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13种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫及大草蛉的毒力研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本实验采用玻瓶药膜法，测定了6种杀虫单剂及7种杀虫混剂对龟纹瓢虫及大草蛉成虫的室内毒力。结果表明：6种单剂对龟纹瓢虫及大草蛉的毒力顺序完全一致，即高效氯氟氰菊酯＞灭多威＞辛硫磷＞甲基对硫磷＞甲胺磷＞硫丹；7种混剂对龟纹瓢虫及大草蛉的毒力顺序有所差别，但其中均以甲胺磷＋硫丹表现最为完全，而以灭多威＋甲基对硫磷表现毒力最高；联合毒力以甲基对硫磷＋辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯＋辛硫磷对2种天敌一致表现为拮抗，甲胺磷＋硫丹、灭多威＋甲基对硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯＋硫丹一致表现为增毒。 相似文献
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十三种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒力研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文分别采用微量点滴法和玻璃药膜法测定了6种杀虫单剂及7种杀虫混剂对七星瓢虫4龄幼虫及其成虫的室内毒力。结果表明：6种单剂对七星瓢虫成、幼虫的毒力顺序完全一致，即高效氯氟氰菊酯＞辛硫磷＞灭多威＞甲基对硫磷＞甲胺磷＞硫丹；7种混剂对以上2种虫态的毒力顺序有所差别，但其中均以甲胺磷 硫丹表现最为安全；联合毒力以甲基对硫磷 辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯 辛硫磷一致表现为拮抗，灭多威 硫丹、甲胺磷 硫丹一致表现为增毒，高效氯氟氰菊酯 灭多威一致表现为相加作用，而灭多威 甲基对硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯 硫丹对2种虫态的联合毒力表现不一。 相似文献
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不同用药水平地区中华草蛉对杀虫剂的敏感性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用６种分属４类的杀虫剂对不同用药水平地区中华草蛉幼虫的毒力进行了测定。试验结果表明，同种药剂对不同地区的中华草蛉幼虫敏感性差异不显著，一般在１～３倍之间；而不同药剂对同一地区的幼虫敏感性差异显著，按敏感性由高到低依次为：三氟氯氰菊酯＞灭多威＞甲胺磷∽氧乐果＞氰戊菊酯＞硫丹。各地中华草蛉雌成虫对氧乐果的敏感性均显著高于硫丹。分别测定了用药水平较高的夏津县和不用药的泰山上中华草蛉成虫、幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的比活力，结果差异不显著，与上述生测结果基本一致 相似文献
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一般认为,我国当前防治棉花棉铃虫的药效较好的杀虫剂有菊酯类的氯氟氰菊酯(即功夫菊酯)、溴氰菊酯:氨基甲酸酯类的硫对威(即拉维因,thiodicarb)、灭多威、甲萘威;有机磷类的丙溴磷(profenofos)、甲基对硫磷、辛硫磷、对硫磷;有机氯类的硫丹等。主要用以上单剂有效成分混配的药剂有灭铃灵(氯氟氰菊酯、甲基对硫磷、水胺硫磷三元混混剂)、灭铃威(氯氟氰菊酯、甲基对硫磷、灭多威三元混剂)、新光一号(溴氰菊酯、辛硫磷、对硫磷三元混剂)、广杀灵(高效氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、对硫磷三元混剂)、多虫清(高效氯氰菊酯、丙溴磷二元 相似文献
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测定了11种杀虫剂对江苏省南京市马群和山东泰安市郊区斜纹夜蛾田间种群的毒力。用点滴法测定结果表明:6种杀虫剂对南京斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力(LD50)大小顺序为:高效氯氰菊酯>氯氟氰菊酯>辛硫磷>马拉硫磷>毒死蜱>灭多威;对泰安斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力大小顺序为:高效氯氰菊酯>氯氟氰菊酯>马拉硫磷>辛硫磷>毒死蜱>灭多威。高效氯氰菊酯对两种群的毒力最大,灭多威的毒力最小。山东泰安种群较南京种群对杀虫剂略敏感。用浸叶法测定结果表明:9种杀虫剂对南京斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力(LC50)大小顺序为:除尽>菜喜>高效氯氰菊酯>米螨>抑太保>氯氟氰菊酯>辛硫磷>毒死蜱>抑食肼。对山东泰安斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力大小顺序为:除尽>菜喜>抑太保>高效氯氰菊酯>毒死蜱>辛硫磷>米螨>氯氟氰菊酯>抑食肼。除尽和菜喜对两种群的毒力最高,抑食肼的毒力最低。山东泰安斜纹夜蛾种群除对氯氟氰菊酯和米螨的敏感性略低于南京种群外,对其他药剂均比南京种群敏感。 相似文献
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11种杀虫剂在引起中华草蛉(Chrysopa sinia (Jieder))幼虫死亡率30%左右的选择压下,对其结茧和羽化都有不同程度的影响.硫丹在明显高于田间常用浓度的143倍时,引起草蛉幼虫死亡率23.3%,对该虫结茧率和羽化率影响不大,分别为86.0%和83.0%;氰戊菊酯、甲丙硫磷、氧乐果、甲基对硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷对幼虫结茧和羽化的影响相对较低,草蛉校正结茧率和羽化率为77.5%～93.7%和61.0%～74.8%;甲基毒死稗、氯氟氰菊酯、灭多威对草蛉幼虫生命力的影响很大,尤其使成虫羽化率明显降低,且以灭多威的影响最甚,50mg/kg处理后幼虫结茧率仅34.9%,成虫羽化率为12.4%;抑太保虽然对草蛉幼虫的杀伤力小,对草蛉幼虫的结茧影响不大,但对成虫羽化影响很大,处理浓度为500 mg/kg时,幼虫结茧率为84.8%,成虫羽化率仅13.5%. 相似文献
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十一种杀虫剂的亚致死剂量对中华草蛉幼虫结茧的羽化和影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
