CO2浓度升高对玉米叶片光合生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙加伟  赵天宏  付宇  赵艺欣  史奕 《玉米科学》2009,17(2)

以沈糯3号为研究材料,利用开顶式气室(OTCs)法研究了二氧化碳(CO2)浓度升高处理下,玉米叶片叶绿素含量、光合生理特性及其子粒产量的变化,揭示CO2浓度升高对玉米光合生理特性及子粒产量的影响机理.结果表明,在整个生育期内,与对照相比,高浓度CO2处理下,玉米叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素(a+b)的含量增加,而叶绿素a/b的值则先升高后降低;在整个处理期间,净光合速率均高于对照(p＞0.05),升高幅度为12.6%～71.1%,气孔导度低于对照(p＞0.05),其降低幅度为2.9%～18.8%.处理至抽雄期和灌浆期,胞间CO2浓度分别增加152%和161%,均极显著高于对照(p＜0.01);蒸腾速率的变化较小.高浓度CO2处理下,玉米穗粒数和穗粒重均明显高于对照(p＜0.05).CO2浓度升高在一定程度上促进了玉米的光合作用,从而使玉米子粒产量增加.  相似文献   

玉米光合生理对苗期土壤水分亏缺的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁哲军  ;陶洪斌;周祥利;冯烁;王彩彩;王璞 《玉米科学》2008,16(4):72-76

在盆栽条件下研究了不同程度土壤水分亏缺下玉米苗期光合生理变化特征。结果表明:在土壤水分亏缺下,玉米叶片光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾强度(Tr)均有不同程度下降,叶片水分利用效率(WUE_L)有不同程度升高。轻度水分亏缺植株叶片表观光量子效率(AQY)比对照下降了6.9%,羧化效率(CE)比对照下降了26.3%,CO₂补偿点(Γ)比对照升高了55.8%;重度水分亏缺处理表观光量子效率比对照下降了27.6%,玉米叶片羧化效率(CE)比对照下降了46.4%,CO₂补偿点比对照升高了193.8%。土壤水分亏缺导致玉米叶片PSⅡ反应中心光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)降低,光化学淬灭系数(qP)降低,非光化学系淬灭系数(qN)升高。轻度水分亏缺下,气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因;重度水分亏缺下,非气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因。  相似文献   

铅胁迫对玉米光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

明华  曹莹  胡春胜  张玉铭  程一松 《玉米科学》2008,16(1):074-078

试验选用玉米为试材,在盆栽条件下设置不同铅处理浓度,通过测定不同生育时期玉米叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量(Chl)和产量等指标,探讨了不同浓度铅胁迫对玉米光合生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明：①不同浓度的铅胁迫处理,除低浓度铅处理的各项指标基本好于对照外,其余处理均不同程度地使叶片Tr下降,Pn、Cs和Chl含量降低,Ci上升;②铅胁迫影响了玉米子粒产量形成。穗粒数的减少是玉米产量下降的主要限制因子。进一步分析成熟后的果穗性状,发现铅胁迫主要是通过秃尖和穗长变化影响穗粒数和穗粒重,最终影响子粒产量。  相似文献   

小麦旗叶光呼吸对光强和CO₂浓度的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康华靖  王巍伟  权伟  杨翔  欧阳竹 《麦类作物学报》2013,33(6):1208-1215

为给C₃作物光呼吸等光合参数以及光响应模型和CO₂响应模型的研究提供参考,定量研究了小麦花期旗叶光呼吸速率对光强和CO₂浓度的响应。结果表明,在21%和2%O₂下小麦旗叶光饱和点分别为1 960.629和2 030.120 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。在较弱光强(小于800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)下,小麦的总光呼吸速率(R_pt)与表观光呼吸(R_pa)均随着光强的升高而增大;当光强大于800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,R_pt和R_pa趋于稳定;整体上,不同光强下R_pt与R_pa之间差异较小(P>0.05),这主要是由于在380 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂下,光呼吸的CO₂回收利用率较低。饱和光强下,R_pa随着CO₂浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,R_pa最大值(Rpmax)所对应的外界CO₂浓度为600 μmol·mol^-1,而R_pt则随着CO₂浓度的升高而降低;在低浓度CO₂(小于380 μmol·mol^-1)条件下,R_pt与R_pa之间差异显著(P<0.05)。R_pt与羧化速率的比值(R_pt /Vc)随着胞间CO₂浓度的升高而呈下降的趋势,而不同光强下R_pt /Vc相对稳定,整体上未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

