共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
【目的】林分密度是影响森林生态系统结构和功能的主要因素,是森林资源调查的一项重要指标,对林木生长发育有着十分重要的影响。基于无人机影像,以实现提取不同郁闭度的林分密度,旨在为天然林保护工程实施后山区森林资源更新恢复评价提供技术支撑。【方法】以新疆农业大学实习林场伐后更新的天然林为研究对象,以天山云杉Picea schrenkiana var.tianshanica纯林为主,基于无人机影像,利用面向对象多尺度分割方法提取了低、中、高3种不同郁闭度林分的天山云杉冠幅信息,进而估算林分密度,提出了采用平均冠幅法估测高郁闭度林分冠层遮挡区域林木株数的方法。【结果】采用面向对象方法对新疆农业大学实习林场伐后更新的天山云杉树冠边缘信息提取精度较高,提取的林分密度与实测结果相近。其中低、中郁闭度林分中林分密度提取精度分别为0.9868和0.9333,高郁闭度林分中林分密度提取精度相对较低,为0.7657。【结论】总体来看,该方法用于研究区天山云杉林伐后更新地林分密度估测是可行的,采用树冠平均冠幅法能够快速准确地提取伐后更新造林地的林分密度。 相似文献
2.
采用不同更新密度、不同更新树种在不同郁闭度的天然阔叶混交林下进行更新,连续2年对固定标准地进行调查,经过分析得出结论:红松的最佳更新密度为2 000株/hm2,而云彩的最佳更新密度为3 300株/hm2;郁闭度在0.3 ～0.5之间的林分最佳更新树种为红松,郁闭度＜0.3的林分更新树种以云杉好些,郁闭度＞0.5的林分可更新任何树种,其生长量都不占优势,应先进行间伐或抚育伐后再进行人为更新;班克松生长较快,但由于不是耐荫树种,保存率较低,不适宜在天然阔叶混交林下更新. 相似文献
3.
祁连山水源涵养林天然更新状况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在祁连山天然林区，选择林分的不同郁闭度、龄级、地位级、林木组成、坡向、海拔高度等生态因子，进行了天然更新状况的调查。结果表明：林分郁闭度在0．4～0．7时幼树数量最多，0．8～0．9郁闭度次之，1．0、0．3以下郁闭度时最少；中郁闭度林分更新中等，过密和过稀林分更新不良；云杉在海拔2800m左右的阴坡、半阴坡更新最好。 相似文献
4.
5.
落叶松幼苗在其人工林内难以更新。为探讨红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗是否具有在落叶松人工林内成功定植并替代落叶松更新的潜力,采用红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗在不同落叶松人工林(样地Ⅰ:1 300株·hm-2的平地,样地Ⅱ,660株·hm-2的平地;样地Ⅲ,330株·hm-2的平地;样地Ⅳ,660株·hm-2的坡地)下进行人工更新。结果表明:1)样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ更适宜红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的存活,且同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的成活率均高于青海云杉的;2)同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的地上生物量均高于青海云杉的,并且在样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ红皮云杉的地上生物量显著高于青海云杉的;3)在不同落叶松人工林样地,红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的1级根均有较好的外生菌根侵染;4)红皮云杉幼苗的1级根直径受环境影响较大,而青海云杉幼苗的1级根皮层厚度受环境影响较大。同一样地内,2种云杉幼苗的1级根解剖结构除在样地Ⅳ表现出明显的差异外,在其它样地基本无显著差异。红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗均适宜在落叶松人工林内存活,但相对高密度的林分更适宜云杉幼苗的生长,且红皮云杉比青海云杉更具生长优势。 相似文献
6.
通过不同海拔固定样地实测调查研究,分析不同样地天然更新苗径级结构、种群密度、林分郁闭度、群落结构等指标,结果表明:(1)青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)不同海拔高度天然更新密度差异显著(p0.05)。天然更新幼苗密度低海拔地区最高,高海拔次之,中间海拔较低;(2)青海云杉不同海拔梯度更新苗平均基径为2.47cm,海拔2 500m平均胸径最小为1.63cm,海拔2 900m最大为3.8cm。(3)海拔2 500m草类青海云杉天然更新株数1 800株/hm~2为更新良好,2 700m、2 800m藓类青海云杉天然更新株数分别为1 975、1 375株/hm~2为更新一般,2 900 m、2 930 m、3 000m草类青海云杉更新株数为300、50、275株/hm~2为无天然更新能力。 相似文献
7.
通过小班调查和数据分析,得出华家岭防护林带的树种结构中,杨树占85.54％、云杉占10.02％、油松占4.18％、柳树占0.92％,其中胸径在10 cm以下的杨树和云杉分别占到了各自比例的一半以上;区域内的杨树林以近熟林为主,云杉林则以幼龄林为主;郁闭度在0.20～0.39的有林地的面积、蓄积分别占到了林地总面积、蓄积的95％以上.调查表明,当地杨树林带的生长状况较差,形成了大量的低产低效林分.因此,应对杨树残败林进行抚育、修复,在树冠下定植云杉、油松、侧柏、沙棘、柠条等树种,以不断改善和逐步优化树种及林分结构. 相似文献
8.
