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1.
正黑豆,又名黑大豆、乌豆、橹豆、马料豆、料豆、枝仔豆、冬豆子、零乌豆等,为豆科植物大豆的黑色种子。起源于我国,具有悠久的栽培历史。黑豆中蛋白质含量高达36%—40%,相当于肉类的2倍、鸡蛋的3倍、牛奶的12倍;黑豆含有18种氨基酸,特别是人体必需的8种氨基酸;黑豆还含有19种油酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量达80%,吸收率高达95%以上,除能满足人体对脂肪的需要外,还有 相似文献
2.
树叶蛋白质资源及其开发利用刍议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文收集了53种常见树叶的蛋白质含量,并分析了刺槐等6种树叶蛋白质氨基酸组成。结果表明,树叶特别是阔叶蛋白含量高,质量优良,作为新蛋白源开发潜力巨大,对缓解饲料和食品工业蛋白短缺具有实际意义。文中还从经济效益、深度开发和资源建设等方面探讨了推进叶蛋白质资源开发产业化的问题,供生产参考。 相似文献
3.
我国栎属十一种树木叶的化学分析及其利用的可能性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刘萍 《北京林业学院学报》1984,(4):36-43
作者测定了短柄Bao栎，锐齿槲栎，扁果麻栎，北方麻栎，蒙古栎，白栎，栓皮栎，北京槲栎，麻栎，槲栎，辽东栎等11种树叶中的蛋白质，氨基酸，矿质元素和微量元素的含量，并在种间进行了比较，阐述了这些成分的含量与生长季节，生长地区，树种本身的关系，为探讨种间的化学分类提供部分数据，分析表明这些栎叶的蛋白质含量在9．8－17．9％之间，均含有18种氨基酸，但各种之间的含量差别很大，其中含量较高的氨基酸有天门冬氨酸，谷氨酸，丙氨酸，亮氨酸，苯丙氨酸，赖氨酸，精氨酸，含量较低的氨基酸有胱氨酸，氨蛋酸，组氨酸，色氨酸，在各种间氨基酸的组成和含量有共同的变化趋势，但个别氨基酸在种间有较大差别。各种栎叶的矿质元素含量民有各自的范围，镁，磷在树种间含量较为近似，钙，甸、铁差异较大，钠和锰比其它科属的树叶含量均高，铜，锌含量最低仅有几个ppm，槲树，槲栎，辽东栎等树叶均可食，而且是个好饲料。 相似文献
4.
广东8种主要乔木树种碳含量测定分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用湿烧法对广东地区8种主要乔木树种(马尾松、速生相思、杉木、桉树、湿地松、硬阔类、软阔类、黎蒴)的碳含量进行了测定,并对不同树种、不同器官、不同径阶、不同树干高度的碳含量进行分析。结果表明:1)不同树种碳含量高低依次为湿地松杉木马尾松速生相思硬阔类桉树软阔类黎蒴;针叶树的碳含量大于阔叶树;2)不同器官碳含量大小关系为树叶树枝树皮树干树根,器官碳含量遵循由上到下,呈现由外到里逐渐减少的趋势;3)不同树种不同树干高度位置碳含量十分接近,变异系数均在3.64%以内;4)研究区域树木碳含量受径阶影响很小,碳含量变化幅度小,同一树种不同径阶下不同器官的碳含量变化情况呈现多样性,同一树种内不同径阶和不同高度位置碳含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。径阶与树干高度位置碳含量没有相关性,但总体上相同高度位置下样品碳含量随着径阶的增加先上升后下降。以上结果说明,不同树种之间,相同树种内部不同器官之间,以及不同特性相同树种之间碳含量存在差异性。对各地区、各树种、各森林生态系统的碳含量进行全方位精确测定,可为提高估算其碳储量的准确度提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
木麻黄木屑栽培平菇的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以速生阔叶树种木麻黄作为原料 ,以其它相混杂的阔叶树种 (称之为杂木 )为对照 ,进行栽培平菇的研究。结果表明 :以木屑和棉籽壳各半为原料的配方适合于平菇的栽培。以木麻黄为主要原料栽培平菇的平均产量是每袋 1 3 65kg,比以杂木为主要原料栽培平菇的平均产量每袋 1 0 3 2kg高出 0 3 3 3kg,感染率也高出8 72 % ,而生物效率相差不多 ,分别是 1 0 6 0 61 %和 1 0 3 82 3 % ;用木麻黄木屑栽培出的平菇与用杂木木屑栽培出的平菇在蛋白质、糖类、脂肪、纤维素、氨基酸含量及氨基酸种类方面极为相近 ,这充分说明了木麻黄和其它阔叶树一样 ,可作为平菇等食用菌栽培的原料。以木麻黄为原料在沿海地区栽培平菇等食用菌取得成功 ,是利用沿海防护林速生树种木麻黄作为食用菌林上的一个创新。 相似文献
6.
