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1.
陈建平 《福建农业大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010,(1):58-61
解决腐败问题的关键是要健全权力运行制约和监督机制,推进权力运行程序化和公开透明。通过树立科学善治的权力观,启动反腐倡廉建设的＂思想引擎＂,构建科学合理的权制结构,打造反腐倡廉建设的＂民主利器＂,增加权力运行的透明度,搭建反腐倡廉建设的＂可视化平台＂,提升权力制约的法治化水平,建构反腐倡廉建设的＂刚性要件＂,提高权力运行程序的严密化程度,编织反腐倡廉建设的＂缚权网络＂,运用高科技手段制约权力,构筑反腐倡廉建设的＂科技屏障＂等,从而逻辑地形成＂思想引领—权制昌明—政务透明—法治规范—程序保障—科技手段＂这样＂六位一体＂的科学＂运＂权机制,这是构建惩治和预防腐败体系的重要内容,也是推进反腐倡廉建设科学化的关键所在。 相似文献
2.
为了寻找佛甲草快速繁殖及简捷的屋顶造坪技术，减少佛甲草的单位面积需苗量，在楼顶作了一系列实验。结果表明，初夏时用少量的佛甲草，将其剪切成一定长度的带叶切段，撒播于作好的楼顶花园栽培基质上，只需一个月的时间，佛甲草便可成坪，从而加快了佛加草的繁殖速度，减少了佛甲草的使用量，大大降低了劳动强度和屋顶绿化的造坪成本。 相似文献
3.
Snyder CD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1931,74(1923):443-449
In the foregoing pages the writer has attempted to point out first, the importance to physiologists of the discovery and application to their problems of a unit of physiological activity to serve as a universal measure of life processes. Second, a survey of the field of excitation and response points to the probability that electron transfers are involved in every case and, therefore, that such a standard of measure, if ever determined, will probably involve terms of radiational units. Third, a brief statement of some of the laws of radiation that seem to be involved is given, together with a sketch of the radiation hypothesis of chemical thermal reaction. Fourth, an analysis of the data of a few physiological processes is then presented, the results of which strongly suggest the possibility that the influence of temperature upon living processes may be due to dark-field radiations quite as much as the photochemical effects in living processes are due to radiation of visible light. 相似文献
4.
Fooner M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(3740):1080-1083
In summary, there are certain issues that need to be dealt with if a coherent system of victim compensation is to be created. 1) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation qualified by his behavior in connection with the crime? If a Texas tycoon visits a clip joint, flashes a fat roll of bills, and gets hit on the head and rolled, is he entitled to compensation? If a man enters into a liaison with another's wife and gets shot by the husband, should his dependents be compensated? If a woman goes walking alone in a disreputable neighborhood and is assaulted, is she entitled to compensation? Unless the answer to such questions is a flat "yes," the adjudication of victim compensation as a "right" would be embarkation upon a vast sea of confusion. On the surface it may seem simpler to bypass the issue of "right" and declare for victim compensation as a matter of social policy-a logical extension of the welfare state approach. But the apparent simplicity may quickly prove illusory, in light of the second issue. 2) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation on the basis of indigency to be qualified by the requirement that an offender be apprehended and his guilt determined by a court? There are two levels to this problem. First, if a severely injured man reports to police that he has been mugged and robbed and if the police cannot apprehend a suspect, how is the administrator of compensation to know that the man is in fact the victim of a crime? The administrator of compensation must determine whether the episode was a criminal act or an argument-and who started it, and who precipitated the violence. What shall be the role of the witnesses, and of investigators? More important is the second level of the problem: How will law-enforcement of ficials and the courts evaluate the testimony of the victim if compensation of the victim may be at stake? In the evaluation of proposals for victim compensation, criminologists may need to think very hard about such questions and about the probable effects on the administration of criminal justice. These are pragmatic problems; there is a third problem which may at this time seem speculative, but is, nevertheless, quite important. 3) To what extent will a particular proposal for victim compensation contribute to a temptation-opportunity pattern in victim behavior? In previous studies it has been pointed out that large numbers of our fellow Americans have tended to acquire casual money-handling habits-generically designated "carelessness"-which contribute to the national growth of criminality. How the victim helps the criminal was sketched in reports of those studies (10). It was made abundantly clear that human beings in our affluent society cannot be assumed to be prudent or self-protective against the hazards of crime. Even when the "victim" is not overtly acting to commit a crime-as in the case of the property owner who hires an arsonist-he often tempts the offender. Among the victims of burglary-statistically the most prevalent crime in the United States-are a substantial number of Americans who keep cash, jewelry, and other valuables carelessly at home or in hotel rooms to which the burglar has easy access through door or window. Victims of automobile theft-one of the fastest growing classes of crime-include drivers who leave the vehicle or its contents invitingly accessible to thieves. And so on with other classes of crime. As pointed out in previous studies, when victim behavior follows a temptation-opportunity pattern, it (i) contributes to a "climate of criminal inducements," (ii) adds to the economic resources available to criminal societies, and (iii) detracts from the ability of lawenforcement agencies to suppress the growth of crime. 相似文献
5.