小麦光合特性及产量构成对长期不同土壤培肥模式的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张向前  曹承富  张存岭  陈欢  乔玉强  杜世州  李玮  赵竹 《麦类作物学报》2018,(5):615-622

为筛选出适宜于砂姜黑土的最佳土壤培肥模式,基于小麦光合、产量和收获指数,研究了不施肥(CK）、单施化肥(NPK,施氮量525 kg·hm^-2）、单施有机肥(M,折合的施氮量也为525 kg·hm^-2）、等氮有机无机肥配施(MNPK,有机肥和化肥中施氮量相同,总氮量为525 kg·hm^-2）和高氮有机无机肥配施(HMNPK,有机肥和化肥中施氮量相同,总氮量为840 kg·hm^-2）五种方式长期培肥后不施肥条件下土壤的养分后续供应能力差异。结果表明,不施肥条件下MNPK和HMNPK处理间小麦旗叶面积和叶绿素含量差异不显著,但二者均显著高于M和NPK处理,M处理的旗叶面积和叶绿素含量略高于NPK处理,CK的旗叶面积和叶绿素含量显著低于其他处理。MNPK和HMNPK处理的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素荧光参数F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、F_v/F_m、ETR、q_P优于M和NPK处理,M处理的光合速率和叶绿素荧光各参数总体表现优于NPK处理。M处理的穗粒数、经济产量和生物产量比NPK处理分别显著增加了10.0%、10.6%和7.6%,MNPK和HMNPK处理间经济产量和生物产量差异不显著,但皆高于NPK和M处理,其中MNPK和HMNPK处理的经济产量和生物产量分别比NPK处理显著增加26.3%、15.9%和20.6%、14.0%,CK的穗数、穗粒数、经济产量和生物产量显著低于其他处理。HMNPK和MNPK处理间收获指数差异不显著,但二者高于NPK和M处理,M处理收获指数比NPK处理增加了3.0%。小麦旗叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合速率和实际光化学效率与每盆经济产量和生物产量皆呈极显著直线正相关。由此得出,在培肥土壤基础肥力和养分后续供应能力方面,有机肥与化肥配施优于单施有机肥和单施化肥,单施有机肥优于单施化肥,且有机肥与化肥配施下增加施氮量的效果不明显。  相似文献   

水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种光合及产量形成的影响     

赵宝平  任鹏  徐忠山  武俊英  刘瑞芳  刘景辉 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(11):1399-1407

为了解水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种光合和产量的影响,以抗旱性不同的蒙燕1号和坝莜3号为材料,在拔节期和抽穗期采用防雨棚盆栽方式,测定分析了不同水分处理［重度胁迫（30%田间持水量（FWC））、中度胁迫（45%FWC）,适度控水（60%FWC）和正常供水（CK,75%FWC）］下燕麦叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换速率、叶绿素荧光动力学参数、产量及其构成因素的差异。结果表明,两个燕麦品种叶片叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量及叶绿素总含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、最大荧光、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率、光化学猝灭系数均随着水分胁迫程度的加剧而下降,初始荧光与非光化学淬灭系数则呈上升趋势,且水分敏感品种坝莜3号的光合受抑制程度显著大于抗旱品种蒙燕1号。燕麦的光合特性和产量受水分胁迫影响的程度整体上表现为拔节期大于抽穗期。中度和重度水分胁迫下坝莜3号的每穗小穗数、千粒重均下降,而每穗秕粒数显著增加,减产13.9%～25.7%。蒙燕1号的产量在适度控水条件下未显著下降,且水分利用效率较高,而在中度和重度水分胁迫下每穗小穗数和穗粒数均显著降低,导致减产9.1%～23.5%,但其 F_v/F_m和叶绿素a/b值较高;在相同水分条件下蒙燕1号的产量显著高于坝莜3号。这说明在水分胁迫下抗旱性强的燕麦品种的光系统Ⅱ的损伤和光抑制较轻,光合同化能力较强,产量损失少。  相似文献   

灌浆结实期高温胁迫对糯玉米子粒产量和叶片光合特性的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈国清  沈鑫  蔡雪梅  陆卫平  陆大雷 《玉米科学》2014,22(2):104-108

