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1.
Information on the effect of road transportation conditions and lairage times on the meat quality of pork under South African conditions is very sparse. In this investigation, the effects of 2 road conditions (rough road with frequent stops - A; smooth road, few stops - B) and 2 lairage holding periods (2 h and 24 h) on the physical meat quality attributes of commercially produced pigs during summer (ambient temperatures > 30 degrees C) in the Western Cape (South Africa) were investigated. Pig meat from pigs transported on a road that caused more stress (A), had lower pH 45 (measured 45 min post mortem) values after 2 h lairage than pigs transported over a smoother road. Pigs B had a lower muscle pH 24 (measured 24 h post mortem) than group A, indicating that they had more glycogen reserves available for post mortem glycolysis. Road conditions A were more stressful resulting in a higher incidence of PSE pork, as shown by the percentage drip loss and the L* values. When the lairage period was increased to 24 h prior to slaughter, pigs transported under road conditions A had time to replenish their energy reserves and the pH 45, drip loss and L* values were within an acceptable range. However, pigs transported under road conditions B had lower pH 45 and higher pH 24 values, indicating that the lairage period was too long and that energy reserves were depleted in order to adapt to the stressful conditions. Results from this investigation indicate that improvement of the transport/road conditions will result in better pork quality. 相似文献
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宰前休息方式对猪福利、血液成分及肉质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选取体质量约为100 kg、氟烷基因型为NN的长×大二元杂交猪60头,随机分为3组:不休息组,休息3 h组,休息3 h+玩具组,公母各半.根据评分标准分别记录休息过程中猪的精神状况.放血时收集血样,用于分析血浆中皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)浓度,乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶活性,乳酸、血糖浓度;添加EDTA-K<,2>抗凝剂的血样用于血细胞分析.同时在放血时,测定血温.屠宰后.测定背最长肌24 h滴水损失;背最长肌(LM)、半膜肌(SM)45 min以及24 h的pH、色值、导电率.结果表明:①休息3 h+玩具组在3个时间段的精神评分要极显著高于休息3 h组,随着时间的延长猪都表现出趋于平静的趋势;②休息3 h+玩具组和休息组3 h组在皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素要显著低于不休组(P<0.05),相反乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶要显著高于不休息组(P<0.05),而休息3h+玩具组与休息3 h组差别不显著(P<0.05);③3个休息处理组在肉质指标上没有出现显著差别(P<0.05);④休息3 h+玩具组、休息3 h组在红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白含量(HGB)均要显著低于不休息组(P<0.05);休息3h+玩具组在白细胞数(WBC)上显著高于不休组(P<0.05);休息3 h组的淋巴细胞绝对值(W-SCC)显著高于不休息组(P<0.05);而休息3 h+玩具组与休息3 h组在所有的免疫指标上都没有显著差异(P>0.05).根据上述的结果显示,宰前一定要让猪有一个休息的过程,这种措施能有效缓解猪的应激,并能恢复其免疫能力;在休息的过程中,添加部分福利玩具,至少对猪的精神状态有明显的好处. 相似文献
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P.N. Grigor W.B. Steele C.L. Williams C.G. van Reenen 《Livestock Production Science》2004,91(3):219-228
Comparisons were made of the behaviour, physiology and meat quality of 24-week-old male veal calves (mean live weight 234 kg) that were slaughtered either at the veal unit (the control group) or following 3 h transportation at space allowances of either 0.7 or 0.95 m2 calf−1 and 1.5 h of lairage. Compared with nontransported calves, transported calves had a greater heart rate during the journey and during lairage; greater plasma cortisol concentration immediately after the journey, but not after 1.5 h of lairage; and greater plasma creatine kinase activity immediately after the journey and after 1.5 h of lairage. The transported calves did not lie down during the journey. There was no effect of space allowance on either the heart rate or frequency of potentially traumatic events during the journey or the plasma cortisol concentration and plasma creatine kinase activity sampled after the journey. There was no effect of transport on either carcase bruising or muscle pH 24 h after slaughter. Although compared with ‘on-farm’ slaughter, the transport and handling associated with the journey to the slaughterhouse were stressful to the calves; there were no adverse effects of transport on either carcase bruising or meat quality. 相似文献
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本试验以伊拉肉兔为研究对象,探究肉兔运输后在禁食与非禁食条件下对其应激水平、肉品质和行为的影响,探索合理的肉兔运输后的处理方式。试验选取80只体重相近（（2.5±0.5） kg）的伊拉公兔,随机分为8个组：对照组、运输后0 h组、非禁食6 h组、非禁食24 h、禁食6 h组、禁食24 h组、禁食行为观察组和非禁食行为观察组（做行为观察,不屠宰）。预试期为7 d,正式期的运输时间为2 h。结果发现,在血清生化测定中,和对照组相比,运输后0 h组血清ALT、AST、TG、Glu、CK、LDH水平无显著变化（P>0.05）,而运输后0 h组血清TP浓度显著下降,皮质醇浓度显著上升（P<0.05）。非禁食24 h组血糖水平高于禁食24 h组（P<0.05）、血清CK浓度低于禁食24 h组（P<0.01）,非禁食6 h的LDH水平低于禁食6 h组（P<0.05）。在肉品质测定中,运输后0 h时肌肉pH显著上升（P<0.05）,肌肉L*、a*水平显著下降（P<0.05）,而非禁食24 h组的L*、a*和b*值显著高于禁食24 h组。而禁食组与非禁食组的肌肉pH、失水率、蒸煮损失率和剪切力等无显著差异（P>0.05）。在基因表达方面,运输后0 h时JNK、Caspase-3的mRNA水平显著上升（P<0.05）。非禁食相比于禁食降低了JNK mRNA相对表达量（P<0.05）,对Caspase-3水平无显著影响（P>0.05）。在行为学方面,非禁食相比于禁食降低了肉兔的食粪行为（P<0.05）,对于肉兔刻板行为改变不明显（P>0.05）。本研究提示,在运输后静养期间,24 h非禁食能一定程度降低肉兔的应激、减少机体损伤、改善兔肉品质,有利于提高肉兔的福利水平。 相似文献