11种杀虫剂在引起中华草蛉（Chrysopa sinia (Jieder)幼虫死亡率30％左右的选择压下，对其结茧和羽化都有不同程度的影响。硫丹在明显高于田间常用浓度的143倍时，引起草蛉幼虫死亡率23.3％，对该虫结茧率和羽化率影响不大，分别为86.0％和83.0％；氰戊菊酯、甲丙硫磷、氧乐果、甲基对硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷对幼虫结茧和羽化的影响相对较低，草蛉校正结茧率和羽化率为77.5％-93.7％和61.0％-74.8％；甲基毒死稗、氯氟氰菊酯、灭多威对草蛉幼虫生命力的影响很大，尤其使成虫羽化率明显降低，且以灭多威的影响最甚，50mg/kg处理后幼虫结茧率仅34.9％，成虫羽化率为12.4％；抑太保虽然对草蛉幼虫的杀伤力小，对草蛉幼虫的结茧影响不大，但对成虫羽化影响很大，处理浓度为500mg/kg时，幼虫结茧率为84.8％，成虫羽化率仅13.5％。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Soybean aphid, a serious economic pest of soybean in North America, is currently managed by applying non‐selective foliar insecticides during outbreaks according to decision thresholds and crop maturity. Natural enemies, such as the parasitoid Aphelinus certus Yasnosh, potentially play an important role in suppressing soybean aphid. Using selective insecticides that preserve A. certus may enhance the biological control service they provide and thus prevent or reduce the severity of soybean aphid outbreaks. The toxicity of five insecticides (λ‐cyhalothrin, dimethoate, flonicamid, mineral oil, spirotetramat) and the biopesticide Beauveria bassiana to A. certus was assessed. RESULTS: The LD50 values of λ‐cyhalothrin and dimethoate were similar; however, the hazard quotient of dimethoate was greater than that of λ‐cyhalothrin. In a screening bioassay, the descending order of toxicity for the recommended rates 48 h after application was dimethoate > λ‐cyhalothrin > flonicamid > mineral oil > Beauveria bassiana > spirotetramat. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, λ‐cyhalothrin and dimethoate were both harmful to A. certus. The other insecticides tested were harmless to A. certus and are potential candidates for inclusion in soybean aphid management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯及其复配剂的抗性趋势与交互抗性 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
在70％的高选择压下,分别用溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和凯明2号(50％辛硫磷·甲基对硫磷·三氟氯氰乳油,即含三氟氯氰菊酯的复配药剂)对室内饲养了12代未经农药处理的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(H(?)bner)敏感品系进行了抗性筛选。结果,经连续筛选至第12代的LD_(50)值与筛选前第1代的LD_(50)值比较,抗溴氰菊酯种群对溴氰菊酯的抗性为136.7倍,属高抗水平;抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群对三氟氯氰菊酯的抗性为9.5倍,抗凯明2号种群对凯明2号的抗性为3.4倍,均属低抗水平。用8种常用杀虫剂分别对这3个种群在停止上述杀虫剂筛选2代后进行了交互抗性分析。结果表明,3个种群平均对8种杀虫剂的抗性倍数中,对溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、灭多威的抗性极显著高于其余5种杀虫剂;3个种群的平均抗性倍数之间差异极显著,顺序依次为抗溴氰菊酯种群>抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群>抗凯明2号种群;以平均抗性倍数表示的抗性种群与杀虫剂的交互作用有以下几个结果:①高抗溴氰菊酯的种群对氰戊菊酯和灭多威有极显著的交互抗性,但对三氟氯氰菊酯和凯明2号仍反应敏感。②抗三氟氯氰菊酯和抗凯明2号的2个种群对溴氰菊酯有极显著的交互抗性;抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群对灭多威和氰戊菊酯有一定抗性,抗凯明2号种群对硫丹有一定抗性。 相似文献
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为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC50由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC50从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC50由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。 相似文献
