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1.
Tetrad sterility, in which only clumps of four premature pollen grains are released from anthers, has been observed in some modern potato cultivars. It is a form of cytoplasmic male sterility caused by the cytoplasm derived from the Mexican tetraploid species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. & Bouché., an important source of resistance to Potato virus Y in potato breeding. However, since S. stoloniferum is highly polymorphic, the source of tetrad-sterility-causing cytoplasm is unknown among diverse S. stoloniferum accessions. In this study, we directly crossed 24 S. stoloniferum accessions with pollen from 4x?S. tuberosum and obtained 39 hybrids from 12 accessions. Nineteen hybrids from six accessions showed tetrad sterility, with either D/γ- or W/γ-type cytoplasm, and were triploid, tetraploid, or hexaploid. The W/γ-type cytoplasm was not necessarily associated with tetrad sterility. Sequence comparisons of 17 mitochondrial genes and their intergenic regions revealed a length polymorphism in the intergenic region between rpl5 and rps10, in which an amplified band of 859 bp was associated with tetrad sterility. This specific cytoplasm causing tetrad sterility is named TSCsto. The 859-bp band will be a useful diagnostic marker for identifying TSCsto in potato breeding. 相似文献
2.
在池栽条件下,比较了不同供氮水平下玉米细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）及其同型可育系碳氮代谢的差异。结果表明,两种供氮水平下,CMS玉米子粒产量和收获指数均高于其同型可育系（P0.05）,生物产量差异不显著（P0.05）,根量较多,根/冠比高于其可育系（P0.05）。CMS玉米保绿性好,净同化率高,果穗叶光合速率生育后期优势明显。果穗叶硝酸还原酶（NRase）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性均具有较高活性,两种供氮水平下都表现出相对优势;其叶片、茎秆和根中氮百分含量和氮积累量都表现出花后0—20 d较高,生育后期较低的特点。CMS玉米的氮素转运多,贡献率和氮利用效率高,且不施氮水平下优势更为明显。说明雄性不育植株光合碳生产和果穗叶氮代谢能力强,促进了植株对氮素的转运和利用,有利于子粒灌浆充实和产量提高。 相似文献
3.
本文采用5 个不育系与6 个恢复系进行不完全双列杂交。从配制的杂交组合中选择30 个生育期基本一致的组合, 研究籼型杂交稻稻米中重金属Cd 含量的杂种优势表现及配合力、遗传力。结果表明: 稻米中Cd 含量有明显的杂种负优势效应; 不育系和恢复系稻米中Cd 含量的一般配合力效应及二者的特殊配合力效应均达极显著水平, 说明低Cd 含量组合的选育中双亲的遗传改良和组合的评价筛选都很重要。Cd 含量的广义遗传力与狭义遗传力均较高、且相差较小, 分别为97.73%和80.10%, 说明稻米Cd 含量以基因加性作用为主, 亲本改良在早期世代选择的效果较好。 相似文献
4.
研究了经辐射诱变育成的糯稻不育系、保持系、恢复系和杂交糯稻的主要生物学特性,分析了杂交糯稻的稻米品质。结果表明,糯稻具有与原品种相同的生育期,相似的农艺性状、穗部和花器性状。糯不育系具有与原不育系相同的花粉不育特性。杂交糯稻保留了原杂交稻的产量水平和产量潜力,此外杂交糯稻具有与常规糯稻鄂荆糯6号相似的稻米品质。 相似文献
5.
Male sterility is widely utilized for hybrid seed production. In this study, two new found male sterile mutants SauS4 and SauS5 were obtained from space flighted seeds of maize inbred line RP125. Then, genetic analysis, molecular markers identification, and cytological observation were conducted to confirm their male sterile types. For genetic analysis, the above two male sterile mutants were continuously backcrossed with two maize inbred line 18Hong and RP125, and four stable male sterile lines SauS4(18Hong), SauS5(18Hong), SauS4(RP125), SauS5(RP125) were generated by six-generation backcross. Restoring and maintaining relationship analysis showed that both Hui313 and Zifeng1 didn’t rescue the male sterility SauS4(18Hong) and SauS5(18Hong). Using CMS mitochondria-specific primers for PCR detection suggested that only a 440 bp band unique to CMS-T type was amplified in SauS4(18Hong), SauS5(18Hong), SauS4(RP125), and SauS5(RP125). Sequencing results showed that these bands sequences were identical in DNA level which compared with T-urf13. Cytological observations showed that the main abortion stages of SauS4 and SauS5 were at the middle stage of uninucleate microspores under the two nuclear backgrounds of 18Hong and RP125, exhibiting the characteristics of sporophyte sterility. All the above results pointed out the two male sterile mutants SauS4 and SauS5 belonged to the CMS-T type. Interestingly, some mitochondrial genome difference between SauS4(RP125) and SauS5(RP125) were revealed by AFLP analysis. 相似文献
6.
