent of the near‐isogenic lines for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat, is rare and no published information could be found on its genetic basis. The F2 and F3 analysis of the cross ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘Thatcher’ showed that an apparently incompletely dominant gene conditioned seedling‐resistance in ‘Thatcher’ to the three ‘Thatcher’‐avirulent Indian leaf rust pathotypes – 0R8, 0R8‐1 and 0R9. Test of allelism revealed that this gene (temporarily designated LrKr1) was derived from ‘Kanred’, one of the parents of ‘Thatcher’. Absence of any susceptible F2 segregants in a ‘Thatcher’ × ‘Marquis’ cross confirmed that an additional gene (temporarily designated LrMq1) derived from ‘Marquis’, another parent of ‘Thatcher’, was effective against pathotype 0R9 alone. These two genes as well as a second gene in ‘Kanred’ (temporarily designated LrKr2), which was effective against all the three pathotypes, but has not been inherited by ‘Thatcher’, seem to be novel, undocumented leaf rust resistance genes. 相似文献
9.
从恢复系育种材料[R128//(R318/R1025)F1]F6中获得一个新的斑马叶突变体zebra1349,突变体秧苗期如果不移栽,与野生型一样表现绿色,移栽后5 d新抽出的叶片包括叶鞘会呈现出与叶脉垂直的黄绿相间的条纹,移栽后30 d抽出的叶片又表现正常绿色,成熟期主要农艺性状与野生型无明显差异。与野生型相比,突变体六叶期斑马叶黄区部位的总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量分别下降了55.86%、61.02%、39.34%和47.03%。透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,突变体斑马叶绿区部位叶绿体发育正常;黄区部位叶肉细胞中叶绿体结构异常,类囊体膜退化和分解严重,类囊体基粒片层数量明显减少,片层间距拉大,排列疏松。对zebra1349与正常叶色品种杂交F1、F2代的遗传分析表明该性状受1对隐性核基因调控。利用1192株zebra1349/02428 F2隐性定位群体,最终把ZEBRA1349基因定位在水稻第12染色体In Del标记indel39和indel44之间,其遗传距离分别为0.04 c M和0.17 c M,根据日本晴基因组序列推测,两标记之间的物理距离约为89 kb。本研究为ZEBRA1349基因的图位克隆和功能研究以及分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
Research has been carried out on the inheritance of corolla size, number of stamens and percentage of plants with petaloid stamens (double flower) in evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron Subsect. obtusa). For this purpose two incomplete diallel crosses were used. The first one included seven species and one cultivar and the second diallel 13 cultivars. In both diallels for all three characters the GCA mean squares were high. Also, the positive correlation between the parental values and the GCA estimates for flower size and number of stamens indicates that the expression of these characters is mainly determined by additive gene action. A negative correlation was found between GCA estimates for die n number of stamens and the percentage of plants with petaloid stamens. When breeding azaleas with large double flowers, parents can be directly selected on the basis of these characters since additive genetic variance dominates. As no genetic correlations were found between corolla size and number of stamens (percentage of plants with petaloid stamens) the breeding will not be hampered by unfavourable linkage of genes for these characters. 相似文献
11.
为明确山东地区泡桐种子耐盐性和最佳采种期,研究了不同采种期的泡桐种子在不同NaCl盐胁迫(0、1‰、3‰和5‰)下的种子萌发和幼苗生长状况。结果表明:随着采种期的推迟,种子的含水量逐渐降低,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗鲜重和胚根生长量都是先增加后降低,在9月30日时最大。随着盐浓度的增加,不同采种期的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗鲜重和胚根生长量均逐渐降低,而平均发芽时间增加。采种期和盐浓度的交互作用显著影响了泡桐幼苗的胚根生长量,但对其它指标影响不显著。山东地区泡桐种子在9月到10月采种期内盐胁迫下发芽能力先增后降,9月底泡桐蒴果颜色变深绿至深棕并逐渐开裂且泡桐种子含水量为40%左右时,泡桐种子在盐胁迫环境下的发芽能力最强。此类特征及时间范围可作为山东地区泡桐种子最佳采种期的判断标准。 相似文献
12.
以两系杂交稻两优培九为试材,研究不同N肥用量(纯N 0、112.5、225.0、337.5 kg/hm2)和栽插密度（22.5×104、27.0×104、31.5×104穴/hm2）对产量形成及N素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,(1)栽插密度对结实率和千粒重影响较小,对单位面积穗数和每穗粒数影响较大,在22.5×104~31.5×104穴/hm2的密度范围内,穗数与每穗粒数之间具有良好的互补性,因而产量差异未达显著水平。(2)N肥用量对每穗粒数影响较小,对穗数、结实率和千粒重影响较大,纯N用量为337.5 kg/hm2时,增穗作用不显著,反而极显著降低结实率和千粒重,导致减产。(3)稻株吸N量随供N水平的提高而增加,但植株含N率和N素累积量过高不利于叶鞘茎中的N素向穗部运转,降低籽粒N素积累量,导致结实率和千粒重显著下降而减产。(4)在中等肥力土壤上,施纯N 225.0 kg/hm2,栽插密度22.5×104穴/hm2,高峰苗控制在500.0万/hm2左右,有利于两优培九抽穗前茎鞘叶N素积累和抽穗后向穗部运转,能较好地协调穗数、结实率和千粒重的关系而获得高产。 相似文献
13.