以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料,研究灌浆结实期高温胁迫对子粒充实、叶片光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下灌浆后期粒重增速缓慢,穗粒数减少,产量降低。高温胁迫使花后5 d光合速率下降,胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率上升。随灌浆进程推进光合参数逐渐降低,高温胁迫处理下降幅较高,是粒重降低并造成产量损失的关键因素。与苏玉糯5号相比,渝糯7号在高温胁迫处理下光合参数降幅较低,光合速率和胞间CO₂浓度中后期较高,受高温胁迫影响较小。  相似文献   

冀东地区密度对夏玉米光合、呼吸及产量的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

杨晴  王文颇  韩金玲  史凤玉  李爱芬  李彦生 《玉米科学》2009,17(4):66-69

以玉米品种唐丰99和农大62为材料,研究了不同密度处理对光合、呼吸和产量的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加,两个品种叶绿素含量(Chl)、可溶性蛋白含量(Pro)、光合速率(Pn)、千粒重及产量均降低,而叶绿素a/b值、呼吸速率(R)升高;两个品种千粒重对密度反应敏感,行粒数和穗粒数唐丰99比农大62对密度反应敏感。在冀东地区唐丰99和农大62最适宜的种植密度为45 000株/hm²。  相似文献   

氮素追施对玉米花后光合特性和子粒灌浆特征的影响     

陈浩源  张玉斌  朱建国  宋慧宁  张月明  夏可欣  王洪预  李昕光  李秋祝  崔金虎 《玉米科学》2024,32(2):135-143

为进一步挖掘东北黑土雨养农业区春玉米增产潜力,为合理施氮提供理论依据,以玉米品种富民985为试验材料进行田间试验。设置5种施氮方式,氮肥1次性施入(CK)、底肥40%+拔节期追施60%(T1)、底肥40%+拔节期追施20%+大喇叭口追施40%(T2)、底肥40%+拔节期追施15%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施15%(T3)、底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%(T4),研究不同处理玉米花后穗位叶SPAD值、净光合速率(P_n)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性(PEPc)及子粒容重和产量差异,利用Logistic方程拟合玉米灌浆过程。结果表明,T4处理子粒产量显著高于其他处理和对照。与氮肥1次性施入(CK)相比,T4处理玉米灌浆期穗位叶P_n和PEPc显著提高了42.8%和20.6%,玉米有效灌浆期延长13.7 d,到达最大灌浆速率时间延后2.4 d,子粒容重提高1.2%。在东北半湿润雨养农业区,按照底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%方式施用氮素(T4)可以获得更多光合产物,延长灌浆时间,增加子粒重量,提高玉米产量。  相似文献   

增密、少耕与化控耦合对玉米产量及光合特性的影响     

兰天娇  张晓龙  贺明  司雨  郑培峰  吕艳杰  王永军 《玉米科学》2023,31(5):64-73

利用长期定位试验,设置密度(D₁：60 000株/hm²,D₂：90 000株/hm²)、耕法(T₁：少耕,T₂：常规耕作)与化控(R₁：喷化控剂,R₂：喷清水)三因素试验,分析不同处理玉米产量及其形成过程和冠层光合特性。结果表明,D₁条件下,T₁R₁处理子粒产量、穗粒数较T₂R₂处理显著增加27%～40.5%、19.6%～27.3%;D₂条件下,T₁R₁处理子粒产量、穗粒数较T₂R₂处理显著增加22.9%～24.9%、14%～21.3%。少耕和化控处理显著影响植株冠层结构,降低了玉米的植株高度、穗位系数、上部叶片的叶面积,提高了植株上层和中层叶向值及上部冠层的透光率;少耕和化控处理提高了叶片单位面积光能的吸收(ABS/CS0)、捕获(TR0/CS0),在高密度条件下表现明显差异。综上,在密植条件下,少耕和化控耦合优化了玉米密植群体冠层结构,增强了对光能的截获、吸收与传递能力,最终显著增加子粒产量。  相似文献   

