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1.
As the cultivars of rice markedly affect eating quality, processing suitability, and price, identification or differentiation of rice cultivar is very important. We developed suitable 14 STS (sequence-tagged site) primers for PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and it became possible to differentiate 60 Japanese dominant rice cultivars from each other using template DNA extracted and purified from rice grains. A multiplex primer set was shown to be useful to effectively differentiate rice cultivars produced in various countries by PCR. A novel multiplex primer set for PCR has been developed to differentiate KoshihikariBL, which is closely related with the premium cultivar, Koshihikari, in Japan. The application of the cultivar identification method by PCR method to commercially processed rice products was investigated. We developed an enzyme treatment method, in which the gelatinized starch is decomposed by the heat-stable alpha-amylase at 80 degrees C, followed by the hydrolysis of proteins by proteinase K with sodium dodecyl sulfate and purification of extracted DNAs by phenol/chloroform/iso-amyl alcohol. It became possible to identify the material rice cultivars of the commercially processed rice products, such as cooked rice, rice cake, or rice cracker, by a PCR method using template DNA prepared by the enzyme treatment method and novel multiplex primer sets. 相似文献
2.
Kim JK Lee SY Chu SM Lim SH Suh SC Lee YT Cho HS Ha SH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12804-12809
Flavonoids and carotenoids of pigmented rice ( Oryza sativa L.), including five black cultivars and two red cultivars, from Korea were characterized to determine the diversity among the phytochemicals and to analyze the relationships among their contents. Black cultivars were higher in flavonoids and carotenoids than the red and white cultivars. The profiles of eight phytochemicals identified from the rice grains were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences among cultivars. PCA could fully distinguish between these cultivars. The Heugjinjubyeo (BR-1) and Heugseolbyeo (BR-2) cultivars were separated from the others based on flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations. Flavonoid contents had a positive correlation with carotenoid contents among all rice grains. The BR-1 and BR-2 cultivars appear to be good candidates for future breeding programs because they have simultaneously high flavonoid and carotenoid contents. 相似文献
3.
不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
【目的】明确机械化育插秧条件下不同基因型水稻氮素吸收利用的特点,分析提高其氮素吸收利用的途径。【方法】以3个中籼中熟杂交稻、3个中籼迟熟杂交稻、4个粳稻共计10个品种为材料,采用随机区组大田试验设计,测定不同生育时期各器官干物重和氮素含量、产量等,研究了不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累、分配和运转特性的差异及其原因。【结果】1)育插秧机械化条件下水稻植株氮素积累符合Logistic曲线增长规律。2)整个生育期机插稻植株含氮量呈下降趋势,粳稻植株的含氮量在生长中期(拔节期—抽穗期)高于杂交籼稻,而后逐渐降低,到成熟期极显著低于杂交籼稻,中籼中熟杂交稻因降低缓慢到成熟期植株含氮量最高。3)粳稻植株的终极氮素积累量最低,中籼中熟杂交稻和中籼迟熟杂交稻终极氮素积累量平均比粳稻高23.0%和33.1%。4)中籼中熟杂交稻抽穗期—成熟期氮素积累量最大,在氮素积累上具有后发优势,且穗部分配率、叶片与茎鞘氮素表观转运率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素转运效率均较高,说明育插秧机械化条件下,中籼中熟杂交稻品种的氮素在转运和利用上具有高效性。其中,F优498的终极氮素积累量高,且具有前期积累快,后期运转分配合理等优势。5)中籼迟熟杂交稻氮素积累出现最大增长速率较晚,平稳持续增长时间较长,终极积累量最大,但氮素积累对产量的贡献没有优势。6)粳稻中杂交粳稻69优8号相比其他粳稻品种,氮素积累量大且产量高,也具有氮素转运和利用的高效性。【结论】机插稻植株氮素积累转运特性受不同基因型的显著影响。本研究采用植株含氮量、终极氮素积累量、百千克籽粒吸氮量等反映机插稻氮素吸收转运特性的指标进行比较发现,在育插秧机械化条件下,中籼中熟杂交稻相比中籼迟熟杂交稻和粳稻氮素具有积累转运和利用高效性,其中F优498在氮素积累、分配并促进产量形成方面具有遗传上的优势。中籼迟熟杂交稻虽具有氮素积累量潜力,但氮素积累对水稻产量的贡献相对较低。机插粳稻氮素积累较低,但相比其他粳稻品种机插杂交粳稻69优8号具有氮素积累量大且产量高的潜力,较适合机插。 相似文献
4.