Dehlinger G Diehl L Gennser U Sigg H Faist J Ensslin K Grutzmacher D Muller E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5500):2277-2280
The quantum cascade laser, which uses electronic transitions within a single band of a semiconductor, constitutes a possible way to integrate active optical components into silicon-based technology. This concept necessitates a transition with a narrow linewidth and an upper state with a sufficiently long lifetime. We report the observation of intersubband electroluminescence from a p-type silicon/silicon-germanium quantum cascade structure, centered at 130 millielectron volts with a width of 22 millielectron volts, with the expected polarization, and discernible up to 180 kelvin. The nonradiative lifetime is found to depend strongly on the design of the quantum well structure, and is shown to reach values comparable to that of an equivalent GaInAs/AlInAs laser structure. 相似文献
6.
"Salt fingers" are generated when a slowly diffusing solute overlies a more rapidly diffusing solute in a gravitationally stable fluid. The phenomenon is important in many areas of science; for example, it affects the temperature and salinity structure in the upper half of the ocean, the production of crystals when liquid alloys solidify, and the distribution of properties in magma chambers below the earth's crust. The evolution of a salt finger from initial instability to a fully developed feature is difficult to follow in a fluid because of the close-packed array of cells that is formed. However, when the fluid is contained in a Hele Shaw cell, individual fingers occupy the entire gap width, thereby enabling the experimenter to monitor and record the evolution much more easily. The instability of an array of wide fingers to disturbances that lead to (preferred) smaller scales is documented in a sequence of photographs, and a qualitative, physically consistent argument is offered to explain the instability. 相似文献
7.
8.
S Kornblum 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(813):432-434
The results of an experiment on serial-choice reaction time, specifically designed as a critical test of the Information Hypothesis, lead to rejection of the hypothesis; information is found to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition to account for the data. Where previously information had been interpreted as a determinant of reaction time, it was usually confounded with the probability of nonrepetition of a signal. Thus, to the extent that this confounding is present in previous experiments, the inference attributing an increase in reaction time to an increase in information is logically invalid. 相似文献
9.
认知计算是认知科学、神经科学、数据科学和云计算的交叉学科。数据的急剧增长、算法的不断优化和高性能计算能力的发展加速了认知计算在健康医疗、智慧城市、农业等各个领域的研究和应用。认知计算提供了一种新的模式,是大数据、机器学习、深度学习、自然语言处理、IOT (The Internet of Things)、云计算等不同成熟技术的结合体。在此模式下,研究人员不再满足于继续延用传统的数据分析方法,开始寻求新的方法以期在大规模结构和非结构数据中探索其中模式和相关性。从而认知系统可以提供学习、推理、发现、自然语言交流、决策支持的功能。农业领域的数据量呈现爆发式的增长,认知计算和农业大数据的结合有效促进了智慧农业的发展,但是由于数据不仅包括时空数据、图像、视频等多种类型,其数据质量和地理位置、网络连接和数据来源密切相关。所以对于认知计算在农业领域的应用,这既是机遇也是挑战。基于已有研究工作探讨了认知计算的概念和相关学科;阐述了认知计算的发展历程、不同架构类型和技术体系;总结了近年来认知计算的研究进展;简要介绍了认知计算在农业领域的应用现状,同时对认知计算在农业领域应用中的挑战和发展趋势进行了总结、思考与展望。 相似文献
10.