叶面喷肥对先玉335叶片光合特性及产量的影响     

胡文河  于飞  谷岩  张丹  岳阳  吴春胜 《玉米科学》2011,19(1):87-91

以紧凑型玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,叶面喷施混合肥(NPK)、磷钾肥(PK)、氮肥(N),以喷施清水(CK)为对照,研究不同生育时期叶面肥对其光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:不同叶面肥处理对玉米叶面积、叶绿素含量(Chl)、光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾强度(Tr)均有不同程度的影响,因生育时期而不同;叶面肥处理后产量均高于对照,以混合肥处理产量增加最多,磷钾肥处理次之,氮肥处理增幅最小。  相似文献   

Yield dilution of grain Zn in wheat grown in open-top chamber experiments with elevated CO₂ and O₃ exposure     

Hkan Pleijel  Helena Danielsson 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,50(2):278-282

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain Zn data from six open-top chamber experiments performed in south-west Sweden were combined to study the relationship between Zn accumulation and grain yield, grain protein, and yield components. Treatments included, in addition to open-top chamber controls, elevated CO₂, elevated O₃, combined CO₂ and O₃ exposure, combined elevated CO₂ and supplemental irrigation, supplemental irrigation, and ambient air comparison plots. The grain Zn concentration was strongly correlated with grain protein (R² = 0.90) over the range of the experimental treatments, representing non-soil factors. A significant yield dilution effect was found for Zn. For a 10% increase in grain yield, Zn yield was increased by 6.8% on average. Effects on Zn yield correlated strongly with effects on grain protein yield, with a slope close to unity, showing that yield dilution effects for grain Zn and grain protein were similar. Treatment effects on grain Zn concentration were related to effects on grain weight (P < 0.01) and grain number (P < 0.05), but not to harvest index. It was concluded that yield stimulation caused by rising CO₂ concentrations is likely to lead to reduced Zn concentrations of wheat grain, thus reducing the nutritional quality.  相似文献   

施氮量对利民33光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郑金玉  罗洋  郑洪兵  李瑞平  李伟堂  刘武仁 《玉米科学》2014,22(2):135-138

在大田试验条件下设氮肥用量分别为N0（不施氮肥）、施氮120（N120）、200（N200）、280（N280）和360 kg/hm²（N360）5个处理,测定叶面积和叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和产量,探讨不同施氮量对利民33光合特性及产量的影响。研究结果表明,随施氮量的增加,利民33叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光能利用率提高,进而提高产量;产量与净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和光能利用率呈正相关,与胞间二氧化碳浓度呈负相关;产量与施氮量的回归方程为Y=-0.05x²+32.38x+6 351（R²=0.98）,最高产量施氮量为335.9 kg/hm²。  相似文献   

浅埋滴灌条件下优化施氮对春玉米田温室气体排放的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李锐  杨恒山  邰继承  马日亮  薛明强 《玉米科学》2020,28(6):154-161

以传统漫灌常规常量追氮为对照（CK）,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定浅埋滴灌下常量追氮（T₁）和优化追氮（T₂：70%常量追氮）春玉米田生育期内CO₂、N₂O和CH₄排放特征,探究西辽河平原浅埋滴灌条件下优化施氮对春玉米田土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,T₁和T₂处理玉米产量无显著差异,均显著高于CK（P<0.05）。相同施氮量下,浅埋滴灌相比传统漫灌N₂O排放量增加11.78%,CH₄吸收量降低34.78%;T₂较T₁处理CO₂和N₂O排放量分别减少13.15%和20.27%。相同施氮量下,与CK相比,T₁处理降低了温室气体排放强度（GHGI）（P<0.05）,浅埋滴灌T₂处理GHGI较T₁处理降低10.46%;CK和T₁处理综合增温潜势（GWP）均显著高于T₂（P<0.05）;T₁和T₂处理净生态系统经济预算（NEEB）均显著高于CK（P<0.05）。综合来看,浅埋滴灌下T₂处理,既降低了GHGI和GWP,又保证了较高玉米产量和NEEB,是西辽河平原玉米兼顾高产、高效和生态的水氮管理模式。  相似文献   