Anongnat Sriprachote Pornthiwa Kanyawongha Grienggrai Pantuwan Kumiko Ochiai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):568-572
To identify rice cultivars with low grain cadmium (Cd) levels, 42 cultivars of Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) were cultivated in a Cd-contaminated field in the Pha Te village, Mae Sot district, Tak province, Thailand, from 2009 to 2011. Among non-glutinous and late-ripening cultivars, lower levels of Cd accumulated in the grains of RD5, RD15, and Sang Yod than in Khao Dawk Mali 105, a prevailing and popular cultivar in this area. Among glutinous and late-ripening cultivars, Khao’ Niaw Ubon 1 and Khao’ Niaw Ubon 2 accumulated lower Cd levels than a prevailing cultivar RD6. The findings suggest that human cadmium intake can be reduced by selecting low-Cd rice cultivars. 相似文献
5.
Iron toxicity is an important growth‐limiting factor for flooded rice production in various parts of the world, including Brazil. Data related to the reaction of rice cultivars to iron concentrations are limited, especially for large numbers of cultivars. Forty rice cultivars were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solutions containing 0.09, 0.89, and 1.78 mM Fe (5, 50 and 100 ppm Fe). The effects of excess iron were measured on plant height, root length, and root and shoot dry weight. Root and shoot dry weight were found to be more sensitive to excess iron concentration. Based on dry matter yield, reduction of shoots at higher Fe concentrations compared to the optimum or control treatment, rice cultivars were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible or susceptible. The effect of Fe concentrations on concentrations and contents of other nutrient was also investigated. Higher concentration of Fe in the nutrient solution exerted an inhibiting effect on the concentrations and contents of almost all macro and micronutrients. 相似文献
6.
不同水稻品种获取氮能力的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用溶液培养方法研究了不同水稻品种获取氮能力的差异及其原因。结果表明,在不同供氮水平下,不同水稻品种吸氮能力差异显著。随着供氮水平的提高,南光、豫粳7号、黔育421和武运粳7号的氮积累总量增加显著,说明这4个水稻品种对氮的响应度高;而桂单4号、ELIO、云粳38和4007的氮积累总量增加不显著,说明它们对氮的响应度低。对氮响应度高的4个水稻品种的平均吸氮速率随着供氮水平的增加其增幅显著,而其总根长的变化幅度则较小。水稻氮积累总量与总根长和平均吸氮速率的相关关系的分析结果表明,平均吸氮速率对水稻苗期获取氮能力的贡献率大于其总根长的贡献率。 相似文献
7.
Differences among rice genotypes demonstrate that root system of upland rice cultivars influences P acquisition and growth performance. We studied root and shoot growth and nutrition of traditional and modern cultivars of upland rice as affected by P availability (three rates). At the highest P rate, the greatest dry mass was obtained with Maravilha, which was on average 180% higher than Caiapo. The modern has exceeded the traditional in growth performance, besides accumulating more nutrients. Maravilha was more efficient in root and shoot growth, and nutrient absorption with P supply, using less photoassimilates for root growth. Traditional cultivars of upland rice may develop better than modern cultivars in low P availability, with facilitates its adaptation in soils with this condition. Modern cultivars are more responsive to P fertilization, which demonstrates a better option in a cropping system with P supply to aim at high yield. 相似文献
8.