采收期对3种笋用竹竹笋营养及氨基酸含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明不同采笋期对竹笋品质及营养成分的影响,对红哺鸡竹(Phylostachys iridescens)、白哺鸡竹(Ph.dulcis)和黄秆乌哺鸡竹(Ph.vivax'aureocaulis')3种笋用竹不同采笋期竹笋蛋白质、粗纤维、还原糖、灰分含量和氨基酸质量分数进行了测定.结果表明,3种笋用竹竹笋蛋白质干基含量均在310 g/kg以上,红哺鸡竹还原糖干基含量为107.0—188.1 g/kg,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹还原糖含量分别为66.1—117.2,72.1—121.0 g/kg.3种笋用竹竹笋中粗纤维含量为43.0—84.2 g/kg,脂肪为26.0—36.0 g/kg.采收期异同不仅影响竹笋的粗纤维和灰分含量,也会影响到竹笋中蛋白质、脂肪、还原糖,但不同竹种的含量变化有所不同.红哺鸡竹竹笋中脂肪、蛋白质含量随采集时间的推后含量递减,但还原糖含量递增,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋中脂肪、蛋白质含量随采集时间的变化不明显.3种笋用竹竹笋氨基酸总量(T)变化在13.06—35.4 g/kg,E/T值均在33.0以上.红哺鸡竹竹笋的T值随采收期的延后含量增加,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋的T值则呈现出随采收期的延后含量递减,儿童必需氨基酸总量(CE)呈现类似的变化.竹笋营养成分和氨基酸的时令变化对于指导竹笋采集和竹林经营具有一定指导意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
[目的]明确角倍蚜、角倍与寄主盐肤木协同生长过程中游离氨基酸变化的营养关系。[方法]用全自动氨基酸分析仪Biochrom30+检测角倍发育初、中、后期的角倍蚜、角倍、有倍叶、无倍叶及无角倍盐肤木叶片(CK)的游离氨基酸含量,分析不同时期各试样游离氨基酸总量(FAA)、昆虫必需氨基酸总量(EAA)、昆虫必需氨基酸总量与检出物质总量比值(EAA/TAA)及几种游离氨基酸含量的变化。[结果]表明:不同时期各试样均检出32种游离氨基酸(包括17种蛋白氨基酸和15种非蛋白氨基酸),2种其他组分(不含氨),其中,游离氨基酸含量从大到小依次为角倍蚜(5.569)角倍(2.122)有倍叶(0.560)无倍叶(0.537)CK(-0.114)。从角倍生长初期至后期,角倍蚜体内必需氨基酸总量呈递增变化,而其他材料EAA/TAA变化幅度从大到小依次为CK(1.73%)有倍叶(0.52%)=无倍叶(0.52%)角倍(0.43%)角倍蚜(0.02%),但角倍蚜EAA/TAA稳定为(27.91±0.01)%,角倍蚜对寄主盐肤木叶片EAA/TAA的变化幅度有显著减缓影响。在角倍生长发育期间,角倍蚜体内精氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量均增加2.93倍;而寄主植物组织中脯氨酸含量发生变化,增幅大小为角倍(0.028)有倍叶(0.003)无倍叶(-0.001)CK(-0.018)。[结论]角倍蚜取食盐肤木不会改变寄主盐肤木叶片中游离氨基酸组分,但可使其游离氨基酸含量增加;在角倍生长过程中,盐肤木植株游离氨基酸总量与角倍蚜个体数量和角倍体积的增加趋势基本一致,反映了角倍蚜取食与盐肤木防御之间的平衡。 相似文献
9.
以东北林业大学城市林业示范研究基地黄波罗、蒙古栎和白桦为研究对象,分析不同阔叶树树干不同部位Na、Mg、Ca、Al元素径向含量动态变化特征。结果表明,黄波罗、蒙古栎和白桦树干不同高度Na、Mg、Ca、Al元素大多数径向格局呈现最高值出现在2000—2007年间,其他时间段含量较低且变化较为平缓的变化趋势。3个树种不同高度处Ca元素径向变幅最大,Na最小,Mg和Al居中;其中同一树高处蒙古栎Ca、Mg、Al元素径向变幅明显高于黄波罗和白桦。且随着树高升高,各元素径向变幅及不同树种同一元素平均含量差异呈减小趋势。以上树种树干不同部位各元素平均含量表现为:黄波罗Na、Al,白桦Mg元素是其他树种的1.1～2.1倍;各树种Ca元素差异不大,比值在1.1～1.2之间。 相似文献
10.