条带深旋小双行精播技术对京农科728产量的影响     

梁茜  刘文亚  葛均筑  赵明  吴锡冬  侯海鹏  杨永安  辛德财 《玉米科学》2019,27(4):122-126,133

以京农科728(JNK728)为试验材料,研究条带深旋小双行精播技术对黄淮海平原夏玉米产量的调控效应。结果表明,与铁茬直播(CK)相比,条带深旋小双行精播技术(SS)提高JNK728收获期干物质积累量4.98%,降低干物质在叶片的分配,提高干物质向子粒转运的比例。SS处理由于小双行精播技术,显著增加JNK728的群体密度11.02%～97.78%,收获穗数得到极显著的增加;密度增加导致SS处理JNK728穗长缩短12.50%(p0.01),秃尖长显著增长15.71%,穗粗显著增粗24.34%,行粒数减少9.33%(p0.05),穗粒数极显著减少9.95%,但对千粒重的影响不显著。与CK相比,SS处理使JNK728产量提高21.40%(p0.01)。综上,条带深旋小双行精播技术可以通过密度增加,增加干物质积累总量,增加收获穗数,实现黄淮海平原北部夏玉米增产。  相似文献   

Effects of atmospheric CO₂ concentration and defoliation on the growth of Themeda triandra     

S. J. E. Wand  G. F. Midgley† 《Grass and Forage Science》2004,59(3):215-226

The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration (700 μmol mol^?1) on defoliated (three clippings at 3‐week intervals) and undefoliated plants were determined for the C₄ grass Themeda triandra, Forsk. The elevated CO₂ concentration significantly increased leaf regrowth following defoliation, and total leaf production was greatest in this treatment. Shoot biomass of undefoliated plants was also increased under the elevated CO₂ concentration treatment. The primary effect of the elevated CO₂ concentration in both defoliated and undefoliated plants was an increase in individual leaf length and mass of dry matter, linked to a higher leaf water content and increased photosynthetic rates at the canopy level. Photosynthetic down‐regulation at the leaf level occurred, but this was compensated for by increased assimilation rates and greater canopy leaf area at the elevated CO₂ concentration. Increases in leaf and sheath growth of defoliated plants in the elevated CO₂ concentration treatment were lost following a final 3‐week reversion to ambient CO₂ concentration, but occurred in plants exposed to the elevated CO₂ concentration for the final 3‐week period only. In conclusion, elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration increases shoot growth via increased leaf extension, which is directly dependent on stimulation of concurrent photosynthesis. CO₂ responsiveness is sustained following moderate defoliation but is reduced when plants experience reduced vigour as a result of maturation or high frequency of defoliation.  相似文献   

Photosynthetic Recovery of a Perennial Grass Leymus chinensis after Different Periods of Soil Drought     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):277-285

Abstract

The effects of rewatering after different periods of soil drought stress on the photosynthetic capacity of Leymus chinensis in pots were investigated. The plants were subjected to short-term (10-d), moderate-term (20-day) and long-term (30-d) drought each followed by rewatering. Control plants were well watered during the experimental periods. The long-term water stress without rewatering decreased the chlorophyll content, Chl a/b ratio, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, net photosynthetic rate (A), and leaf area compared with the control. Rewatering increased the ratio of Chl a/b, CA activity and A, but decreased the leaf area and ion leakage from the cut leaf pieces. The long-term water stress without rewatering reduced the maximal efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m), the actual quantum yield (Φ_p), and photochemical quenching (q_p), but these values were increased by rewatering to more than the control level, though non-photochemical quenching (q_N) was decreased as compared with the control. This implied that long-term drought aggravated PSII, but rewatering improved it. The net CO₂-exchange rate showed similar diurnal changes in all treatments, but the rate in the morning was lower in long-term drought (before rewatering) than in the other treatments. These results suggest the photosynthesis of Leymus chinensis may be well adapted to episodical soil drought.  相似文献   

叶面锌肥对紫粒小麦产量及品质的影响     

税杨  夏清  陈杰  高志强  李晋  刘振华  李军辉  杨珍平 《麦类作物学报》2022,(4):465-472

为明确叶面施锌肥对紫粒小麦产量及品质的影响,选用小麦山农紫（紫粒）和山农129（红粒）为试验材料,采用大田试验,设置不施锌肥（Zn₀,对照）、叶面喷施锌肥10 kg·hm^-2（Zn_{10）、20 kg·hm^-2（Zn20）、30 kg·hm^-2（Zn30）、40 kg·hm^-2（Zn40）5个处理,分析了不同施锌量下紫粒小麦产量和品质相关指标的异同。结果表明,与不施锌肥比较,叶面施锌肥后山农129和山农紫分别增产1.4%~4.7%和2.3%~5.2%;随着施锌量的增加,山农129和山农紫的籽粒锌含量、总蛋白含量及蛋白质产量均表现出先增后降的趋势,分别在Zn30和Zn20处理下达到最高值,比Zn0分别提高25.8%、1.2%、16.8%和44.1%、2.1%、20.1%。两品种叶面施锌肥较其对照显著提高了籽粒蔗糖含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数（P<0.05),但总淀粉和可溶性糖含量无显著性差异;总体上,山农紫小麦增幅大于山农129。综上所述,本试验条件下,叶面喷施锌肥可提高紫粒小麦产量、锌含量以及营养品质,以喷施锌肥20 kg·hm^-2较佳。  相似文献}   