Maraval I Mestres C Pernin K Ribeyre F Boulanger R Guichard E Gunata Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5291-5298
Volatile compounds of cooked rice from scented (Aychade, Fidji) and nonscented (Ruille) cultivars grown in the Camargue area in France were compared to that of a marketed Asian scented one (Thai) by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-O analyses of the organic extracts resulted in the perception of 40 odorous compounds. Only two compounds, oct-1-en-3-one and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, were almost always perceived. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that most of the difference between rice odors was linked to quantitative differences with only 11 compounds being specific to some of the rice. Sixty compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS, including a few new odor-active components. Principal component analysis enabled us to differentiate scented cultivars from a nonscented one, and scented rice cultivars from Camargue from a Thai sample. Calculated odor-active values evidenced that the Thai sample odor differed from that of scented Camargue cultivars because of the degradation of lipids and of cinnamic acid compounds. 相似文献
9.
不同品种水稻土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落结构组成 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本研究通过提取土壤总DNA,利用特异引物进行PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),研究了不同品种水稻对稻田土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落结构组成的影响.结果显示:稻田土壤具有丰富的氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌,且氨氧化古菌种类更多;不同品种水稻氨氧化细菌群落结构组成差异较大,其中以"天A/Km71"、"闽优1027"和"Km62/1027"3个品种相似性较高,且明显不同于其余3个品种:而氨氧化古菌群落结构组成在不同土层间表现出较大差异,其中以"天A/Km71"和"Km62/1027"的表土与根际土氨氧化古菌群落组成差异最大.研究表明不同水稻品种及土壤层次对氨氧化微生物群落结构组成具有一定影响,证明氨氧化微生物尤其是氨氧化古菌在稻田土壤生态系统中占有重要地位. 相似文献
10.
以3个较大穗型的不同类型水稻品种(组合)“IR_(65600-85)”、“培矮64S/E32”、“Ⅱ优86”为材料,试验研究水稻籽粒灌浆特性及其有关生理生化活性变化结果表明,3个水稻的强势粒起始生长势均高于弱势粒,从而更早进入灌浆盛期;ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性强势粒高峰值均出现在花后6d,弱势粒峰值出现在花后12d;淀粉合成酶活性强势粒在花后0～18d高于弱势粒,尔后弱势粒高于强势拉,但“IR_(65600-85)”弱势粒后期活性仅弱高于强势粒,造成3个水稻的弱势粒灌浆不如强势粒,尤其是“IR_(65600-85)”弱势粒生理生化活性更低,其籽粒充实最差,结实率也最低。 相似文献
11.
不同的水稻品种产量及生理氮素利用效率的差异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Efficient use of N in agricultural practice can increase yield, decrease production costs and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. Effects of N fertilizer application rates on grain yield and physiological N use efficiency (PE) in relation to the accumulation and redistribution of biomass and N in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were studied at two experimental farms of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China in 2004. Three high N use efficiency (NUE) rice cultivars (Wuyunjing 7, Nanguang and 4007) and one low NUE rice cultivar (Elio) with similar growth patterns were studied under seven N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg ha-1). Grain yield increased with the N application rate and attained plateau at 180 kg N ha-1 for rice cultivars at each site. Increasing N rate decreased PE for biomass and grain yield. Grain yield and PE of Elio were about 20% and 18% lower than those of high NUE cultivars. Differences in biomass, N accumulation and N redistribution were observed at the post-heading stage among rice cultivars with differing NUEs. The less reproductive tillers of Elio resulted in less demand for C and N during grain filling, thus leading to lower PE of Elio compared with the high NUE rice cultivars. 相似文献
12.
不同基因型水稻苗期氮营养特性差异及综合评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
氮肥过量施用,不仅造成氮肥大量流失,还增加了农业生产成本,对生态环境带来了巨大的威胁。筛选氮高效基因型水稻品种是提高氮素利用效率、降低环境污染的有效途径。本文利用营养液培养方法,研究了55个水稻品种(系)在相同供氮水平(40 mg·L~(-1))、不同供氮形态(NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N)条件下苗期吸收与积累氮素的差异。并采用隶属函数法将评价指标进行标准化,基于氮效率综合值,运用分层聚类热图分析,进行55个水稻品种氮效率类型的划分,为氮高效水稻品种的筛选提供依据。在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N培养下,不同水稻品种的整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、根系氮含量、茎叶氮累积量差异性显著,变异系数分别在0.69~0.80和0.57~0.74之间。通过因子分析发现,在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N培养条件下的主成分情况相同,第1主成分由整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、整株氮累积量、茎叶氮累积量、根系氮累积量决定,主要为反映植株的生物量及氮素累积量指标;第2主成分由不同器官的氮含量决定。综合水稻苗期氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量作为水稻苗期氮高效综合评价指标。根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类热图,55个供试水稻品种可分为氮高效型、氮中效型、氮低效型3大类,分别占供试品种总数的10.91%、27.27%、61.82%。在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N供应条件下,初步确定‘广两优3905’、‘甬优9号’、‘中籼2503’、‘Ⅱ优602’、‘两优766’和‘深两优1813’为氮高效型品种。 相似文献
13.
