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1.
Shiro Itoi Koki Ikeguchi Masaki Kaneniwa Ryuji Kuwahara Ichiro Ohara Noriko Ishida Michiaki Yamashita Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):429-439
ABSTRACT: Fast skeletal muscles of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and red sea bream Pagrus major were examined for quantitative and qualitative changes of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Fo F1 -ATPase) in association with rearing temperatures. The specific activities of Fo F1 -ATPase from Japanese flounder reared at 10°C, 15°C and 25°C for 4 weeks were determined to be 81 ± 11, 74 ± 13 and 83 ± 11 nmol/min·mg mitochondrial protein, respectively. The corresponding activity from red sea bream reared at 8°C for 5 weeks was determined to be 65 ± 9 nmol/min·mg mitochondrial protein, which was higher than 33 ± 9 nmol/min·mg mitochondrial protein in fish reared at 23°C. The contents of α- and β-F1 -ATPase in total mitochondrial proteins were not significantly different between fish reared at different temperatures for the two fish species. However, the contents of β-F1 -ATPase in the total fast skeletal muscle extracts, prepared from Japanese flounder reared at 10°C, were 2.1- and 2.9-fold higher than those for fish reared at 15°C and 25°C, respectively. The corresponding content from red seabream reared at 8°C was 2.2-fold higher than that for fish reared at 23°C. Therefore, the changes in Fo F1 -ATPase depending on rearing temperatures were species-specific. 相似文献
2.
病鱼为威海水产养殖场感染淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）,收集病鱼的囊肿组织,匀浆破碎,采用差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心方法,分离纯化淋巴囊肿病毒粒子.负染后,电镜观察证实获得的病毒纯度高,杂质极少,病毒粒子呈近似于圆形的多角形,结构完整.纯化的淋巴囊肿病毒粒子经SDS-PAGE,硝酸银染色后,电泳图谱清晰显示病毒结构蛋白带共有22条,且分子量主要集中在123～26 kD.应用Western blotting法分析病毒结构蛋白的抗原性,结果显示,分子量分别为123.55 kD、65.292 kD和54.438 kD的3条蛋白带发生了免疫反应,其中分子量为65.292 kD的蛋白带反应强度明显高于其他2条蛋白带.本研究旨为确定淋巴囊肿病毒主要衣壳蛋白提供基础依据.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：415-420] 相似文献
3.
The influence of different levels of dietary vitamin E on sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax flesh quality 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax fillet quality was investigated after feeding with four diets (A, B, C or D) containing different levels of dietary vitamin E (139 mg kg–1 , 254 mg kg–1 , 493 mg kg–1 and 942 mg kg–1 , respectively). Six-hundred and eighty fish (mean initial weight 208 g) were equally divided into four 20 m3 tanks and fed for 87 days. Filtered seawater with a temperature ranging from 18.2 to 26.3 °C was supplied continuously. At the end of the experiment, fish were stored at 1 °C for 12 days. At one, three, six, nine and 12 days, 20 fish per group were processed for proximate composition, vitamin E and induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) analyses. No significant differences in proximate composition were registered between groups. The flesh lipid content ranged from 88.0 g kg–1 (group B) to 96.8 g kg–1 (group A). Vitamin E fillet content was significantly different between groups, reaching levels of 98.0, 150.7, 225.2 and 302.0 μg g–1 lipids for group A, B, C and D, respectively. Induced TBARs values were statistically different only for group A compared with the other groups. No significant variations were registered in relation to preservation time. Because of the positive influence of vitamin E on seafood quality and the correlation between its dietary level and flesh deposition, the α-tocopherol content of the diet should be well above fish minimum requirements. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT: The acute toxicities of boron were examined for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and red sea bream Pagrus major in terms of fish size and water temperature. Japanese flounder of 0.1–70.0 g and red sea bream of 0.6–20.3 g were exposed to different concentrations of boron for 96 h at 20°C under semi-static conditions. In both fish species, the median lethal concentration (LC50 ) for 96 h of boron increased linearly with increasing fish size, ranging from 108 to 252 mg B/L for the flounder, and from 97 to 172 mg B/L for the sea bream. The effect of water temperature on acute toxicity was examined for Japanese flounder of 0.6 and 1.5 g at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C, and for red sea bream of 0.6 and 2.4 g at 12, 15, 20 and 25°C. The toxicity of boron for the flounder increased linearly with increasing water temperature. The 96 h LC50 values ranged from 299 to 108 mg B/L for the 0.6 g flounder and from 350 to 113 mg B/L for the 1.5 g flounder. A similar trend was shown for the 2.4 g red sea bream; however, the relationship for the 0.6 g red sea bream was not significant. 相似文献
5.