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini-swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

U. Schenk  H.-J. Jäger  & H.-J. Weigel 《Grass and Forage Science》1997,52(3):232-241

In order to assess the effects of future elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on yield, mineral content and the nutritive value of mixed swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), both species were grown as monocultures and as different mixtures and were exposed season-long to ambient (380 p.p.m.) and elevated (670 p.p.m.) CO₂ concentrations in open-top chambers. Mini-swards were cut four times at about monthly intervals at a height of 5 cm, dry-matter yields were determined and content of macroelements (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na) and crude fibre, crude protein and ash content were measured. The CO₂-related increase in seasonal yield amounted to 16–38% for white clover monocultures, 12–29% for mixed swards and 5–9% for ryegrass monocultures. The white clover content of all swards was significantly enhanced by elevated CO₂. The K and Na content of total yield was decreased by high CO₂ but did not fall below the minimum requirements for ruminants. As the Ca content of total yield was increased by elevated CO₂ and the P content was not changed, the Ca/P ratio of total yield was increased and exceeded values required for animal nutrition. The crude protein content of total yield was reduced by high CO₂ at the beginning of the growing season only and was increased by elevated CO₂ in the course of the experiment, whereas crude fibre content was decreased throughout the season, sometimes falling below the minimum requirement for ruminants. Removal of N, P, S, Mg and Ca by cutting was significantly enhanced because of CO₂ enrichment. The results show that, besides the positive effect of rising atmospheric CO₂ on dry-matter yield of white clover/ryegrass swards, impacts on the nutritive value should be expected. Possible changes in species composition and implications for grassland management are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

The impact of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) and nitrogen supply on grain quality of rice     

Lianxin Yang  Yulong Wang  Guichun Dong  Hui Gu  Jianye Huang  Jianguo Zhu  Hongjian Yang  Gang Liu  Yong Han 《Field Crops Research》2007

Because CO₂ is needed for plant photosynthesis, the increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) has the potential to enhance the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.), but little is known regarding the impact of elevated [CO₂] on grain quality of rice, especially under different N availability. In order to investigate the interactive effects of [CO₂] and N supply on rice quality, we conducted a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment at Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 2001–2003. A long-duration rice japonica with large panicle (cv. Wuxiangging 14) was grown at ambient or elevated (ca. 200 μmol mol⁻¹ above ambient) [CO₂] under three levels of N: low (LN, 15 g N m²), medium (MN, 25 g N m²) and high N (HN, 35 g N m² (2002, 2003)). The MN level was similar to that recommended to local farmers. FACE significant increased rough (+12.8%), brown (+13.2%) and milled rice yield (+10.7%), while markedly reducing head rice yield (−13.3%); FACE caused serious deterioration of processing suitability (milled rice percentage −2.0%; head rice percentage −23.5%) and appearance quality (chalky grain percentage +16.9%; chalkiness degree +28.3%) drastically; the nutritive value of grains was also negatively influenced by FACE due to a reduction in protein (−6.0%) and Cu content (−20.0%) in milled rice. By contrast, FACE resulted in better eating/cooking quality (amylose content −3.8%; peak viscosity +4.5%, breakdown +2.9%, setback −27.5%). These changes in grain quality revealed that hardness of grain decreased with elevated [CO₂] while cohesiveness and resilience increased when cooked. Overall, N supply had significant influence on rice yield with maximum value occurring at MN, whereas grain quality was less responsive to the N supply, showing trends of better appearance and eating/cooking quality for LN or MN-crops as compared with HN-crops. For most cases, no [CO₂] × N interaction was detected for yield and quality parameters. These data suggested that the current recommended rates of N fertilization for rice production should not be modified under projected future [CO₂] levels, at least for the similar conditions of this experiment.  相似文献