选用WA型、Y型和DA型3种细胞质的4个不育系(博白A、珍汕97A、协青早A和Y华农A)对6个单片段代换系、8个双片段聚合系和华粳籼74的恢复力进行测交鉴定,结果表明:(1)6个单片段代换系、8个双片段聚合系和华粳籼74对于4个不育系的恢复力存在显著的不同,携带有Rf3基因座位的单片段代换系的恢复力均低于携带有Rf4基因座位的单片段代换系,并且低于对照品种(华粳籼74);单片段代换系S6对这3种不育细胞质均具有较强的恢复力,单片段代换系S5对珍汕97A(WA)、协青早A(DA)具有较强的恢复力。(2)在华粳籼74的遗传背景下,4个不育系可恢复性存在差异,程度依次为:协青早A>博白A>珍汕97A>Y华农A,即Y华农A的不育性最难恢复,而协青早A的不育性最易恢复。(3)在恢复基因Rf3和Rf4基因座分别鉴定出4个等位基因,由弱到强依次命名为Rf31、Rf32、Rf33、Rf34和Rf41、Rf42、Rf43、Rf44,受体亲本华粳籼74的基因型为Rf34Rf34Rf42Rf42,即华粳籼74携带的Rf3基因的恢复性很强,携带的Rf4基因恢复性却比较弱。(4)携带有较弱恢复性基因(Rf3和Rf4)的单片段代换系聚合为双片段聚合系后恢复力有减小的趋势。本研究结果将为水稻三系的选育和恢复基因的转移奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
The new branched spike form of wheat was synthesized from a cross between a complex wheat line 171ACS {[( T. durum Desf. × Ae. tauschii Coss.) × S. cereale L. ssp. segetale Zhuk.] × T. aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’} (2 n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and durum wheat variety T. durum Desf. ‘Bereketli-95’ (2 n = 4x = 28, AABB). This branched spike form is distinguished significantly from the other branched spike forms known so far.
Later on basis of these plants have been developed the branched spike lines. This study was aimed to generate the segregating
populations from reciprocal (F 1–F 3) and backcross (BC 1F 1–BC 1F 3) crosses between one of such lines—166-Schakheli (2 n = 4x = 28, AABB) and tetraploid wheat species ( T. polonicum L., T. turanicum Jakubz., T. durum Desf.) for revealing the inheritance character of this branching trait and study meiotic behavior in reciprocal (F 1, F 2) and backcross (BC 1F 1) progenies. Results showed that this trait is controlled by a single recessive gene despite certain irregularity against
Mendelian law in F2 generations and does not depend on gene dosage, i.e., number of chromosomes. 相似文献
8.
The genetic stock Chinese Spring Ph I (refer as CS-Ph I hereafter) with the Ph
I
gene ( Ph gene inhibitor, introduced from a high-pairing accession of Aegilops speltoides) was crossed as a male parent to a Tai-gu genic male-sterile wheat with the Tal gene and backcrossed once to CS-Ph I to develop the Tal-Ph I genetic stock. The Tal-Ph I stock, CS-Ph I as well as Chinese Spring (CS), were test-crossed using Aegilops peregrina (syn. Aegilops variabilis) to test the effectiveness of the Ph
I
gene inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing in the Tal-Ph I stock. At meiotic I(MI) of pollen mother cells (PMCs), the average chromosome pairing of the TC 1 testcrosses of TalCSPh IC 08–4/ Ae. peregrina, TalCSPh IC 11–5/ Ae. peregrina and CS/ Ae. peregrina was 26.81 I + 3.64 II + 0.33
+ 0.07 III + 0.01 IV, 24.75 I + 4.58 II + 0.25
+ 0.21 III + 0.07 IV and 32.25 I + 1.38 II, respectively. These data indicated that the Ph
I
gene could promote homoeologous chromosome pairing in the Tai-gu male sterile background. In order to verify the introgression
of the chromatin from Ae. speltoides into CS in the three CS-Ph I lines, a total of 79 SSR primers located on group-3 chromosomes were used for PCR analysis using the genomic DNA of CS, Ae. speltoides and the three CS-Ph I lines. Two markers Xwmc505
-110
and Xwmc674
-160
amplified S genome-specific fragments from Ae. speltoides in lines Ph IC 04–13 and Ph IC 11–5, providing molecular evidence for the introgression of Ae. speltoides-specific chromatin in the two lines. Furthermore, some 3D-specifc SSR markers were missing in line Ph IC 04–13, indicating there might be a deletion of chromosome 3D in this line. In further experiments, a BC 1 population was produced from the cross of Tal-Ph I/ Triticum durum- Dasypyrum villosum amphiploid (AABBVV)//CS-Ph I, and the progenies were further screened for chromosome recombination by GISH analysis. A homozygous translocation line T5VS·5VL-5DL
was identified from the BC 1F 2 by genomic in
situ hybridization, C-banding and SSR analysis. The results of the present study demonstrate the Tal-Ph I is a useful genetic stock for transferring alien genes into common wheat. 相似文献
9.