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Cockram MS Kent JE Goddard PJ Waran NK Jackson RE Mcgilp IM Southall EL Amory JR Mcconnell TI O'Riordan T Wilkins BS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,159(2):139-146
The effect of a novel lairage environment on the ability of sheep to recover from 16 h of transport was investigated. Sheep were transported from grass paddocks to either novel outside paddocks or inside pens, and housed groups were transported to either familiar or novel inside pens. During transport, sheep from outside paddocks lay down less than those from inside pens. In sheep transported to inside pens, those from outside paddocks spent more time lying and spent less time eating; hay and water intakes during the first 12 h post-transport were lower than those previously kept inside. There was no obvious effect of a novel environment post-transport on blood biochemistry, suggesting that the lower post-transport feed and water intakes in a novel environment did not have a significant effect on the ability of the sheep to recover from the feed and water deprivation associated with transport. 相似文献
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Piñeiro M Piñeiro C Carpintero R Morales J Campbell FM Eckersall PD Toussaint MJ Lampreave F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):669-674
The acute phase protein (APP) response was evaluated after prolonged transportation of pigs under commercial conditions. Elevated serum APP concentrations were observed in two groups of boars immediately after their arrival at a destination farm compared with within-animal control samples obtained one month later. The effect was more pronounced in the first group of pigs conveyed under average transport conditions (Transport 1, 24 h), although the second group was transported for a longer time period (Transport 2, 48 h) but in superior transport conditions. In a second trial, pigs were sampled before transport, on arrival at an abattoir (following 12 h transport), and at the slaughter-line (after 6 h lairage). Significant increases in major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I, were observed at slaughter. The results demonstrate that shipment of pigs by road can result in an APP response that is probably related to the stress of transport. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 8 h of road transportation on physiological responses and meat quality traits of sheep at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Seventy-two male sheep were equally divided into transported (TRANS) and nontransported (CON) treatments (n = 36), and each treatment was subdivided into 3 groups by age (n = 12). Sheep in CON groups were weighed, blood sampled, and slaughtered, whereas sheep in TRANS groups were weighed, transported, blood sampled, and slaughtered to collect meat samples. The BW of sheep in TRANS groups was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) compared with CON sheep, and older sheep lost more BW than younger animals. However, dressing percentages of TRANS sheep were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than those of CON sheep. Some meat quality variables were affected by transportation, and responses of different ages of sheep varied. Total pigment content and lipid oxidation of LM and gluteus medius of TRANS sheep increased significantly (P < 0.001) compared with CON sheep. Cooking loss of LM and gluteus medius was influenced significantly (P < 0.01) by interaction effect between transportation and age, and the values for 6-mo-old TRANS sheep were less than those of CON sheep. Serum total protein (P = 0.036), globulin (P = 0.026), triglyceride (P < 0.001), and total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.028) of TRANS sheep decreased compared with CON sheep. Serum NEFA concentration of TRANS sheep increased in relation to CON sheep with a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between transportation and age effect. Numbers of white blood cells were influenced (P = 0.002) by an interaction effect between transportation and age, and values for 6-mo-old sheep were not influenced by transportation. Numbers of platelets were influenced (P = 0.014) by age; they decreased more in 6-mo-old sheep than in older sheep. Transportation and age had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on packed cell volume and lymphocyte number. Serum creatine kinase activities in TRANS sheep were affected (P = 0.01) by an interaction effect between transportation and age. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in serum of TRANS sheep increased (P = 0.009) with the greatest change for 6-mo-old compared with older sheep. In conclusion, 8 h of road transportation resulted in greater heme pigment concentrations but improved meat tenderness and induced physiological responses of sheep. However, different ages of sheep showed different responses to the present transportation pattern. 相似文献