6.
Hongyue Zhao Dong Han Shouqi Xie Xiaoming Zhu & Yunxia Yang 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(16):1864-1872
The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme (pepsin, trypsin and lipase) activities of Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of Chinese longsnout catfish (35.6±0.48 g, mean±SE) were reared at different water temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32 °C). The feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by water temperatures and regression relationships between water temperature and FI, SGR as well as FER were expressed as FR=−0.016 T 2 +0.91 T −10.88 ( n =12, R 2 =0.8752), SGR=−0.026 T 2 +1.39 T −17.29 ( n =12, R 2 =0.7599) and FER=−0.013 T 2 +0.70 T −8.43 ( n =12, R 2 =0.7272). Based on these, the optimum temperatures for FR, SGR and FER were 27.66, 26.69 and 26.44 °C respectively. The specific activities of digestive enzymes at 24 or 28 °C were significantly higher than that at 20 or 32 °C. In addition, there was a significant linear regression between FR or SGR and specific activities of pepsin and lipase, which indicated that pepsin and lipase played important roles in regulating growth through nutrient digestion in Chinese longsnout catfish. 相似文献
7.
The ciliate protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis , and the fungus, Saprolegnia parasitica , cause the diseases ichthyophthiriosis and saprolegniosis respectively. Both diseases are difficult to control and can cause high mortalities of freshwater fish, including the Australian silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). The efficacy of salt (NaCl) in controlling and preventing these diseases in silver perch was evaluated in aquaria and tanks. Low pH levels were also evaluated as a control for ichthyophthiriosis. Concentrations of 2 or 3 g L−1 salt controlled infestations of I. multifiliis , and fish were free of both theronts and trophonts by day 8 at temperatures of 17.3–21.3 °C and by day 6 at 19.2–23.5 °C. Fish treated with 1 g L−1 salt remained infested and all fish in a control treatment (0 g L−1 salt) died. Although the mean survival rates of infested fish at pH levels of 5 or 6 were only 13.9% and 7.6%, respectively, there were no theronts or trophonts on surviving fish after 12 days. Silver perch harvested from a pond and treated with 2 or 3 g L−1 salt did not become infected with S. parasitica and survival was 100%, whereas 16.6% of untreated (0 g L−1 salt) fish became infected and survival was only 66.7%. A concentration of 2 g L−1 NaCl is recommended for the control of ichthyophthiriosis and the prevention of saprolegniosis in silver perch held in tanks, aquaria and re-circulating aquaculture systems. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT: The effects of temperature changes on the endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus which were acclimated to 3, 14 or 20°C in advance were investigated. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of individuals (total length >28 cm) that were acclimated to 3°C, maintained a relatively low value of 6.9 ± 2.3 mL (mean ± SD) O2 /kg ww (wet weight)/h till 5.8°C, which is considered a 'minimum' rate. Thereafter, the OCR gradually increased up to 18.7 mL O2 /kg ww/h at the temperature of 10.6°C. The OCR of individuals acclimated to 14°C stabilized with 124.2 ± 24.1 mL O2 /kg ww/h, when tested at the relatively constant temperature of 14.4 ± 0.17°C. Maximum entropy spectral analysis revealed that the peak OCR occurred at 23.9 h intervals, which could be a circadian rhythm. The mean OCR showed a peak at 06.00–08.00 hours. For the temperature above 25°C in which the fish were acclimated to 20°C, the rhythmic patterns of OCR were observed until the experimental temperature reached 26.4°C. For the temperature above 28.4°C, the metabolic activity rhythm of the OCR was dampened and then the OCR abruptly rose again. It is assumed that the oscillator of the endogenous rhythm lost the governing of normal metabolic activity in Japanese flounders above 28.4°C. These results suggest that the temperatures of around 5.8, 26.4 and 28.4°C are the 'lower limit temperature', 'upper incipient lethal temperature', and the 'critical thermal maximum', respectively, for the endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption in the Japanese flounder. 相似文献
9.