刘建荣 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2019,(1):64-65,41
云杉梢斑螟是云杉林最主要的害虫之一,文章对肃南裕固族自治县云杉梢斑螟的发生与林分结构的关系进行了调查。结果显示,林分的郁闭度越低,云杉梢斑螟的虫口密度和有虫枝率越高,其危害越严重,中龄林平均虫口密度最大,纯林中云杉梢斑螟发生比混交林发生严重。 相似文献
9.
祁连山哈溪林场青海云杉林生物量的测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文采用标准地、标准木和树体分层分段抽取标准样品的方法,测定了青海云杉林木不同部位的含水率、干重比、公顷容重,最后计算出树体各部位的生物量和公顷生物量,并建立了有关的数学模型。该研究提供了青海云杉林在64年生时不同立地条件、林分特征、培育方式和经营强度下的生物量。它为今后全面测定青海云杉林的生物量和生产经营管理提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,97(2):107-118
In the absence of reliable and representative data on the frequency of seed years, seed amounts, germination and survival of seeds, the data of the observation period 1992–1996 of the permanent national forest inventory of Austria are used to develop a model describing the probability for the occurrence, density and height of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) natural regeneration in the forests of Austria. The forest inventory provided data on natural regeneration (saplings between 10 and 130 cm height) on clusters within a 3.89 km square sampling grid. A logistic equation is used to predict the probability for natural regeneration occurrence. Input parameters for this equation are the variables that describe the site, with slope and azimuth as continuous variables, and growth districts and vegetation types as discrete variables; the crown competition factor describes density and the quadratic mean diameter describes the stage of development of the stand. The same equation type is used to predict the probability for the occurrence of Norway spruce, conditional on the occurrence of some regeneration. An additional variable in this species specific model is a dummy variable which is set to 1 if Norway spruce occurs in the overstory and otherwise zero. Additional site variables entering this model are elevation and vegetation types characterizing soil fertility and moisture. Because the density and height of spruce regeneration depends on the stand's susceptibility to browsing, the probability for browsing is also modelled as a logistic equation depending on elevation, vegetation type, and stand density. Finally the probability distribution for height and density of the regeneration is described by two bivariate Weibull-distributions, each one describing browsed and unbrowsed Norway spruce regeneration respectively. 相似文献
12.
秦岭山地云杉林结构特征与更新动态的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
云杉 (ＰｉｃｅａａｓｐｅｒａｔａＭａｓｔ.)林是秦岭林区高中山地带的顶极群落类型之一 ,由于其蓄积量高、材质优良 ,亦为秦岭林区开发利用最早的森林类型 (张仰渠 ,1 988)。陕西省云杉天然林面积日渐稀少 ,且资源分散 ,因此恢复云杉林在高山地带特有的防护作用 ,是秦岭林区一个重要的研究课题。本文根据对该林区天然云杉林、择伐更新林及皆伐迹地更新林的调查对比分析 ,研究了云杉林的结构特征及其更新动态 ,以期为探索该区云杉林的恢复途径及扩大这一树种资源提供科学依据。1 研究区概况及方法1 1 研究区概况 该研究在陕西省宝鸡市… 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):364-369
In single‐tree selection, trees removed by harvest or lost through mortality are replaced by ingrowth from the seedling/sapling bank. Because the level of ingrowth is governed not only by the recruitment rate of new seedlings, but also by mortality and growth rates within the seedling/sapling stratum, knowledge of how these processes are related to the tree stratum is important for successful application of single‐tree selection. Therefore, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) regeneration (0.1 m ≤ height ≤ 2.0 m) was measured on seventy 100 m2 circular subplots at each of two sites in central and northern Sweden. Both sites had previously been selectively logged, but the time elapsed since the last harvest was at least 30 yrs. Basal area of trees of at least 2 m height within three different radii from the subplot centres was measured. Measurements on regeneration included height and leader length. Influence of local stand basal area on density and growth of regeneration was analysed by ordinary least‐squares linear regression for each of four height intervals. Regeneration was significantly aggregated at both sites, but number of Norway spruce seedlings and saplings per circular subplot was not correlated to local stand basal area. Out of 36 regressions, only eight showed a significantly (p < 0.05) negative correlation between seedling and sapling height growth and local stand basal area. In five of these cases, removal of one point (subplot) made p > 0.05. The results suggest that density and growth of Norway spruce regeneration in selectively logged uneven‐aged Norway spruce stands is affected more by ground conditions than by local stand basal area. 相似文献
14.