Inheritance of host plant effect on latent period of wheat leaf rust in single-seed descent F8 lines
Latent period (LP) and infection type (IT) were determined in single-seed descent F8 wheat lines from the crosses Westphal
12A (PR = partially resistant) × BH1146 (PR), Akabozu (PR) × BH1146 (PR), and BH1146 (PR) × Little Club (susceptible), inoculated
with the Flamingo isolate of the wheat leaf rust pathogen. Each parental line showed a significantly longer LP than the highly
susceptible standard Morocco indicating that each parent carried at least one LP-prolonging gene. Significant transgression
was found for shorter LP in each cross, indicating that BH1146 differed from Westphal 12A, Akabozu, and Little Club at least
partly in genes affecting LP. Significant transgression for longer LP was observed only in the cross Akabozu × BH1146 in one
F8 line. In each cross, significantly more lines were found that showed a shorter LP than the most susceptible parent, than
lines that showed a longer LP than the most resistant parent, indicating non-additive gene effects on LP. BH1146 was estimated
to carry at least five genes which are involved in prolonging the LP. LP and IT were negatively correlated. Correlation coefficients
were low and lines were present showing similar ITs but different LPs which suggested that collapse of host plant cells could
not be the only reason for growth retardation of colonies of the wheat leaf rust pathogen.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Identification of citrus hybrids through the combination of leaf apex morphology and SSR markers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Aristides Novac Garcia Mariângela Cristofani Marcos Antônio Machado 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):397-403
Citrus breeding programs normally face several biological obstacles such as apomixis and polyembryony that result in a cumbersome
identification of hybrid seedlings. The main purpose of this work is to describe the combined use of visual selection based
on the leaf apex morphology and SSR analysis to differentiate hybrid from nucellar seedlings derived from the cross between
the ‘Murcott’ tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] and ‘Pêra’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osb.]. A new morphological variable named leaf apex morphometric index is also described as the quantitative basis of
the visual selection. The efficiency of visual selection of hybrids was tested under two growth conditions, seedlings germinated
in seedbeds and in plastic tubes. Putative hybrid seedlings were also confirmed through the analysis of simple sequence repeats
(SSR). The visual selection of hybrid seedlings resulted in an increase of 87.2% (p < 0.01) and 202.2% (p <0.001) in the number of correctly identified hybrids when compared to the method of random picking of seedlings in seedbeds
and plastic tubes,respectively. The results indicate that the combination of visual selection and SSR analysis for the identification
of hybrids derived from the cross of polyembryonic citrus cultivars will improve the accuracy of the selection,save time,
and reduce the costs involved in the use of molecular markers alone in citrus breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
用双标图分析油菜双列杂交试验 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
用GGE双标图法对甘蓝型油菜5×4双列杂交试验进行分析,显示了以下结果: (1)GCA较高的亲本为不育系S2、S3和恢复系R2、R3，而SCA较高的亲本是不育系S3、S1和恢复系R2、R4，不育系S5和恢复系R2是区分能力和代表性最好的亲本，SCA较高的组合为S4×R4、S3×R1、S2×R2、S5×R3和S1×R3；(2）对不育系而言，单株角果数和角粒数的GCA与产量GCA呈正相关，株高、千粒重和有效分枝部位的GCA与产量GCA呈负相关。对恢复系而言，单株角果数、主花序角果数、一次分枝数、主花序长度和株高等性状的GCA与产量GCA呈正相关，呈负相关的有千粒重和有效分枝部位。对于杂交种而言，与产量呈正相关的性状为单株角果数和角粒数，呈负相关的为千粒重和有效分枝部位。表明虽然好的不育系和恢复系具有不同的特点，但相同之处为单株角果数较多，千粒重较小和有效分枝部位较低。同时在亲本选配中应注意优势性状互补。 相似文献
16.
以623×276、7501×283高粱杂交种及其三系亲本种子为材料,采用人工加速老化的方法,研究了种子在老化过程中发芽、种子活力、电导率的变化,结果表明：（1）（54±1）℃高温、高湿（100%相对湿度）密闭处理,时间低于36h时,种子的多项发芽指标、种子活力下降不明显。当处理达24h时,623 ×276、623B、283R的多项发芽指标和种子活力比其对照明显升高。处理达36h时623A比其对照也明显升高。（2）种子在老化过程中,随老化处理时间的延长种子的电导率并不一定等速率升高,在某处理时间段则下降。（3）从种子的发芽,活力、电导率变化综合分析,两个品种及其三系种子耐老能力存在差异,632×276、623A、623B、283R、7501×283相对较耐老化而其它三系种子抗老化能力较弱。 相似文献
17.