本文对所收集的5簇11属15种竹果的氨基酸含量进行了分析测定,其结果为: Ⅰ.从测定的15个种的竹果来看,均含有18种蛋白质水解的氨基酸,其中均以谷氨酸的含量为最高,其余各种氨基酸的含量比例各不相同。Ⅱ.氨基酸总量各种之间差别很大,含量最高的是冷箭竹为18.4448g/100g,最低的是巴山木竹6.33g/100g。Ⅲ.不同类型竹果的氨基酸总含量几乎没有什么太大的差别,而同类型中不同种之间的差别较大。Ⅳ.各种氨基酸在不同的属之间所含的量和比例不同,但在同一属里,含量和比例具有比较明显一致的曲线峰。Ⅴ.各属种之间,各种氨基酸占总氨基酸的含量比例相当接近。Ⅵ.竹果与笋体所含氨基酸在种类上大体相同,而在含量上无论是各分量或总量,竹果都大大超过了笋体。氨基酸含量的多少,对于竹类种子的萌发、生长、抗性等都具有一定的影响。这一内容的研究,为进一步探讨竹类各属种之间的生物学特性提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
11.
采用主分量分析、聚类分析等方法研究7种寄主植物氨基酸含量与紫胶蚧关系,结果显示：(1)不同寄主植物和是否被寄生的枝条之间,氨基酸含量存在差异。(2)当寄主植物枝条与久树1年生枝条氨基酸含量相近时,能产生较厚的胶被;偏离久树1年生枝条氨基酸含量越远,紫胶蚧在该寄主植物上的死亡率、怀卵量越高。(3)紫胶蚧寄生后久树枝条中氨基酸总量减少了35％左右,天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、苷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量也都存在不同程度减少,但久树枝条中蛋氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸含量比未放虫枝条中高。其他寄主植物放虫枝条中也有不同种类的氨基酸含量比未放虫枝条中升高或降低的现象。 相似文献
12.
光皮桦与青冈栎苗期生理生化特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对光皮桦和青冈栎幼苗进行硝酸还原酶活力、氨基态氮含量及全氮含量测定,结果显示光皮桦的三项生理生化指标均明显高于青冈栎。硝酸还原酶活力在光皮桦各营养器官中的分布大小是叶＞根＞茎;在青冈栎各器官的分布是叶最高,茎其次,根最低。氨基态氮含量在两树种的分布情况与硝酸还原酶活力类似。生长盛期的硝酸还原酶活力及氨基态氮含量达到高峰。研究表明光皮桦的氮素同化能力和贮藏能力高于青冈栎,因此营养生长旺盛。 相似文献
13.
四川省不同气候类型核桃氨基酸含量研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以四川省26个县的182份核桃优树的风干种仁为材料,采用相关分析、聚类分析和多重比较研究了四川省不同气候类型核桃种仁的氨基酸含量,及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：核桃仁氨基酸总量在16％-18％左右,共含有18种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸9种。除胱氨酸外,不同气候类型核桃仁中各种氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量差异显著（P〈0．05）,说明气候条件对核桃氨基酸含量影响较大。气候类型Ⅱ的核桃各种氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量均最高。氨基酸总量、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸与7月平均气温、年降水量、大于10℃年积温、年平均气温和年平均相对湿度呈极显著（P〈0．01）或显著（P〈0．05）的正相关关系。说明7月平均气温、年降水量、大于10℃年积温、年平均气温和年平均相对湿度越高,越有利于氨基酸总量、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸的形成。蛋氨酸、甘氨酸和胱氨酸与年降水量、7月平均气温和年平均相对湿度呈极显著（P〈O．01）或显著（P〈0．05）的正相关关系。说明年降水量、7月平均气温和年平均相对湿度越高,越有利于蛋氨酸、甘氨酸和胱氨酸的形成,谷氨酸与年降水量呈显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05）。赖氨酸与大于10℃年积温、7月平均气温呈极显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05）。7月平均气温与各种氨基酸含量均呈极显著或显著的正相关关系,表明核桃仁中氨基酸的积累可能取决于核桃成熟期的温度情况,核桃成熟期温度越高,越有利于氨基酸的积累。 相似文献
14.
Severe dieback and disorted growth was observed in a 30-year old plantation of coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, var. mensiesii] growing in the Brittain River Valley in southwestern coastal British Columbia. Shoot, bud and tip dieback, bushy multileadered crowns, enlarged and darkened pith and red to brown discoloration on leading shoots as well as bronzed, necrotic and chlorotic foliage were found to be common features of this plantation.Boron deficiency has been diagnosed as the cause of dieback and distorted growth. Foliar samples from affected trees averaged only 6 ppm boron, well below critical minimum levels of 8–12 ppm reported in the literature for a number of coniferous trees. The average boron concentration in the foliage of unaffected trees growing on upper slopes in the same valley was 14.5 ppm. The site characteristics of the affected plantations were found to be similar to those described by other workers as likely to result in soils low in total boron. A complete nutritional diagnosis carried out on all foliage samples collected also suggested sulphur and magnesium deficiences. 相似文献
15.