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对杜泊羊,小尾寒羊及其杂一代羔羊的生产性能进行了测定。结果显示,杜寒杂一代的初生重较纯种杜泊羊和小尾寒羊分别提高了22.27%、34.03%(P<0.01)。其60日龄平均日增重小尾寒羊增加117g(P<0.01)。从出生到周岁的体尺测定结果表明,杜寒杂一代的胸围比纯种杜泊羔羊、比小尾寒羊羔羊分别提高了0.13cm、2.57cm,差异显著(P<0.05)。杜寒杂一代初产母羊的产羔率比纯种杜泊羊初产母羊的产羔率提高了36.32%。5月龄杜寒杂一代比同龄小尾寒羊的屠宰率高2.6%,净肉率提高10.93%。 相似文献
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Pérez MP Palacio J Santolaria MP del Aceña MC Chacón G Verde MT Calvo JH Zaragoza MP Gascón M García-Belenguer S 《Veterinary research》2002,33(3):239-250
A total of 150 Large White cross Landrace pigs (110-120 kg) of both sexes were used to investigate the effects of three different lairage times (0 h, 3 h, 9 h). Blood samples were collected at exanguination and cortisol, glucose, lactate, muscle enzymes and haematological parameters were determined. Post-mortem measurements of muscle pH were taken at 20 min, 2 h and 24 h from Longissimus thoracis and Semimembranosus. Lairage time showed a significant effect on pH24, internal muscle reflectance using the fibre optic probe (FOP24), red blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes, glucose and enzymatic activities. Changes in blood profile and meat quality parameters indicated that three hours of lairage in Spanish commercial conditions may reduce the amount of stress exhibited by pigs at slaughter and better meat quality can be obtained. No lairage or an excessively long lairage period without food may compromise animal welfare and meat quality. 相似文献
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Chacon G Garcia-Belenguer S Villarroel M Maria GA 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,112(12):465-469
Forty-eight slaughter bulls were transported by road in groups of eight for approximately 30 min, 3 h and 6 h in two replicates. Animal welfare during the transport process was assessed. Loadings and unloadings were evaluated with a scoring method. Heart rates were monitored at the farm before loading and during all stages of transport. Blood samples were taken from all animals a week before transport and at sticking and analysed in terms of haematological values: hematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC), differential WBC counts and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Glucose, creatine kinase, lactate and cortisol were also determined. To evaluate differences in meat quality, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) were measured 24 h after slaughter. The loading and unloading scores were very low (low stress) but were associated with changes in heart rate, especially loading. Animals recovered their resting heart rate during the journey in medium and long transports. On the other hand, animals transported around 30 min maintained an elevated heart rate during the whole journey. All animals showed a stress response with significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of erythrocyte series, N:L ratio, glucose and lactate. Animals transported for 3 and 6 hours had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of cortisol than controls or 30 min transports, without differences between control and the shortest journey. Different transport times did not influence meat quality. Under good conditions, the transport had a slight effect on welfare, meat quality or physiological parameters related with stress. 相似文献
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Naziroğlu M Güler T Yüce A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(5):251-255