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氟啶虫胺腈等11种杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力及协同增效作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探寻防治瓜蚜的高效协同增效药剂组合,采用叶片带虫浸渍法测定了氟啶虫胺腈等11种杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力。结果表明:处理后24 h,氟啶虫胺腈对瓜蚜的毒力最高,吡蚜酮最低,LC50值分别为10.15和369.63 mg/L;48 h时依然是氟啶虫胺腈毒力最高,而高效氯氟氰菊酯最低,LC50值分别为2.35和117.57 mg/L。在此基础上进行协同增效药剂筛选,结果表明:按质量比计,氟啶虫酰胺与吡蚜酮1 : 1、氟吡呋喃酮与吡蚜酮1 : 5、氟啶虫胺腈与吡蚜酮1 : 3、氟吡呋喃酮与高效氯氟氰菊酯1 : 5、氟啶虫胺腈与高效氯氟氰菊酯1 : 5几种组合的增效作用显著,共毒系数分别达1 271、820、561、1 277和478。研究结果可为田间瓜蚜的高效化学防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Cross-resistance of a fenvalerate-resistant (R-fenvalerate) strain and an imidacloprid-resistant (R-imidacloprid) strain of
the cotton aphidAphis gossypii Glover to methomyl, endosulfan and omethoate was determined on cotton and cucumber in the laboratory. The R-fenvalerate strain
had been selected for 16 consecutive generations on cotton, and the R-imidacloprid strain for 12. Compared with the susceptible
(S) strains, the resistance in the 17th generation of the R-fenvalerate strain to fenvalerate was 29,035-fold on cotton and
700-fold on cucumber, whereas the resistance in the 13th generation of the R-imidacioprid strain to imidacloprid was 4.7-fold
on cotton and 3.6-fold on cucumber. The R-fenvalerate strain did not show any cross-resistance to imidacloprid, methomyl or
omethoate on cotton and cucumber, but became slightly cross-resistant to endosulfan (RR [resistance ratio] = 5.8 and 7.4 on
cotton and cucumber, respectively). On cotton the R-imidacloprid strain became highly cross-resistant to fenvalerate (RR =
108.9) and slightly cross-resistant to methomyl, endosulfan and omethoate (RR = 6.3, 3.0 and 8.5, respectively). In contrast,
on cucumber the R-imidacloprid strain became highly cross-resistant to fenvalerate (RR = 33.5) and slightly cross-resistant
to methomyl and omethoate (RR = 7.0 and 3.3, respectively), but did not show any cross-resistance to endosulfan. It appears
thatA. gossypii of both resistant strains was more resistant to the tested insecticides on cotton than on cucumber, except for imidacloprid
—where the resistance on cotton was not significantly different from that on cucumber. 相似文献
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七种杀虫剂对暗黑鳃金龟成虫和幼虫的毒力及田间防控效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选防治暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela的有效药剂,用浸虫法测定了7种药剂对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力,分别采用浸虫法、浸叶法、药膜法测定了7种药剂对其成虫的毒力,并通过大田试验作了进一步验证。浸虫法测得高效氯氟氰菊酯对成虫的毒力最高,LC50值为1.38 mg/L;浸叶法测得辛硫磷毒力最高,为42.05 mg/L;药膜法测得毒死蜱毒力最高,为18.51 mg/L。其中,高效氯氟氰菊酯毒力值变化最大,浸虫法毒力是浸叶法毒力的61.86倍;氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫腈在3种生测方法中毒力相当,但均较低。丁硫克百威对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力最高,LC50值为7.29 mg/L。田间试验结果显示,35%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂4 500 g/hm2(有效成分,余同)防效达80.66%,对花生的保果、增产幅度分别为77.90%、17.56%;30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂2 250 g/hm2、20%丁硫克百威乳油3 000 g/hm2与辛硫磷防效相当,且显著高于其它药剂。因此,选用以上药剂于7月中下旬花生封垄前田间灌墩可以有效减轻暗黑鳃金龟为害。 相似文献