Immunological self, nonself discrimination 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
J G Guillet M Z Lai T J Briner S Buus A Sette H M Grey J A Smith M L Gefter 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4791):865-870
The ability of immunodominant peptides derived from several antigen systems to compete with each other for T cell activation was studied. Only peptides restricted by a given transplantation antigen are mutually competitive. There is a correlation between haplotype restriction, ability to bind to the appropriate transplantation antigen, and ability to inhibit activation of other T cells restricted by the same transplantation antigen. An exception was noted in that a peptide derived from an antigen, bacteriophage lambda cI repressor, binds to the I-Ed molecule in a specific way, yet is not I-Ed-restricted. Comparison of the sequence of the repressor peptide with that of other peptides able to bind to (and be restricted by) I-Ed and a polymorphic region of the I-Ed molecule itself revealed a significant degree of homology. Thus, peptides restricted by a given class II molecule appear to be homologous to a portion of the class II molecule itself. The repressor-derived peptide is identical at several polymorphic residues at this site, and this may account for the failure of I-Ed to act as a restriction element. Comparison of antigenic peptide sequences with transplantation antigen sequences suggests a model that provides a basis for explaining self, nonself discrimination as well as alloreactivity. 相似文献
11.
Mottl R Brennecke F Baumann K Landig R Donner T Esslinger T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1570-1573
Long-range interactions in quantum gases are predicted to give rise to an excitation spectrum of roton character, similar to that observed in superfluid helium. We investigated the excitation spectrum of a Bose-Einstein condensate with cavity-mediated long-range interactions, which couple all particles to each other. Increasing the strength of the interaction leads to a softening of an excitation mode at a finite momentum, preceding a superfluid-to-supersolid phase transition. We used a variant of Bragg spectroscopy to study the mode softening across the phase transition. The measured spectrum was in very good agreement with ab initio calculations and, at the phase transition, a diverging susceptibility was observed. The work paves the way toward quantum simulation of long-range interacting many-body systems. 相似文献
12.
Maitri Thakur Bobby J. MartensCharles R. Hurburgh 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,75(2):327-336
Data management in food supply chains to facilitate product traceability has gained importance in recent years. This paper presents a relational database model to facilitate internal traceability at a grain elevator, which is one of the first nodes in a food supply chain. This approach for modeling traceability information in bulk food supply chains has not been studied in past. At an elevator, grain lots (inbound deliveries) are blended to meet buyer specifications, and individual lot identity is not maintained. As a result, an outbound shipment to a customer likely contains grain from many different sources. In a food safety related emergency, tracing the source of a problem or tracking other affected shipments would be nearly impossible. An efficient internal data management system could mitigate these problems by recording all grain lot transformations/activities, including movement, aggregation, segregation, and destruction as well as supplier and customer information. In this paper, a relational database management system is proposed that stores all necessary information, including product and quality information, related to the grain lots in order to enable product traceability. The system can be queried to retrieve information related to incoming, internal and outgoing lots and to retrieve information that connects the individual incoming grain lots to an outgoing shipment. Furthermore, this system can be used both to trace back to the source of a given lot and to track information about previously shipped lots forward. In addition to traceability application, the information stored in this database provides a comprehensive dataset for many applications including mass flow optimization, resource optimization and improved operational efficiency of the grain elevator. 相似文献
13.
The resistivity of elemental ytterbium at room temperature rises, by a factor of 11, to a maximum at a pressure of 40 kilobars; a further increase in pressure causes a polymorphic transition; the new phase has a resistivity 80 percent of that of the metal at 1 atmosphere. In the temperature-pressure diagram, the phase boundary has a negative slope. The phase boundary, determined from -190 degrees to 360 degrees C, is a straight line that may be extrapolated nearly to the known alpha-beta transition at 1 atmosphere. Between the transition pressure and 20 kbar, the lowest pressure at which the measurements were made, ytterbium behaved as a semiconductor. The temperature coefficient of resistance is negative; at constant pressure, the resistivity shows the exponential temperature dependence characteristic of a semiconductor. The parameter in the expontial would correspond to an energy gap 0.015 ev at 20 kbar, an increase with pressure to a maximum of 0.080 ev at 37 kbar, and then a decrease to 0.05 ev at 45 kbar. 相似文献
14.
Kolkowitz S Jayich AC Unterreithmeier QP Bennett SD Rabl P Harris JG Lukin MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6076):1603-1606
Mechanical systems can be influenced by a wide variety of small forces, ranging from gravitational to optical, electrical, and magnetic. When mechanical resonators are scaled down to nanometer-scale dimensions, these forces can be harnessed to enable coupling to individual quantum systems. We demonstrate that the coherent evolution of a single electronic spin associated with a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be coupled to the motion of a magnetized mechanical resonator. Coherent manipulation of the spin is used to sense driven and Brownian motion of the resonator under ambient conditions with a precision below 6 picometers. With future improvements, this technique could be used to detect mechanical zero-point fluctuations, realize strong spin-phonon coupling at a single quantum level, and implement quantum spin transducers. 相似文献
15.