水分胁迫对新红星苹果幼树光合作用影响的研究表明:水分胁迫条件下,新红星苹果幼树净光合速率随叶片水势的降低存在阈值现象,叶片净光合速率下降的临界水势为-2.03MPa.对新红星苹果幼树灌溉的临界土壤含水量轻壤土为9.78％;暗呼吸及光呼吸速率与叶水势降低的关系,呈现先升高而后下降的曲线类型;严重的水分胁迫可以引起叶绿素含量下降。 相似文献
16.
Although herbaceous species generally show little within plant variation in delta(13)C, trees show large spatial and temporal differences. We found that the aspect of exposure and branch length accounted for up to 6 per thousand delta(13)C difference within the foliage of individual trees of Pinus radiata D. Don. The foliage on branches 0.5 m in length was as much as 4 per thousand more depleted in (13)C than foliage on 10-m long branches, and an additional 2 per thousand more depleted on the shaded side than on the exposed side. We confirmed that on clear days, relative branch hydraulic conductivity, defined as the ratio of transpiration to the water potential gradient, was much higher in short branches than in long branches. Stomatal conductance remained high in foliage on short branches during the day, whereas it declined progressively in long-branch foliage under similar conditions. These differences were sufficient to explain the observed variation in delta(13)C in foliage on long and short branches. 相似文献
17.
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is an important defoliating insect of native cedar stands in Northern Africa. In 2002 and 2003, we studied the size of needles
of Atlas cedar trees that had been defoliated or not in the previous year, and compared the oviposition preference and larval
performance of processionary moth on these two types of trees in cedar stands of central Algeria. Needle length and their
number per needle cluster were twice as high on non-defoliated trees than on defoliated trees. There were about ten times
fewer egg batches on defoliated than on non-defoliated trees in both study years. Young larvae raised in the laboratory on
the foliage of previously defoliated trees were smaller compared to those fed on the foliage from healthy trees. Larval colonies
transferred to trees in the field showed two times higher mortality on defoliated trees. It was concluded that the decline
in population density in defoliated stands often observed after outbreaks results both from the fact that the female moths
avoid laying their eggs on defoliated trees and the lower performance of larvae which later feed on the new-grown needles. 相似文献
18.
《林业研究》2021,32(5)
The effects of different climatic conditions on growth and chemical composition of Betula pendula in geographically different European regions,Lithuania and Romania,were compared.Birch species in the entire area have a wide natural distribution,but B.pendula is commercially more important in Lithuania than in Romania.Here we evaluated tree ring width,wood density and foliar chemical composition of mature birch trees in two European regions.Trees at the Lithuanian sites had greater radial growth and wood density with no clear changes in foliar chemistry than those at the Romanian sites.Mean wood density was 600-700 kg m~(-3) at Lithuanian and 350-450 kg m~(-3) at Romanian sites.Mean width of wood ring,earlywood and latewood for Lithuanian birch trees were several times higher than the means for Romanian birch trees.We hypothesized that the main differences in birch radial growth and wood density were due to the different climatic conditions in the studied regions.Ca,K and Mg concentrations were significantly higher and Fe and Mn were lower in the birch foliage at the Lithuanian sites compared those at the Romanian sites.Overall assessment of growth showed that silver birch cultivation is more appropriate for colder climate regions and that birch growth may change in the context of a warming climate. 相似文献
19.
[Objective]To study the leaf calorific value of different forest types.[Method]This study focused on four common forest types widely distributed across China, including boreal coniferous forest, warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The leaf calorific values of 175 dominant (or common) tree species were measured. The leaf calorific value characteristics of the trees found in the different forest types were analyzed, and the primary factors affecting leaf calorific value were investigated, including leaf morphological traits, nutrient elements, climate, and soil traits. [Result]The results showed that in these forest types, the leaf calorific values ranged from 14.84 to 21.98 KJ·g-1, with an overall mean of 19.06 KJ·g-1. The presence of organisms appeared to affect the leaf calorific value, which differed among forest types as follows: coniferous trees > broadleaf trees or evergreen trees > deciduous trees. [Conclusion]The latitudinal pattern of tree leaf calorific value, ordered from north to south, is as follows: warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest > subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical mountain rainforest. The mean leaf calorific value of boreal coniferous forest was slightly lower than those of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The leaf calorific values were significantly correlated with leaf carbon content (R2= 0.89, P<0.001). A multiple regression equation was established to describe the relationships among leaf calorific value, leaf carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf thickness. 相似文献