In a greenhouse study, methane emissions were measured from two diverse Indian rice-growing soils planted to five rice cultivars
under similar water regimes, fertilizer applications and environmental conditions. Significant variations were observed in
methane emitted from soils growing different cultivars. Total methane emission varied between 8.04 and 20.92gm–2 from IARI soil (Inceptisol) and between 1.47 and 10.91gm–2 from Raipur soil (Vertisol) planted to rice. In all the cultivars, emissions from IARI soil were higher than from Raipur
soil. The first methane flux peak was noticed during the reproductive phase and the second peak coincided with the grain-ripening
stage of the rice cultivars.
Received: July 7, 1996 相似文献
14.
不同早稻品种对喷硒的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过田间试验研究了海南省主栽的12个早稻品种对叶面喷施亚硒酸钠的响应,结果表明,与对照相比,喷硒分别提高糙米和精米平均硒含量43%和34%,差异达极显著水平。不同品种对喷硒的响应不同,与对照相比,喷硒显著提高丛优629和特优5735的糙米硒含量,因此,在海南低硒地区可选择种植这两个水稻品种生产富硒大米。 相似文献
15.
根系氧化力不同的水稻品种磷锌营养状况的研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用琼脂培养和土壤培养试验研究了根系氧化能力不同的水稻品种磷、锌的营养状况。 结果表明, 在选用的 5 个水稻品种中, 根系氧化力较高的品种 LR-2、TZ88-145 和 YY-1, 其根表铁膜数量明显高于根系氧化力较弱的品 种KZ89-113 和KZ89-112。 根系氧化能力高, 根表形成的铁膜数量多, 富集的磷、锌数量也多, 反之则少。 这就构成 了“ 根系氧化力不同的水稻品种—根表形成的铁氧化物胶膜数量不同—富集在铁膜上的磷、锌数量不同—水稻的 磷、锌营养状况不同” 的连锁关系。 相似文献
16.
Tadahiko Mae 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):625-635
During the last two decades, high-yielding cultivars for multipurpose use of rice have been bred and released in Japan. Some of them have repeatedly recorded high yields of over 9?t?ha?1 of brown rice (about 11.25?t?ha?1 of rough rice). Here, characteristic features of nitrogen (N) acquisition and its relation to formation of yield components, dry matter production and grain yield at yield levels over 9?t?ha?1 of brown rice in recent high-yielding cultivars, a large grain type of japonica variety, “Akita 63,” extra-panicle weight types of indica variety, “Takanari” and “Saikai 198,” and a panicle weight type of japonica variety, “Fukuhibiki,” are described as compared with those in the standard japonica cultivars, “Toyonishiki” and “Nipponbare.” The grain yield of the recent high-yielding cultivars was 9.4 to 11.6?t?ha?1 of brown rice; that is 1.2?1.7 times greater than those of the standard cultivars. Sink capacity (1000-grain weight?×?spikelet number per unit land area) was 47?62% greater in the recent high-yielding cultivars, largely due to their 1.3?1.5 times greater N-use efficiency for sink formation (sink capacity per unit amount of total plant N in the aboveground part at maturity), although major component(s) responsible for their greater sink capacity differ among the cultivars. The ratio of grain yield to total dry matter was 1.1?1.4 times greater in the recent high-yielding cultivars than in the standard cultivars, indicating that the former efficiently translocate dry matter into spikelets during the grain-filling period. N-use efficiency for dry matter production (total dry matter per unit amount of total plant N) was comparable between “Akita 63,” “Fukuhibiki” and “Toyonishiki,” and slightly greater in “Takanari” and “Saikai 198” than in “Nipponbare.” These results indicate that greater N-use efficiency for sink formation and efficient translocation of dry matter into spikelets contribute greatly to the high-yielding potential of the recent high-yielding cultivars. 相似文献
17.