黄少如 《农业图书情报学刊》2011,23(1):25-27
＂一体两翼＂是华南师范大学增城学院人才培养模式,ESP是该模式一个培养内容之一。图书馆是一个图书的汪洋,图书馆的图书资料建设必须要有针对性,面对着高校蓬勃发展起来的ESP教学,图书馆需要加强相关方面的图书资料建设。学科馆员是这些图书资料的推荐者、导航者,如何结合自己的专业知识为学生的阅读进行指导深化服务,这是许多高校学科馆员正在研究讨论的问题。这是一个图书馆能否得到充分利用,能否将它的价值发挥得淋漓尽致的问题。下面就结合ESP教学来讨论图书馆的相关资料建设和学科馆员的阅读指导职能。 相似文献
16.
《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》1988,2(4):277-300
In Scotland, sheep production constitutes a major proportion of agricultural output, and a substantial number of producers lose money as a result of poor management practices. Government-run advisory services offer help to combat ignorance and inefficiency, but the necessary expertise is scarce. This paper describes a system which accepts raw data of relevance to the domain of animal production, together with production rules in the form of arithmetic expressions acquired from an expert. It derives information which is immediately useful in formulating constructive advice, and which is readily available to many users. The design is achieved through a series of logically progressing stages. The first of these is to construct a working prototype of the systems interface, the second to structure the knowledge of the domain, the third to devise a simple inference mechanism, the fourth to add an information-gathering module and the final stage to cloak the system with a user-friendly interface. 相似文献
17.
提出了圆柱与圆锥正交、圆锥与球偏交、圆柱与球偏交等三种情况下确定相贯线上特殊点的数学模型及相应的作图法,为实现回转体相贯线的计算机辅助绘图提供了理论基础,为实际工程应用提供了一种快速精确的作图方法． 相似文献
18.
Signal for attachment of a phospholipid membrane anchor in decay accelerating factor 总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41
I W Caras G N Weddell M A Davitz V Nussenzweig D W Martin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4831):1280-1283
Decay accelerating factor (DAF) belongs to a novel group of membrane proteins anchored to the cell surface by a glycophospholipid membrane anchor that is covalently attached to the carboxyl terminus of the protein. The last 37 amino acids of membrane DAF, when fused to the carboxyl terminus of a secreted protein, are sufficient to target the fusion protein to the plasma membrane by means of a glycophospholipid anchor. This approach provides a novel means of targeting proteins to the cell-surface membrane. 相似文献
19.
中国农业农村发展进入了新的发展阶段,在宏观背景上,进入工业反哺农业新阶段;在政策框架上,进入系统性扶持农业发展新阶段;在对外关系上,进入开放格局新阶段;在产品供求上,进入"紧平衡"新阶段;在生产方式上,转向规模化、组织化、社会化新阶段;在要素投入上,转向科技、资本密集型新阶段;在收入构成上,转向依靠非农产业新阶段。未来如何借力城镇化、工业化、信息化,如何拓展和延伸强农惠农政策并有效落实,如何科学调配国际、国内农产品渠道,如何平衡城镇居民、工商企业和农民之间利益,如何稳定和提高农业从业者队伍的数量和质量,如何构建新型农业经营体系,如何和谐处理人与自然之间的关系,如何持续稳定提高农民收入,如何实现农业转移人口市民化是解决好"三农"问题必须面对的核心问题与挑战。 相似文献
20.
吳仲賢 《中国农业大学学报》1956,(2)
一.緒言現行的役馬飼養標準,為數甚多。由於工作的計算困難,大都祇對於某種農業情况,加以大約的估計,因此用量的大小極不一致,而又無適當可行的辦法加以比較,以便抉擇。此中情況,林敦氏(1950)有言,"最好的方法是按照下述的辦法來飼養,如感覺馬的體情退化則增加飼量,如馬有長肥的傾向則減少之"。同樣波波夫亦謂,"必須不斷地注意馬的體况,並根據觀察結果,經常調整馬的日糧"(1954)。似此,則役馬的飼養仍處於一種技術修養的狀態,談不到定額矣。本文的目的在提出一衡量工作的尺度,根據此尺度,測驗各家的標準,並從而求出一比較合理的標準,此標準不但要按照飼養乳牛的辦法,計役授糧,而且要應用簡便,易於實行。此外,不同輕重及種類的工作,經測定各種的常數以後,亦可以納入本方法之中,俟一一論及之。 相似文献