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The residual toxicity of two selective insecticides, teflubenzuron (acylurea) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner ssp. aizawai (microbial), to laboratory and field strains of Plutella xylostella L. was shown in the laboratory to be significantly affected by leaf nutritional status, other host-plant resistance factors, cultivation method and plant age. With plants offering some degree of host-plant resistance, the toxicity of the insecticides was either increased or decreased compared with highly susceptible plants, depending on the specific nature of the plant-herbivore interaction. Differences in residual toxicity of the insecticides varied up to nine-fold on different host plants (=host-plant- + insecticide-induced mortality) despite less than four-fold differences in P. xylostella mortality in controls (=host-plant-induced mortality alone). Host-plant nutritional status also had a substantial effect on the damage potential of larvae. Different response times by P. xylostella to the two insecticides tested on host plants of varying nutritional status were related to the contrasting modes of action of the respective active ingredients. The present studies suggest that insecticides applied to Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata with partial plant resistance may contribute to improved control of P. xylostella. A conceptual model is used to describe likely mortality responses by macrophagous larvae to insecticides applied to plants of varying resistance status. The implications of the findings in relation to the integrated management of P. xylostella are considered. 相似文献
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为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。 相似文献
20.
BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid has been a major neonicotinoid insecticide for controlling Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and other piercing–sucking pests. However, the resistance to imidacloprid has been recorded in many target insects. At the same time, cross‐resistance of imidacloprid and other insecticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been detected. RESULTS: Results showed that the level of cross‐resistance was different between imidacloprid and tested neonicotinoid insecticides (no cross‐resistance: dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and clothianidin; a 3.68–5.79‐fold cross‐resistance: acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiacloprid). In the study of sublethal effects, imidacloprid at LC20 doses could suppress weight gain and honeydew excretion, but showed no significant effects on longevity and fecundity of the imidacloprid‐resistant cotton aphid, A. gossypii. However, other neonicotinoid insecticides showed significant adverse effects on biological characteristics (body weight, honeydew excretion, longevity and fecundity) in the order of dinotefuran > thiamethoxam and clothianidin > nitenpyram > thiacloprid and acetamiprid. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dinotefuran is the most effective insecticide for use against imidacloprid‐resistant A. gossypii. To avoid further resistance development, the use of nitenpyram, acetamiprid and thiacloprid should be avoided on imidacloprid‐resistant populations of A. gossypii. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献