Abstract— Feed intake, specific growth rate and changes in body composition were studied in age 1+ (140-190 g) brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.) reared at three temperatures (2, 4 and 6°C) under continuous light conditions. Feed in take increased from 35.7 kJ-kg−1 .day−1 at 2°C to 95.7 kJ-kg−1 -day−1 at 6°C, and the growth rate increased from 0.19%-day−1 to 0.42%-day−1 over the same temperature range. The estimated lower temperature limits for feeding and growth were slightly above 0°C. For all groups of fish, the majority (about 75%) of the weight gain comprised water and protein, but lipid deposition tended to increase with increasing temperature. The deposition of lipid accounted for about 50% of the body energy gain at all temperatures. 相似文献
10.
This study aimed at evaluating the ploidy effects on growth performances of Chinese shrimp ( Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck, 1765) reared in different salinities under laboratory conditions. In the acute salinity experiment, there was no difference ( P >0.05) in tolerance observed in triploid and diploid shrimp due to abrupt salinity changes. The lethal salinity for 50% of the individuals in 96 h at 23–25 °C was about 2 g L−1 in both triploids and diploids. While for the chronic salinity experiment, statistical analyses confirmed that the differences in growth performances including the specific growth rate (SGR), the feeding rate (FR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and intermoult period (IP) between triploid and diploid were related to salinity. Diploid shrimp reared in 20 g L−1 exhibited highest SGR ( P <0.05), while triploids performed well in 20 and 30 g L−1 salinities ( P <0.05). Based on the survival and growth data, the optimal salinity for the culture of diploid F. chinensis should be 20 g L−1 and for triploids it should be between 20 and 30 g L−1 . 相似文献
11.
During refrigeration, lipid oxidation is a major factor contributing to post-mortem deterioration of flesh quality. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n -3 PUFA, are present in high concentration in fish tissues, and in oils used in diets, and are readily susceptible to peroxidation. α-Tocopherol (AT) can reduce tissue lipid peroxidation in vivo and post mortem. The effect of increasing the tissue level of AT by dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) was therefore investigated. Commercial salmon diets C, M and H, high in lipids, containing 184, 573 and 865 mg ATA kg−1 diet DM (dry matter) were fed to 18 fish per treatment. Dietary AT: PUFA ratios were 2.0, 6.3, and 9.5 mg g−1 for diets C, M and H, respectively. Fish (mean initial live weight 630 g) were slaughtered after 50 and 78 days of feeding. Fillet samples were analysed fresh or after storage at 4 °C for 12 days and –20 °C for 12 months. Lipid oxidation was measured using the thiobarbituric acid test. Colour score, but not carotenoid content, of fillets was significantly higher between 6 and 12 days of fresh storage in fish fed diets M and H compared with those fed diet C. Colour score, carotenoid content and ΑΤ content decreased and the content of lipid oxidation products increased following storage of fillets at –20 °C for up to 12 months, although lipid oxidation was always significantly lower in fish fed diets M and H. 相似文献
12.
K Pedersen H F Skall A M Lassen-Nielsen L Bjerrum N J Olesen 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(5):465-472
A selection of 16 field isolates of Photobacterium damselae from marine rainbow trout farms in Denmark was subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization and pathogenicity to fish. All isolates belonged to the subspecies damselae , being positive for haemolysis, motility and urease. There were considerable differences in haemolytic properties, some isolates presenting a broad zone of haemolysis and others only a narrow zone. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a high diversity indicating that P. damselae subsp. damselae is an opportunistic, not clonal pathogen in Danish marine rainbow trout. Virulence of the strains to rainbow trout was highly variable with LD50 values ranging from 3.9 × 103 to 1.5 × 108 cfu at 20 °C. The virulence was significantly higher at 20 °C than at 13 °C. The strains with the strongest haemolytic properties were the most virulent suggesting a strong involvement of haemolysin in the pathogenesis. The pathological changes were consistent with a bacterial septicaemia and the haemorrhages were more pronounced than for most other bacterial infections. 相似文献
13.