The effects of vitamin E on pH value, total protozoa counts, volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen and lactate levels were examined using an in vitro ruminal incubation system. The ruminal fluid (100 ml) of the first and second group was supplemented with 0.4 mg or 0.8 mg of vitamin E, respectively. Samples were taken immediately before and following 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation at 39 degrees C and analysed for the total protozoa counts, the pH and the levels of ammonia nitrogen, lactate and VFA. Levels of propionate at 24 h and ammonia nitrogen at 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in the second group than in the control. In contrast, the levels of butyrate at 6, 12 and 24 h and lactate at 6, 12 and 24 h were lower in the second group than in the control. Propionate at 24 h, acetate levels at 6, 12 and 24 hand ammonia nitrogen levels at 6, 12 and 24 h and total rumen protozoa counts at 6, 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in the second group as compared with control. In contrary, butyrate levels at 6, 12 and 24 h, lactate levels at 6, 12 and 24 h were lower in second group than in control. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the pH values. In conclusion, the addition of vitamin E to in vitro ruminal fluid was found to increase the concentrations of acetate and propionate, total counts of protozoa, levels of ammonia nitrogen, but to decrease the butyrate and lactate levels of the ruminal aliquots in in vitro ruminal fermentation. 相似文献
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R E Klont B Hulsegge A H Hoving-Bolink M A Gerritzen E Kurt H A Winkelman-Goedhart I C de Jong R W Kranen 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(11):2835-2843
In this study the effects of barren vs enriched housing conditions of pigs on their behavior during the lairage period (2-h holding period before slaughter), carcass characteristics, postmortem muscle metabolism, and meat quality were studied. The barren housing system was defined by common intensive housing conditions (i.e., with slatted floors and recommended space allowances), whereas the enriched environment incorporated extra space and straw for manipulation. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured before transport and at the end of the lairage period. During the lairage period the percentage of time spent walking and fighting by the pigs was registered. Carcass characteristics such as weight, meat percentage, and backfat thickness were determined. At 5 min, 45 min, 4 h, and 24 h postmortem, pH, temperature, and lactate concentrations were determined in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Capillarization of the muscle, mean muscle fiber area, and color and drip loss after 2 and 5 d of storage were determined for both muscle types. Pigs from the barren environment had a significantly higher increase in cortisol from farm to slaughter, but no differences in behavior were observed during the lairage period. Carcass characteristics did not differ between pigs from barren and those from enriched housing conditions. Postmortem lactate formation was significantly lower in LL muscles of enriched pigs at 4 and 24 h postmortem. Capillary density and mean muscle fiber area did not differ between the groups of pigs. The percentage of drip loss at 2 and 5 d after storage of LL muscle samples from enriched-housed pigs was significantly lower than that of the barren-housed pigs. Similar tendencies were found for the BF muscle from pigs kept in an enriched environment, but these were not statistically significant. The housing system did not affect meat color. It is concluded that on-farm improvement of animal welfare by environmental enrichment can also lead to beneficial economic effects after slaughter by improving the water-holding capacity of pork. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究桑树茎叶饲料对肉兔生产性能和肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选择35日龄健康、体重接近的新西兰肉兔144只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复6只),分别饲喂桑树茎叶饲料添加量为0(对照组)、8%、16%、24%的试验饲粮。预试期为7 d,正试期为42 d。结果显示:24%组平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05)、料重比显著高于对照组(P0.05);16%、24%组背肌和腿肌45 min时的红绿度(a*)值和24 h时的p H显著高于对照组(P0.05);16%、24%组背肌和腿肌的滴水损失率显著低于对照组(P0.05);16%、24%组背肌和腿肌中肌苷酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);16%、24%组背肌中亚麻酸、腿肌中棕榈酸和亚麻酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中桑树茎叶饲料的添加量不超过16%时对肉兔的生产性能无显著影响,同时能提高肌肉中风味物质的含量,改善肉品质。 相似文献
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杂交对杜泊羊与蒙古羊杂交后代屠宰性能及肉品质影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(10):28-28
为了研究蒙古羊与杜泊羊杂交优势,试验以蒙古羊、杜蒙羊F1和杜蒙羊F2为研究对象,测定其屠宰性能及肉品质。结果表明：同为6月龄,杜蒙羊F2活体重、胴体重、净肉率、屠宰率、胴体产肉率、眼肌面积、背肉厚均高于杜蒙羊F1和蒙古羊,且与蒙古羊活体重、胴体重、净肉率、屠宰率差异显著（P〈0.05）;臂三头肌和背最长肌L＊值,杜蒙羊F2〉杜蒙羊F1〉蒙古羊;杜蒙羊F2与杜蒙羊F1剪切力低于蒙古羊,二者肉品嫩度好于蒙古羊。以上结果显示,优良品种杂交提高了后代屠宰性能,改善后代羊肉品的色泽和嫩度,使后代肉呈现鲜艳亮红色,嫩度好于亲本蒙古羊。通过优良品种杂交,能够凸显出优良品种选育的优势。 相似文献
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Purdy CW Straus DC Chirase N Parker DB Ayers JR Hoover MD 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(1):28-35
