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简要介绍了基因工程、酶工程、微生物工程等生物技术在水产动物营养研究及饲料业中的应用.用生物技术生产的饲料添加剂,对提高养殖动物的生产性能和健康水平有重要作用;用生物技术可开发饲料源,提高饲料的营养价值及利用率,促进养殖业健康持续发展. 相似文献
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关于转基因鱼研究的进展常建波近年来，世界各国水产界在生物技术工程特别是基因工程方面的研究进展迅速，为超越种间屏障、无限利用水产生物遗传资源提供了可能性。日本的尾里等（１９８９）使用青路成功地做出了转基因鱼。因青鳝的卵膜厚，显微注射困难，所以尾里等选择... 相似文献
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水产种业是水产养殖业发展的基础,是渔业战略性、基础性核心产业,也是保障未来养殖业绿色、健康发展的核心竞争力。随着水产业全球化、市场化的发展,我国种业正面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战。特别是随着生物技术的快速发展,水产育种也由传统的选择育种和杂交育种,发展至细胞工程育种、分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种和基因组编辑等精准设计育种。水产动物重要经济性状的基础研究及其遗传改良技术的创建驱动着我国水产种业的蓬勃发展,截止2022年,通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定并由农业农村部公告的水产新品种就有266个,其中鲤新品种数量最多,为31个,表明鲤育种工作卓有成效。本文重点回顾了我国鲤的种质和基因组资源现状,鲤的主要品种及其育种方法;简要介绍了鲤生长、抗病、体色、饲料转化率等经济性状关联的遗传研究进展,并由此提出了新时代背景下鲤种业的发展方向和措施建议,以期为我国鱼类育种提供借鉴。 相似文献
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随着现代遗传育种理论和生物技术的不断发展与创新,水产育种技术也开始从传统的选择育种、杂交育种技术,逐渐向与分子标记辅助育种、细胞工程育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种、性别控制、基因转移以及基因编辑等现代分子辅助育种技术相结合的方向发展。虽然,我国水产种业已经形成并蓬勃发展,但仍存在良种覆盖率低、研究深度不够等问题和挑战。本文在国内外研究的基础上,重点综述了棘皮动物(海参和海胆)的种质资源概况、水产养殖育种新技术及在经济棘皮动物中的应用,并对海参、海胆养殖业提出了建议,以期为合理开发我国经济棘皮动物种质资源提供参考,推动水产养殖业绿色发展。 相似文献
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我国离岸养殖工程发展策略 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
发展离岸养殖工程对于保障水产品供给、开发蓝色国土资源、实现海洋水域资源的合理利用与有效开发具有重大意义。本文阐述了我国网箱养殖工程发展现状和面临的主要问题,介绍了国外在深水抗风浪网箱和养殖工船方面的研发进展,指出未来离岸养殖工程发展趋势是养殖设施系统大型化、养殖环境生态化、养殖地域外向化、养殖过程低碳化,提出了我国离岸养殖工程发展战略目标是:至2020年,全面形成面向深海、合理分布于主权海域的海上水产品养殖生产与流通体系,实现海洋渔业由"捕"向"养"的根本性转变,建立领先于世界的工业化蓝色农业生产体系。 相似文献
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Angelisa T.Y. Osmond Stefanie M. Colombo 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(3):490-509
Advancements in gene technology in recent years have been driving the aquaculture industry forward. Improvements in growth performance, feed efficiency, and omega‐3 content are goals of the industry that could capitalize on applications of genetic engineering. One of the major challenges in the industry is to reduce the use of fish meal and oil, to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture. The recent development of genetically engineered feed ingredients is one potential solution to the looming problem of fish meal and oil dependency. Furthermore, the development of transgenic fish has potential to improve production efficiency and other future desirable characteristics that relate to feed utilization and product quality. New gene technologies are beginning to revolutionize how we produce our food, and in aquaculture, will ultimately reduce pressure on wild fish stocks, help to preserve natural aquatic ecosystems, and improve nutritional profiles of farmed fish for human consumption. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current applications of genetic engineering technology to improve aquaculture through nutrition, including the development and use of transgenic feed ingredients, transgenic fish, and ultimately their impacts on nutrition, product quality, and consumers. 相似文献
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高效低碳——中国水产养殖业发展的必由之路 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
养殖种类不断增加,营养层次不断提高,集约化水平不断提升已成为我国水产养殖业总体发展的趋势,疾病流行、良种匮乏、污染严重、产品质量堪忧等诸多难题也随之而来。但从大尺度来审视,影响水产养殖近中期目标实现和可持续发展的主要问题则是水资源短缺、排污问题和产业发展对能源、鱼粉不断增大的需求。就产业主体而言,为保障我国的食物安全、实现我国CO2减排目标,高效低碳模式是水产养殖业发展的必由之路。对未来10年甚或更长时期我国水产养殖发展目标的实现还会主要依靠一些相对简单且易被大众掌握的新技术的应用。积极发展碳汇渔业,特别是海水大型藻类和滤食性贝类的养殖,是实现水产养殖产业总体上走高效低碳道路的结构性保障。高效低碳养殖模式的建立需要大水域协同生产机制的体制保障,需要政府加强对养殖污染物排放监管的法律保障,需要生态学与经济学结合的学科保障。 相似文献
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Germ cell transplantation as a potential biotechnological approach to fish reproduction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. M. S. N. Lacerda G. M. J. Costa P. H. A. Campos-Junior T. M. Segatelli R. Yazawa Y. Takeuchi T. Morita G. Yoshizaki L. R. França 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(1):3-11
Although the use of germ cell transplantation has been relatively well established in mammals, the technique has only been adapted for use in fish after entering the 2000s. During the last decade, several different approaches have been developed for germ cell transplantation in fish using recipients of various ages and life stages, such as blastula-stage embryos, newly hatched larvae and sexually mature specimens. As germ cells can develop into live organisms through maturation and fertilization processes, germ cell transplantation in fish has opened up new avenues of research in reproductive biotechnology and aquaculture. For instance, the use of xenotransplantation in fish has lead to advances in the conservation of endangered species and the production of commercially valuable fish using surrogated recipients. Further, this could also facilitate the engineering of transgenic fish. However, as is the case with mammals, knowledge regarding the basic biology and physiology of germline stem cells in fish remains incomplete, imposing a considerable limitation on the application of germ cell transplantation in fish. Furthering our understanding of germline stem cells would contribute significantly to advances regarding germ cell transplantation in fish. 相似文献
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近十多年来,随着分子生物学(包括基因工程、蛋白质工程)的飞速发展及人们对生物免疫系统认识的不断深入,抗体技术已从细胞工程抗体(杂交瘤技术)进入了分子重组抗体即基因工程抗体时代. 相似文献
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In Mexico, aquaculture is a growing sector, but it continues to be developed using non‐native species. The natural ecosystems of the lowland humid tropics of southeastern Mexico have been well‐described by ecologists and are host to a very high diversity of species, including a substantial ichthyofauna. Cichlid fish, commonly known in southeast Mexico as ‘mojarras’, are an important fish resource and are widely consumed. Several species are now under considerable pressure and consequently the generation of biotechnology for the culture of native fish species is necessary and worthwhile. This paper examines and describes the experiences and knowledge generated over recent years regarding the aquaculture of native cichlids in the southeast of Mexico. Although the scientific and technological capacity for research and development for native species culture exists, there is an evident lack of information on new technologies among producers, as scientific research is not translating fully into technical assistance. Research and extension should be emphasized in order to develop a comprehensive knowledge base on native species and to enable their cultivation. 相似文献