Abstract. Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from the same full-sib family were reared under two different densities for 97days at 10°C. In one treatment density was adjusted every 2 weeks by means of a tank enclosure to a density of 50kg/m3 . In the other treatment the density was allowed to increase as fish biomass increased to 50kg/m3 . Density had no significant effect on the variation observed in individual fish weights over the course of the growth trial. Density had a significant effect on the relationship between fish weight and specific growth rate. The increasing density treatment had an overall higher mean specific growth rate of 0·1%/day. 相似文献
14.
以牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒（LCDV）为抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠，而后将小鼠脾细胞与P3U1骨髓瘤细胞融合，以囊肿组织冰冻切片的免疫荧光染色筛选杂交瘤细胞，阳性结果显示特异性块状荧光信号集中在囊肿细胞的细胞质边缘部分，且多个荧光信号相连呈现链圈状，有限稀释
法克隆阳性杂交瘤细胞，三次克隆后获得4株稳定产生抗LCDV抗体的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株（1A8、1D7、2B6、2D11）。应用Western-blotting法分析单抗识别蛋白的分子量，结果显示，单抗1D7 和2B6均能特异性结合一条分子量116 kD病毒多肽；应用免疫电镜技术定位单抗识别的抗原决定簇，结果发现胶体金颗粒集中吸附在病毒粒子衣壳周围，且背景清洁，无散在的金颗粒或其他污染物。实验结果说明分子量约为116 kD的蛋白多肽为LCDV病毒衣壳蛋白，且具有线性抗原决定簇。 相似文献
15.
J. &#;EHULKA 《Aquaculture Research》1989,20(3):295-310
Abstract. Kurasan and BHT were tested at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg kg-1 incorporated in dry pellets. The administration of these antioxidants did not influence the red blood count of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, at body weights of 100 to 400g, reared in flow-through tanks at water temperatures of 7 to 13°C and in cage culture at water temperatures of 15 to 2O°C. In laboratory experiments at a water temperature of 14°C, the highest Kurasan dose increased the red blood cell (RBC) count insignificantly by 14% (1.06 vs 0.93 1012 1-1 ) after 80 days, haematocrit (PCV) was increased by 27% (0.410 vs 0.32511-1 ), and haemoglobin (Hb) by 16% (72 vs 62gl-1 ), This was seen in the cage culture experiment, but not in the experiments in the flow-through tanks. A trend of diminishing haematological parameters of the red blood count and total blood serum protein (TP) of the fish fed with BHT-stabilized diet was recorded only under laboratory conditions at the water temperature 9°C, The decline of RBC count in the experimental group with 0.04% BHT represented 14% (0.90 vs 1.05 1012 1-1 ), the decline in PCV amounted to 18% (0.328 vs 0.39811-1 ), Hb to 17% (57 vs 69g 1-1 ), and TP to 11% (39 vs 44g 1-1 ). 相似文献
16.
Jorge Palma Dominique P Bureau Miguel Correia & José P Andrade 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(13):1468-1473
This investigation examined the effects of temperature, density and early weaning on the survival and growth of Palaemonetes varians larvae. Survival of larvae raised at 17.5 °C was not significantly different (average + standard deviation) (94 ± 5%) from the survival of those raised at 19.5 °C (95 ± 5%) and at 21.5 °C (94 ± 4%). However, the duration of the larval stage was significantly longer for shrimp reared at 17.5 °C (17.3 ± 0.8 days) compared with shrimp reared at 19.5 °C (14.3 ± 0.7 days) and at 21.5 °C (11.3 ± 0.6 days). No significant differences ( P >0.05) were found in the survival rate, final weight and length of larvae reared at the densities of 5, 10, 20 and 50 larvae L−1 . The survival of P. varians larvae fed solely on Artemia was significantly higher ( P <0.05) than larvae weaned with an artificial practical diet from Zoea II stage (94 ± 4% and 82 ± 1%, respectively, for Artemia and artificial diet-fed larvae), but no significant differences ( P >0.05) were observed in the final larval weight or length between these two treatments. The survival and growth of the larvae fed with the practical diet tested is a promising step ahead in the development of the culture of this species as it eliminates both the need for Artemia throughout all larval stages, and the need for more expensive artificial diets. 相似文献
17.