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic effects of aerosolized feedyard dust that contains natural endotoxins on adult sheep. ANIMALS: Eighteen 3-year-old Saint Croix sheep. PROCEDURE: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 2 treatment groups (dust-endotoxin group, n = 9; control group, 9). Aerosolized feedyard dust was provided continuously during a 4-hour period for each application (once in week 1, 3 times in week 2, and 7 times in week 3) to sheep in a semiairtight tent. All sheep were euthanatized and necropsied 8 hours after the treatment group received the last dust treatment. Variables measured before and after each dust treatment were rectal temperature, total WBC count, and concentrations of fibrinogen and haptoglobin. RESULTS: Mean amount of dust administered during each treatment was 451 g/4 h. Filter collection indicated 51 mg of dust/m3 and 7,423 ng of endotoxin. Mean rectal temperature at 8 hours (40.4 C) and mean WBC counts 12 and 24 hours after dust treatment were significantly higher for the treated group than the means of the respective variables for the control group. Similar responses were observed with repeated dust-endotoxin treatments; however, with each subsequent treatment, there was a diminished response. Sheep in the treatment group had generalized alveolar septal thickening and hypercellularity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feedyard dust induced a temporary febrile response and leukocytosis in sheep in the treatment group. Exposure to dust that contains endotoxins may be a stressor preceding acute infectious respiratory tract disease of marketed sheep. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平的过瘤胃保护性精氨酸（ｒｕｍｅｎ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ，ＲＰ Ａｒｇ）和大豆油对细毛羊肌内脂肪和脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选用健康、体重相近的 １５只细毛羊，随机分为５组，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加１．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ、２．０ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ、１．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油和 ２．０ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油的饲粮。预试期为５ｄ，正试期为 ４５ｄ。试验结束后每组选 ２只羊进行屠宰，取背最长肌样用于测定肉质指标和脂肪酸组成。结果表明：试验组肌肉 ｐＨ、系水率和熟肉率与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而肌内脂肪含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；试验组肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸含量与对照组相比显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；添加 ＲＰ Ａｒｇ和大豆油有提高肌肉过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体 γ（ＰＰＡＲγ）、脂蛋白脂酶（ＬＰＬ）ｍＲＮＡ表达量，降低激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶（ＨＳＬ）ｍＲＮＡ表达量的趋势。综合指标，以 １．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ组与 １．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油组添加效果较好。 相似文献
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Thermophysiological,haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Pascual‐Alonso G. C. Miranda‐de la Lama L. Aguayo‐Ulloa M. Villarroel M. Mitchell G. A. María 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):541-551
The study was conducted to evaluate the thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. A total of 44 Chamarita breed adult ewes were randomly allotted to one of two groups, one control group (untransported) and transported group (journey of 4 h), and blood stress indicators were measured 1 day before transport and at four time points post‐transport (0, 4 and 24 h). Thermophysiological profiles of ewes were measured by temperature buttons (iButton Thermochron®) and placed in intravaginal sponges. Direct observations, with a combination of scan and behaviour sampling, were carried out to collect information on individual behaviour and the time it took the ewes to drink water, eat and rest after returning to their pen respectively. Transported ewes lost approximately 1 kg live weight compared to controls and had higher body temperatures until 12 h post‐transport. Cortisol, glucose, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations as well as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and other physiological indicators were higher immediately after unloading in transported ewes but mostly returned to normal after 4 h, with complete recovery after 24 h. Behavioural analysis post‐transport demonstrated that transported ewes chose to eat before drinking and spent less time resting than controls in the first 3 h after unloading. The study demonstrates that transportation even under short‐journey conditions induced behavioural, physiological and thermophysiological responses indicative of the induction of significant stress, leading to live weight shrinkage that may jeopardize farmer's incomes. Finally, results of this study validated the use of iButton Thermochron® data loggers for monitoring the stress response during transport. 相似文献