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通过对两个感病品种（绥农８、东农４２）,两个抗病品种（黑农３７、黑农３８）在一片复叶期分别接种１和小种４两个菌株,测定了叶片的可溶性蛋白和总糖含量变化。结果表明：接种后感病品种可溶性蛋白含量先升高,后降低,可溶性总糖含量明显降低;而抗病品种的可溶性蛋白含量先降低,的升高,可溶性总糖含量也明显增加。未接种健株中,感病品种的可溶性总糖含量比抗病品种高。 相似文献
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对6个澳洲坚果品种果皮中的粗蛋白、可溶性总糖和单宁含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,粗蛋白、可溶性总糖和单宁含量在自选品种‘南亚2号’ 的果皮内均最高,分别为9.21%、3.70%和2.16%;其次为引进品种‘O.C.’,果皮内的粗蛋白、单宁含量分别为6.42%、2.00%,自选品种‘南亚3号’ 果皮内的可溶性总糖含量为2.74%;自选品种‘南亚1号’果皮内粗蛋白含量最低,为5.04%,引进品种‘H2’果皮内的可溶性总糖和单宁含量最低,分别为0.90 %和1.06 %。 相似文献
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通过测定37个龙眼品种果实成熟时假种皮中可溶性糖含量,比较不同龙眼品种的糖组分特点与差异。使用高效液相色谱法对糖组分含量进行测定,采用相关性分析和聚类分析法对数据进行分析,将37个龙眼品种进行分类。结果显示,37个龙眼品种果实假种皮在成熟时期TSS含量在16.84%~27.34%之间,假种皮中可溶性糖主要为蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖,其中蔗糖含量明显高于含量相当的葡萄糖和果糖。相关性分析表明,龙眼果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量与甜度和总糖含量呈极显著正相关,甜度和总糖含量亦呈极显著正相关。根据不同品种龙眼果实假种皮中蔗糖/己糖的比例可将37个龙眼品种分为蔗糖积累型、中间类型和己糖积累型。 相似文献
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不同类型甜菜品种根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性和产质量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定不同类型甜菜品种各生育时期根中Mg2+-ATP酶活性、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量和产量、含糖率.结果表明,在幼苗期和叶丛繁茂期,Mg2+-ATP活性呈先上升后下降趋势,从块根增长期直至糖分积累期,Mg2+-ATP酶的活性逐渐增强,并保持在全生育期最高水平.不同类型品种间存在差异,在各生育时期高糖型品种Mg2+-ATP酶活性较强.根中Mg2+-ATP酶活性与根中可溶性总糖呈正相关,与甜菜根的成熟进程正相关;Mg2+-ATP酶活性与可溶性蛋白质含量呈负相关,对可溶性糖的积累方面,二者的作用刚好相反.高糖型品种的可溶性总糖含量较高,相应的根中蛋白质含量很低,Mg2+-ATP酶活性较高. 相似文献
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目的本实验研究了人参主产区-东北三省不同产地鲜人参生理状况和内在质量的差别。方法用比色法测定总皂苷含量,用HPLC法测定单体皂苷含量。用常规方法测定折干率,淀粉、总糖、还原惦、可溶性糖、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量,以及淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活性。结果研究发现,吉林省人参的所产人参折干率、人参总皂苷含量普遍高于其它两省,说明吉林省人参加工的产量都高于其它两省。不同产区人参的淀粉、总糖、还原糖和淀粉等干物质含量以及各产区酶活性对比发现．吉林省所产的人参总体上较高;各产地脂肪、可溶性蛋白质含量：辽宁省较高,吉林省较低。结论人参有效成分与糖类物质关系密切,吉林省栽培的人参品质较好。 相似文献
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腐植酸浸种对盐胁迫下小麦萌发种子及幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究盐胁迫下腐植酸浸种对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响,采用春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为试验材料,分别用清水和腐植酸浸种,测定了NaCl胁迫下萌发种子的α-淀粉酶活性、幼苗根系和叶片的总可溶性糖、蔗糖和果糖含量,以及浸出液的电导率。结果表明,盐胁迫下萌发种子的α-淀粉酶活性降低,幼苗根冠比增加,但幼苗整体鲜重降低,叶片和根系浸出液电导率增大,总可溶性糖含量增加,叶片蔗糖和果糖含量增加,根系蔗糖含量降低。腐植酸浸种降低了α-淀粉酶活性,增加了叶片总可溶性糖和根系蔗糖含量,减少了根系总可溶性糖和叶片蔗糖含量,降低了叶片和根系浸出液电导率。推测腐植酸浸种可能是通过调控果糖浓度变化,缓解了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的质膜损伤。 相似文献
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本文主要对吉林省三个不同地区山药的生长发育状况、产量及营养品质进行了研究比较,研究表明临江山药块茎生长势最强,产量最高;其次是长春山药;长春山药产量与临江山药及白城山药产量差异不显著;临江山药与白城山药产量存在极显著性差异。营养品质测定结果表明,长春山药的淀粉、可溶性总糖、粗多糖、可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量5项指标均表现最高,品质最好,且含水量最低(75.64%),因而表现为粉性足、不易折断、久煮不散,具有良好的蒸煮品质。临江山药的淀粉、可溶性总糖、粗多糖、可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量均高于白城山药,白城山药5项指标均较低。 相似文献
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气质联用方法测定香蕉根系分泌物 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用砂培试验,通过离位溶液培养法收集香蕉根系分泌物,分别测定收集原液中可溶性总糖、蛋白质和总酚酸的含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了提取物成份。结果表明,与对照(灭菌生物有机肥)比较,生物有机肥处理的根系分泌物中可溶性总糖和总酚酸的含量显著降低;在接种病原菌情况下施用生物有机肥处理仍能显著降低两种物质含量。不同处理的香蕉根系分泌物中都含有烃类、萜类、醇类、酸类、酯类和醛类化合物;3种处理检测到的根系分泌物种类分别为41、30和32种。 相似文献
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鲜食甜糯玉米子粒可溶性总糖含量的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对利用异隐纯合体杂交法所培育的9个甜糯玉米杂交种及其对应亲本自交系,在鲜食期的可溶性总糖含量进行了研究。结果表明:各甜糯玉米杂交种与其对应亲本间、9个甜糯玉米杂交种间、15个亲本自交系间的可溶性总糖含量都存在显著或极显著差异。甜糯玉米杂交种的可溶性总糖含量高于隐性纯合体wx、su1wx;但低于sh2wx、bt1wx、sh2su1wx。甜糯玉米sh213-2号的可溶性总糖含量最高,其次是bt1sh279-3号。sh2su1-79型和bt1sh2su1-43型甜糯玉米可溶性总糖含量较低。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
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Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
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Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
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Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
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Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
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Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献