We evaluated the toxicity of commercial injectable erythromycin (Erythro-200) and the injectable drug carrier alone (PEG-400, ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate) in sub-adult spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Both compounds were toxic to salmon when administered in high dosages. The 50% lethal dose (LD50 ) of the erythromycin within its carrier (Erythro-200) at 12 °C was estimated at 429 mg erythromycin kg–1 or 2.145 mL kg–1 when measured by volume. The LD50 of the drug carrier alone was 2.95 mL kg–1 by volume or equivalent to 3.21 g kg–1 of the carrier. We evaluated and scored the histopathology in kidney sections removed from fish 96 h after injection with Erythro-200, the drug carrier alone, or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) that served as a reference control. Kidneys from fish injected with saline had lowest average pathology scores; those injected with the carrier had moderate scores; and the pathology score was highest in tissues from erythromycin-injected fish. In tests at 12 °C, vacuoles were more prominent in proximal and distal tubules of fish injected with higher dosages of 403 and 545 mg erythromycin kg–1 than in tissues from fish injected with 299 mg kg–1 . 相似文献
18.
Min Ouk Park Woo June Hur Soo-Yeon Im Dong-Won Seol Jinhwan Lee & In-Seok Park 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(8):877-884
The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and at producing a physiological response (plasma cortisol and glucose) was evaluated in the kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus . To acquire complete anaesthesia in less than 3 min and recovery in <10 min, three doses of clove oil were tested at 18, 22 and 26 °C. Although higher anaesthetic doses resulted in shorter induction times and longer recovery times, and a lower temperature resulted in longer anaesthesia induction and slower recovery, we found the optimal dose and administering temperature of clove oil to be 250–300 mg L−1 at water temperature of 18 °C, 150–200 mg L−1 at water temperature of 22 °C and 50–100 mg L−1 at water temperature of 26 °C respectively. Following the administration of 150 mg L−1 of clove oil at 22 °C, the plasma cortisol level was highest (4.24 ± 1.571 μg dL−1 ) after 12 h and the plasma glucose was highest (92.7 ± 9.61 mg dL−1 ) after 2 h. These results should be useful to the aquaculture industry, where anaesthesia is necessary for a range of activities. 相似文献
19.
To optimize dietary protein level in relation to growth, semipurified diets with an essential amino acid profile similar to that of the soft body profile were fed for 59 days to young greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata (initial shell length, 15–25 mm). Animals were housed in 10-L acrylic tanks, with flow-through seawater supplied at 1 L min–1 (20 °C, salinity= 36 g L–1 ). Protein level of feeds ranged from 122 g kg–1 to 461 g kg–1 crude protein (CP) on an 'as is' basis. Second-order polynomial regression analysis of specific growth rate indicated that maximal growth occurs at 270 g kg–1 CP. The protein and energy components of the feed were estimated to have a digestibility of 71.7% and 55.6%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT: Myosins were prepared from fast skeletal muscles of grass carp thermally acclimated to 10, 20 and 30°C in the laboratory as well as from those seasonally acclimatized and collected in January (winter) 2003 and May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) 2002. The maximal initial velocities ( V max ) of actin-activated Mg2+ -ATPase activity for myosins from the 10°C-acclimated and winter grass carp were 1.7–1.8-fold as high as those from the 30°C-acclimated and summer fish. The inactivation rate constant ( K D ) of Ca2+ -ATPase for myosin from the 10°C-acclimated grass carp was three to fourfold higher than those for myosins from the fish acclimated to 20°C and 30°C, whereas myosin from winter grass carp was about sevenfold as high as that for myosin from summer fish. Myosins from spring and autumn fish showed K D values comparable to those of the fish acclimated to 30°C and 10°C, respectively. In differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the transition temperature ( T m ) was observed near 38°C and 45–46°C with most myosins. However, the lowest T m at 32–33°C was given as one of the major endotherms in myosins from the 10°C-acclimated, autumn and winter fish. These responses of grass carp to changed environmental temperatures were almost similar to those for common carp reported previously. 相似文献