于2006-2009年在湖南长沙采用分期播种方法以两系小麦不育系BNS和对照百农矮抗58、农大211、农大3688和杨麦13为试验材料,研究了BNS雄性育性在南方生态区域的转换规律。结果表明:随播种期的推迟,BNS雄性育性表现为完全败育→高度不育→部分可育→完全可育的育性转换规律;雄性完全败育阶段以花粉典型败育为主;3月中、下旬开花阶段,花粉完全败育;4月上旬开花阶段,雄性育性发生转变,4月中旬开花阶段,花粉可育。雄性育性的转换伴随着开花习性发生转换。 相似文献
10.
以核辐射诱变育成的长穗颈不育系 (eA系 )及原不育系 (A系 )为材料 ,早晚种两季 ,对eA系与A系的包穗与节间长、花器及若干其它重要农艺性状做了比较研究。结果表明 ,eui基因对缓解大多数不育系包穗有明显作用 ,对部分不育系可以基本解除包穗。eui基因对多数不育系倒一节间长、颖花长与株高有显著增效 ,对不育度基本无影响。eui1基因的效应强于eui2基因。eui基因的作用会因季节及遗传背景的不同而变化 相似文献
11.
Trigeneric hybrids may help establish evolutionary relationships among different genomes present in the same cellular-genetic
background, and also offers the possibility to transfer different alien characters into cultivated wheat. In this study, a
new trigeneric hybrid involving species from the Triticum, Psathyrostachys and Secale was synthesized by crossing wheat- P. huashanica amphiploid (PHW-SA) with wheat- S. cereale amphiploid (Zhongsi 828). The crossability of F 1 hybrid was high with 35.13%, and the fertility was 41.95%. The morphological characteristics of F 1 plants resembled the parent Zhongsi 828. The trigeneric hybrids pollen mother cells (PMCs) regularly revealed averagely 19.88
univalents, 9.63 ring bivalents, 3.97 rod bivalents, 0.60 trivalents and 0.03 tetravalents per cell. Multivalents consisted
of trivalents and tetravalents can be observed in 52.7% of cells. A variation of abnormal lagging chromosome, micronuclei
and chromosome bridge were formed at anaphase I and telophase II. The mean chromosomes number of F 2 progenies was 2 n = 46.13, and the distribution range was 42–53. GISH results revealed that most F 2 plants had 6–12 S. cereale chromosomes, and only 0–2 P. huashanica chromosomes were detected. The results indicated that S. cereale chromosomes can be preferentially transmitted in the F 2 progenies of trigeneric hybrid than P. huashanica chromosomes. A survey of disease resistances revealed that the stripe rust resistance from the PHW-SA were completely expressed
in the F 1 and some F 2 plants. The trigeneric hybrid could be a useful bridge for the transference of P. huashanica and S. cereale chromatins to common wheat. 相似文献
12.