Using the physiological single tree growth model BALANCE, vitality of forest stands was simulated in dependence of the site-related
factors, climate and stand structure. At six level II plots in southern Germany with the main tree species beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), simulated results were compared to measured values (soil water content, bud burst and leaf colouring, diameter at breast
height, tree height and crown density) in order to validate the model. Sensitivity tests were done to examine the influence
and the interactions of the environmental parameters. The validation results show that BALANCE is capable of realistically
simulating the growth and vitality of forest stands for central European regions for medium term time spans (several years).
The validation of the water balance module produces mean absolute errors based on field capacity between 2.7 and 6.9% in dependence
of sites and forest stands. Senescence of foliage as well as crown density is reproduced with a correlation coefficient of
0.70 compared to measurements. Differences between measured and simulated diameter values were smaller than 1% for spruce
and smaller than 6.5% for beech after 7 years of simulation, and smaller than 1% for oak after 8 years of simulation. On the
other hand, the simulations for pine trees conform less with the measurements (difference: 22.6% after 8 years). The sensitivity
of the model on environmental changes and on combinations of these parameters could be demonstrated. The responses of the
forest stands were quite different. 相似文献
15.
Snow is an important ecological factor limiting vegetation distribution, growth, and regeneration, and the importance of snow in the latitudes of Central Europe is expected to increase in the future. We assessed snow damage to secondary spruce stands (not of native provenance therefore not adapted to local conditions) in a mountainous region of 14500 ha in Central Europe (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic). We used neural networks-based regression modeling to study the relationship between stand and environmental parameters and four types of snow damage (top tree, crown, and stem breakage, and uprooting) that occurred during heavy snowfalls in winter 2005/2006 and 2009. Almost 40000 trees were sampled in 345 plots after each of these two events.The results suggest that parameters that can be controlled by forest management (mainly stand density and taper) were not closely associated with spruce forest resistance to snow damage. Investigated snow damage types were primarily related to the developmental stage of the stand, as indicated by stand volume, age, height, and diameter. Damage in 2009, which was caused by shorter-lasting and lower snow loads than the damage in 2005/2006, was also associated with elevation and snow depth. The response of snow damage to all stand development-related variables was clearly unimodal.We infer that forest management can reduce snow damage to secondary spruce forests in Central Europe only to a limited extent, especially under heavy snow loads. This conclusion is supported by the heavy snows that have frequently fallen on forests in Central Europe in the past and the projected increase in winter precipitation in mid- and northern latitudes; thereby increasing snow damage to forest in the future. Therefore, managers of such spruce forests should not specifically consider forest resistance to snow damage but should apply general practices that maintain forest health and productivity. 相似文献
16.
17.
为探讨毛竹天然混交林的林分空间结构特征,对不同林分组成的天然混交林生长因子进行了调查。结果表明:毛竹天然混交林的空间利用比较合理,群体结构相对稳定,其中8竹1杉1阔混交林林分密度和平均胸径较适中,分别为1 970株/hm2和10.8 cm,平均冠幅、竹冠空间分布容积和竹冠水平分布面积以及竹叶面积、叶面积指数等因子均大于纯竹林,分别为纯竹林的111.7%、118.5%和130.5%以及111.4%、111.4%;7竹3杉+阔混交林林分密度和平均胸径次之,分别为1 542.2株/hm2和10.1 cm,平均冠幅、竹冠空间分布容积和竹冠水平分布面积均大于纯竹林,分别为纯竹林的114.7%、107.8%和100.0%,叶面积指数与纯竹林相差甚小,竹林生长良好,体现了冠幅与胸径、林分密度之间的密切相关规律。不同林分组成的天然混交林各种树冠水平分布面积均大于纯竹林的树冠水平分布面积,其中4竹4松1杉1阔混交林的树冠水平分布面积最大,为6 861.2 m2/hm2,是纯竹林的17.48倍,对光利用率较高,生产的物质较多。 相似文献
18.
19.
To test the direct regeneration hypothesis and support natural disturbance-based forest management we characterized the structure and composition of boreal mixedwood forests regenerating after large wildfires and examined the influence of pre-fire stand composition and post-fire competing vegetation. In stands which had been deciduous (Populus sp.)-dominated, conifer (white spruce)-dominated, or mixed pre-fire we measured regeneration stocking (presence in 10 m2 plots), density and height 10–20 years post-burn in five wildfires in Alberta, Canada. Most plots regenerated to the deciduous or mixed stocking types; plots in the older fire and in stands that were pure conifer pre-fire had higher amounts of conifer regeneration. Surprisingly, regeneration in pre-fire ‘pure’ white spruce stands was most often to pine, although these had not been recorded in the pre-fire inventory. Pre-fire deciduous stands were the most resilient in that poplar species dominated their post-fire regeneration in terms of stocking, density and height. These stands also had the highest diversity of regenerating tree species and the most unstocked plots. High grass cover negatively affected regeneration density of both deciduous and conifer trees. Our results demonstrate the natural occurrence of regeneration gaps, pre- to post-fire changes in forest composition, and high variation in post-fire regeneration composition. These should be taken into consideration when developing goals for post-harvest regeneration mimicking natural disturbance. 相似文献