A pot experiment with 38 commonly cultivated rice cultivars from the Yangtze River Delta was conducted in a greenhouse to study the effect of mercury (Hg) contamination of a paddy soil (4.7 mg Hg [kg soil]–1) on crop growth and Hg accumulation in the grains. Mercury contamination differentially affected growth, grain yield, and Hg accumulation in brown rice of the tested cultivars. The average Hg concentration in the grains was significantly higher (p < 0.01) when plants were grown in the Hg‐contaminated compared to the control soil. Averaged over cultivars, the Hg concentration in brown rice exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 20 μg Hg kg–1. Increasing Hg concentrations were associated with grain‐yield declines up to 70%. This yield decline was mainly due to a reduction in the number of panicles. Japonica cultivars tended to be generally less affected by Hg than indica cultivars. The two japonica cultivars Jiahua and Chunjiang 026 showed both low Hg concentrations and no Hg‐induced grain‐yield reduction. These cultivars may be preferred candidates for cultivation in Hg‐contaminated soils or for studies on possible Hg‐exclusion mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
Masako Okoshi Koya Matsuno Kazutoshi Okuno Masami Ogawa Tomio Itani Tatsuhito Fujimura 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(2):199-208
Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Japan is regionally differentiated by geographical distribution and characteristics. We aimed to characterize the lineage of Japanese aromatic rice using DNA markers. Based on analyses with nuclear SSR markers, we found that Japanese aromatic rice cultivars belong, with one exception, to japonica but showed some differences from authentic japonica and were divided into two clades that were distributed in western and eastern Japan, respectively. Further analyses with organelle markers showed that most of the cultivars in eastern Japan had cytoplasm characterized by tropical japonica, whereas most of those in western Japan had cytoplasm characterized by temperate japonica. We postulate that the ancestor of the cultivars in eastern Japan differs from those of the cultivars in western Japan, and that the two groups may have been separately introduced from Taiwan into Japan. The cytoplasm of aromatic rice cultivars in western Japan may have originated from tropical japonica and been substituted into the cytoplasm of temperate japonica through hybridization between tropical japonica as a male parent and temperate japonica as a female parent. 相似文献
19.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate silicon (Si) content in a group of rice cultivars. Ten cultivars were grown in the greenhouse under three levels pf Si fertilization on a Si‐deficient Histosol. In a second experiment, 18 ‘cultivars were grown at three field locations which varied in plant‐available soil Si. In both experiments, cultivars varied in their percentage of Si in rice straw. There was no significant (P > 0.10) genotype by environment interaction. The genotypes with the greatest and lowest percentage of Si were consistently so over all Si environments and treatments. 相似文献
20.
Khawar Jabran Ehsan Ullah Nadeem Akbar Muhammad Yasin Umar Zaman Wajid Nasim 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(10):1465-1476
Conventionally flooded rice (CFR) requires enormous water and labor inputs. Water scarcity aspires for cultivation of water-saving rice. Growth response and physiology of basmati rice genotypes under the water-saving production systems has not been reported yet. Studies were conducted for 2 years to compare the growth and physiology of three rice cultivars (Super Basmati, Basmati-2000 and Shaheen Basmati), under high (CFR), medium (alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and low water input (aerobic rice [AR]) systems. Leaf area index, crop growth rate, leaf area duration and dry matter accumulation were higher for AR followed by AWD and CFR, respectively. Shaheen Basmati had a lower growth and relative water contents than Super Basmati and Basmati-2000, probably due to its shorter stature and shorter life cycle. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of rice cultivars in the different production were affected only at reproductive stage. Basmati-2000 grown as AR had the highest photosynthetic rate followed by the same cultivar under AWD. The results of this study provide us an idea that basmati cultivars can attain a high growth and development with low water input. This would be helpful to grow rice successfully under water-short rice-growing environments. 相似文献