PurposeAccelerated erosion removes fertile top soil along with nutrients through runoff and sediments, eventually affecting crop productivity and land degradation. However, scanty information is available on soil and nutrient losses under different crop covers in a vertisol of Central India. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for 4 years (2010–2013) to study the effect of different crop cover combinations on soil and nutrient losses through runoff in a vertisol. Materials and methodsVery limited information is available on runoff, soil, and nutrient losses under different vegetative covers in a rainfed vertisol. Thus, the hypothesis of the study was to evaluate if different crop cover combinations would have greater impact on reducing soil and nutrient losses compared to control plots in a vertisol. This experiment consisted of seven treatment combinations of crop covers namely soybean (Glycine max) (CC1), maize (Zea mays) (CC2), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (CC3), soybean (Glycine max)?+?maize (Zea mays) ??1:1 (CC4), soybean (Glycine ma x))?+?pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) ?2:1 (CC5), maize (Zea mays)?+?pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) ??1:1 (CC6), and cultivated fallow (CC7). The plot size was 10?×?5 m with 1% slope, and runoff and soil loss were measured using multi-slot devisor. All treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Results and discussionResults demonstrated that the runoff and soil loss were significantly (p?<?0.05) higher (289 mm and 3.92 Mg ha?1) under cultivated fallow than those in cropped plots. Among various crop covers, sole pigeon pea (CC3) recorded significantly higher runoff and soil loss (257 mm and 3.16 Mg ha?1) followed by that under sole maize (CC2) (235 mm and 2.85 Mg ha?1) and the intercrops were in the order of maize?+?pigeon pea (211 mm and 2.47 Mg ha?1) followed by soybean?+?maize (202 mm and 2.38 Mg ha?1), and soybean?+?pigeon pea (195 mm and 2.15 Mg ha?1). The lowest runoff and soil loss were recorded under soybean sole crop (194 mm and 2.27 Mg ha?1). The data on nutrient losses indicated that the highest losses of soil organic carbon (SOC) (25.83 kg ha?1), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (7.76, 0.96, 32.5 kg ha?1) were recorded in cultivated fallow (CC7) as compared to those from sole and intercrop treatments. However, sole soybean and its intercrops recorded the minimum losses of SOC and total N, P, and K, whereas the maximum losses of nutrients were recorded under pigeon pea (CC3). The system productivity in terms of soybean grain equivalent yield (SGEY) was higher (p?<?0.05) from maize?+?pigeon pea (3358 kg ha?1) followed by that for soybean?+?pigeon pea (2191 kg ha?1) as compared to sole soybean. Therefore, maize?+?pigeon pea (1:1) intercropping is the promising option in reducing runoff, soil-nutrient losses, and enhancing crop productivity in the hot sub-humid eco-region. ConclusionsStudy results highlight the need for maintenance of suitable vegetative cover as of great significance to diffusing the erosive energy of heavy rains and also safe guarding the soil resource from degradation by water erosion in vertisols. 相似文献
13.
以"实践八号"育种卫星搭载的3个茄子高代自交系为材料,分析茄子航天诱变后代的变异及其SSR多态性。结果表明:航天诱变处理能显著影响茄子当代(SP1)种子的萌发,诱使株高、株型、叶片、果形等植物学性状在二代(SP2)发生变异,多数变异性状可在三代(SP3)稳定遗传;不同基因型材料对航天诱变处理的敏感度不同,长茄05-18的敏感性最高,圆茄05-9较05-7敏感性高;SSR多态性检测结果显示,变异株系与其未经航天处理自交系间存在不同程度的多态性,说明航天诱变可以使茄子在分子水平上发生变异。 相似文献
14.
The bulb onion ( Allium cepa L.) was historically seed propagated by open pollination (OP). Cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS) and protandry encourage
outcrossing among individual onion plants. The most common source of CMS in onion is conditioned by the interaction of sterile
(S) cytoplasm with a single nuclear male-fertility restoration ( Ms) locus. We previously reported that the majority of OP onion populations possess normal (N) male-fertile cytoplasm and varying
frequencies of the dominant Ms allele. It was unclear why N-cytoplasmic onion populations often possess relatively high frequencies of the Ms allele, which has no obvious function. We used computer simulations to estimate changes in allelic frequencies at Ms for onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm or a mixture of N- and S-cytoplasms, and to determine if frequencies of the
Ms allele stay constant or change due to failure of male gamete production from male-sterile (S msms) plants. The models revealed selection against the recessive ms allele over generations in onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm and varying amounts of self pollination and inbreeding
depression. These models were consistent with field and molecular analyses documenting that N-cytoplasm and the dominant Ms allele predominate in OP onion populations. 相似文献
15.