Intergeneric sexual hybridizations were conducted between two genera of Rutaceae, with Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) and Red tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco) as maternal parents, and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf as the paternal parent, in an effort to generate hybrid populations for both molecular mapping and rootstock breeding.
Embryo rescue is important for citrus sexual breeding because polyembryony can interfere with hybrid embryo recovery. Immature
embryos of 80, 85, 90 days after pollination (DAP) from the Satsuma mandarin (S) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, 80 and 85
DAP from the Red tangerine (R) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, were cultured on MG1.0 medium consisting of MT basal medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 and 4% sucrose. The results showed that 80 DAP was the optimal time for embryo rescue of the tested crosses, as evidenced
by embryos at this stage exhibiting high germination rates, 37.3% for S × P and 51.3% for R × P. Among the eight tested media,
MT medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 was the best one for Satsuma mandarin, and MT plus 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 for Red tangerine. A total of 85 plants were obtained from S × P, and 340 from R × P. Out of them, 44 progenies from S × P
and 111 from R × P were sufficiently confirmed to be hybrids by morphological characterization and SSR analysis. In addition,
two hybrid callus lines were obtained from S × P and R × P respectively. 相似文献
18.
Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) caused by wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a serious disease of wheat and many plants in the grass family. In previous studies genotypes collected from different parts of Iran, were screened for WSM resistance. Two resistant genotypes, “Adl Cross” and “4004” were crossed to one susceptible genotype “Marvdasht.” Reciprocal crosses were also made. Seedlings of parents, F1, F2, backcrosses to susceptible (BCS) and resistant (BCR) were evaluated for WSMV reaction based on scales 0–7, by artificial infection under greenhouse conditions. Allelism was studied by evaluating the F1 and F2 seedlings of the resistant × resistant cross. Inheritance of resistance to WSMV in Adl Cross and 4004 was controlled by one dominant gene. No allelism was observed between resistance genes. Among the F2 seedlings of the resistant × resistant cross relatively more resistant genotypes with a zero score were observed. These two genes, therefore, can be incorporated into an adapted wheat cultivar to produce a more durable resistance. 相似文献
19.
Utilization of Genetic Variability of Resynthesized Rapeseed 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
K. Kräling 《Plant Breeding》1987,99(3):209-217
The performance of single cross hybrids between resynthesized (resyn.) genotypes and varieties of rapeseed was tested in microplots. The results revealed strong, genetic differences between the artificially synthesized rapeseed forms for all the characters investigated, as well as for g.c.a. values. In particular, hybrids with resyn rapeseed exhibited a vigorous vegetative growth. It should therefore, be beneficial to use resyn forms directly in fodder rape breeding programmes. Disturbances in fertility of the resyn material resulted in a low number of seeds per pod and consequently in an inferior seed yield as compared to the varieties, although some high yielding combinations were also identified. Three-way hybrids with a 25% genome share of the resyn rapessed reached only lower vegetative performance as compared 10 the hybrids with a 50% resyn genome but their performance in generative traits was general superior- In respect to seed yield some progenies of three-way hybrids showed a higher plot performance than even the high yielding varieties. A further comparison between single-cross combinations of resyn × variety on the one hand and variety × variety on the other hand demonstrated that resyn genotypes, due to a distinct apical dominance, exhibited a pronounced expression of characters measured on the main stem. But in total, ii is evident from the present findings that any hybridization with this resyn material does not promise immediate short-term varietal improvement. 相似文献
20.
Prity Sundaram Srinivasan Samineni Sobhan B. Sajja S. P. Singh R. N. Sharma Pooran M. Gaur 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):63
Seed size, determined by 100-seed weight, is an important yield component and trade value trait in kabuli chickpea. In the present investigation, the small seeded kabuli genotype ICC 16644 was crossed with four genotypes (JGK 2, KAK 2, KRIPA and ICC 17109) and F1, F2 and F3 populations were developed to study the gene action involved in seed size and other yield attributing traits. Scaling test and joint scaling test revealed the presence of epistasis for days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 100-seed weight. Additive, additive?×?additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were found to govern days to first flower. Days to maturity and plant height were under the control of both the main as well as interaction effects. Number of seeds per pod was predominantly under the control of additive and additive?×?additive effects. For grain yield per plant, additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were significant in the cross ICC 16644?×?KAK 2, whereas, additive?×?additive effects were important in the cross ICC 16644?×?JGK 2. Additive, dominance and epistatic effects influenced seed size. The study emphasized the existence of duplicate epistasis for most of the traits. To explore both additive and non-additive gene actions for phenological traits and yield traits, selection in later generations would be more effective. 相似文献