线粒体基因atp6与多种植物细胞质雄性不育(CMS)关系密切。为探索atp6基因致烟草CMS的潜能,以2对烟草不育系和相应保持系为材料克隆atp6基因,测序结果显示不育系与保持系atp6基因间有6个碱基差异。进一步的生物信息学分析结果表明,6个碱基差异导致4个预测氨基酸残基差异及差异残基所处区域的亲/疏水性改变,不育系atp6基因预测蛋白在二级结构和结构域上均呈现出周期结构(主要为α-螺旋)增加而非周期结构(主要为无规卷曲)减少的趋势,不育系atp6基因的碱基差异能在一定程度上引起编码亚基空间结构类型发生改变。推测atp6编码亚基尤其是亚基结构域空间结构类型的改变可能干扰线粒体F 0F 1-ATP合成酶的功能,从而成为影响烟草育性的因素之一。 相似文献
16.
Gene flow between cultivated and their wild relatives is one of the main ecological concerns associated with the introduction
genetically modified (GM) cultivars. GM sorghum cultivar has been developed and its commercial production may be possible
in the near future. The rate of gene flow depends on the fitness of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids. The study aimed at
estimating adaptive values of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids in generations F 1, F 2, and F 3 compared to their parents. Artificial crosses of four wild sorghums, five cultivated sorghums, and two male sterile lines
were made to produce the F 1 generation, which were advanced to F 2 and F 3. Each hybrid generation and their respective parents were evaluated for their adaptive value at two sites in a randomised
complete block design with seven replicates. The resulting progenies did not show serious fitness penalties. Some hybrids
were as fit as their respective wild parents and no consistent differences exist between the three generations studied. Thus,
the resultant wild × cultivated hybrids may act as avenue for introgression. 相似文献
17.
研究分析了7个同核异质不育系和保持系花药中的酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶,结果表明:在这两种同工酶的酶谱中,有些谱带是不育系与保持系共有的,不受雄配子的育性和胞质差异的影响。有些谱带则伴随雄配子的败育而出现(或缺失),其余谱带组分,则因胞质背景的不同而存在差异。据此认为,可以通过同工酶酶谱分析,对细胞质进行遗传鉴定。 相似文献
18.
目前我国烟草杂交种种植越发广泛,不育系作为制备烟草杂交种的有利材料,在我国烟草种植中具有重要地位。为了探究烟草胞质雄性不育形成的分子机制,选用烟草不育系及其保持系,在花芽分化时期利用石蜡切片和线粒体蛋白组学技术结合生物信息学分析方法进行研究。结果表明,烟草雄性不育系的败育过程发生在发芽分化的雌雄蕊原基分化时期;蛋白组学分析共筛选出线粒体差异表达蛋白113个,呼吸代谢过程中的焦磷酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和磷酸己糖异构酶等关键调控蛋白酶的表达显著下调,ATP合酶的δ和α亚基表达上调;在线粒体蛋白的合成、修饰和运输过程中,核糖体RNA大亚基中L4e、L7和小亚基中SAe的表达下调,烯醇酶、内质网蛋白加工酶、蛋白二硫键异构酶等功能蛋白结构修饰酶表达下调,蛋白酶复合体的Rpt3和α5亚基表达下调。由上述结果推测,烟草胞质雄性不育由于线粒体蛋白的合成、修饰及导入过程受阻使线粒体功能紊乱,具体表现在线粒体呼吸代谢途径的蛋白酶表达下调及合成ATP受阻,不能为其在花粉形成时期小孢子的快速分裂分化提供充足的能量,抑制了小孢子的形成和发育,从而表现为雄性不育。本研究结果为进一步开展烟草雄性不育机理研究奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
19.
Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica carinata and its related species Sinapis alba. Pollen germination studies indicated the presence post-fertilization barriers in both ways. Sequential ovary–ovule culture
helped to realize the intergeneric hybrids from the cross S. alba × B. carinata. The F 1 obtained was confirmed as a hybrid based on morphology, cytology and isozyme studies. The hybrid was backcrossed to its male
parent and obtained BC 1 seeds, which were used to raise BC 1 generation. The BC 1 generation plants were further backcrossed to B. carinata in order to develop alloplasmic lines. 相似文献
20.
用60 Coγ射线 35 0Gy分别照射杂交稻保持系 (B系 )和恢复系 (R系 )干种子 ,M2 获得相应的糯性基因wx突变体 ,并育成糯不育系wxA和糯恢复系wxR ,组配出杂交糯稻新组合。特优 63糯与特优 63具有相似的生育期、农艺性状、产量水平和抗性。 相似文献
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