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1.
Breeding for specific or wide adaptation would be more cost-efficient if preliminary indications on genotype adaptive responses could be provided by easily-detectable morphophysiological or molecular characteristics. We investigated the consistency among adaptation parameters, morphophysiological traits and SSR markers in estimating and structuring the genetic diversity among 24 durum wheat genotypes. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction adaptation parameters were estimated across 14 Algerian locations belonging to a low- or a high-elevation subregion. Eight morphophysiological traits were assessed in two locations per subregion. Genotype Euclidean distances based on adaptation parameters were closely related to those based on morphophysiological traits ( r = 0.75, P = 0.01). Marker-based distances exhibited low correlation with those based on adaptation parameters ( r = 0.26, P = 0.01) or morphophysiological traits ( r = 0.32). The consistency between adaptation parameters and morphophysiological traits for genotype ordination and classification was greater than that between either information layer and SSR markers. Optima of phenology and plant height differed between subregions, whereas many kernels per spike and fertile tillers were associated with adaptation to both subregions. 相似文献
2.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is normally grown as a spring-sown rainfed crop in the Mediterranean region in areas receiving more than 400 mm of rainfall annually. Because of large fluctuations in the total amount and distribution of the rainfall, the crop occasionally suffers from extreme terminal drought. Breeders face a dilemma in selecting materials for both normal moisture regimes and drought conditions because it is often difficult to conduct two parallel breeding programmes. This study examines the transferability of the selection indices (developed as a multiple regression of yield on most influential traits) from one environment to another with the objective of selecting an appropriate environment for the development of cultivars adapted to both environments. Experiments were conducted for 3 years (1989-1991) during the spring at two locations with normal moisture regime (hereafter referred to as drought-free) in Syria and Lebanon and one drought-prone location in Syria. Each year, 192-240 newly bred lines were evaluated in replicated trials for seed yield, days to flowering and maturity, plant height and 100-seed weight. Correlation analyses showed that increased seed size, early maturity and reduced plant height at the drought-prone location and early maturity at the drought-free location were of prime importance in increasing seed yield. Regression equations developed to predict seed yield showed that days to flower and maturity accounted from 67-80 % variation in seed yield at the dry location, whereas at the drought-free locations the contribution of days to maturity was smaller except in 1991 in Lebanon. The percent success in the transferability of the selection indices from the drought-free environments to the drought-prone environment was higher than that from the drought-prone environment to the drought-free environment. These results indicate that chickpea breeding material developed under drought-free environments could be useful under drought-prone conditions. Early-maturing lines selected under normal environments would also perform well under drier conditions. 相似文献
3.
White lupin (Lupinus albus) and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) have special interest as high-protein feed crops but their cultivation is limited by low grain yields. This study aimed to
support breeding programs targeting Italy or other climatically variable south-European regions by investigating within-species
adaptation patterns across contrasting Italian environments. An additional aim was comparing species for yielding ability.
Eight narrow-leafed and six white lupin cultivars featuring different origin, phenological type (Mediterranean in both species;
winter in white lupin; spring in narrow-leafed lupin) and plant architecture (determinate or indeterminate in both species;
tall or dwarf in white lupin) were evaluated in a Mediterranean and a subcontinental-climate site under autumn and late-winter
sowing. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction was preferable to joint regression for modeling yield responses.
In both species, cross-over GE interaction was observed (P < 0.05), autumn-sown Mediterranean and subcontinental environments were the most-contrasting for GE effects, and widely adapted
material included cultivars of Mediterranean phenological type with indeterminate growth. Material with determinate growth
was not among the best-yielding entries in any environment, whereas a dwarf winter-type white lupin entry was specifically
adapted to autumn-sown subcontinental environments. White lupin displayed larger genetic variation than narrow-leafed lupin
for phenology and other traits. Relationships of morphophysiological traits with grain yield were environment-specific and
were locally high for some white lupin traits (early flowering, long reproductive phase, high aerial biomass, low proportion
of pod wall). White lupin exhibited higher yielding ability than narrow-leafed lupin in all environments but the late-winter
sown Mediterranean one, when comparing locally top-yielding cultivars. 相似文献
4.
Accomplishments in breeding for adaptation to drought and heat are reviewed based upon work with the indeterminate grain legume species cowpea. Plant traits and some crop management methods are examined that influence adaptation to rainfed production in the drought-prone, semiarid tropical Sahelian zone of Africa. Drought escape, drought resistance, delayed-leaf-senescence, and varietal intercrops are examined. In addition, adaptation to the heat that can detrimentally impact irrigated production in the hot, subtropical arid zone of California is evaluated. Heat tolerance during reproductive development, electrolyte leakage, membrane thermostability, some aspects of crop management including date of sowing, and chilling tolerance during emergence including the beneficial effects of a dehydrin protein are considered. Methods for breeding cowpeas with adaptation to drought and heat are described that have been effective. 相似文献
5.
After the evaluation of numerous accessions of primitive wheats for yield components and morphophysiological traits related
to drought tolerance (e.g., maintenance of high relative water content, RWC; photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence,
qQ; and chlorophyll loss, chl, under moisture stress conditions), several accessions belonging to three species (Triticum
dicoccum, T. polonicum, and T. carthlicum) were crossed with the improved durum wheat varieties Cham 1 and Om Rabi 5. A direct
selection (F2 progeny) for yield and an indirect physiological trait were applied on interspecific T. durum x T. dicoccum, T. durum x T.
polonicum, and T. durum x T. carthlicum populations. Divergent selection was applied to validate the possible use of morphophysiological
traits (root parameters, RWC, photochemical quenching, proline content, and carbon isotope discrimination) in selection, and
to evaluate the resulting effects on yield. Heritability and selection response of these traits has been evaluated, and the
impact of divergent selection for morphological and agronomic characters was studied under field conditions. The divergent
populations were evaluated under different environmental conditions in France, Syria, and Yemen. Selection for morphophysiological
traits related to moisture stress, such as root parameters, RWC and carbon isotope discrimination was possible due to high
h2 values and effective, resulting in high genetic gains. However, the effect of selection for these traits on yield stability
needs to be further studied. Furthermore, a modified bulk method (F2 'progeny method') was developed. Direct selection for grain yield per plant in F2 was carried out and yield per line in F3 was evaluated under contrasting environmental conditions in France, Syria, and Tunisia. Results revealed that some F3 lines were higher yielding than the improved durum wheat varieties Cham 1 and Om Rabi 5 under both stressed (Aleppo) and
favourable (Montpellier) environmental conditions. Lines were evaluated in preliminary yield trials at Montpellier (France),
Aleppo (Syria), and Constantine (Algeria). Results indicated that the use of related species combined with the use of the
modified bulk breeding method is promising not only for increasing durum wheat yield in drought prone environments, but also
for improving durum wheat yield stability across contrasting environments. Results of both breeding strategies are presented,
and the potential advantages of using related tetraploid species in durum wheat breeding for drought tolerance are discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is known to be sensitive to genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) effects. While previous studies have reported strong GEI effects on peanut yield, most of those studies involved a relatively small number of unrelated genotypes. We examined the extent of GEI effects in elite Virginia-type peanut using a large population of recombinant inbreed lines (RILs). Two-hundred-sixty-six F7 RILs derived from different cultivars were grown in three environments. Net pod yield (NPY) was evaluated along with 11 other traits. ANOVA revealed that genotype and environment affected all of the examined traits, except for the triplet trait. The substantial influence of the environment was also demonstrated in a genetic-parameter analysis, in which the phenotypic variation coefficients were almost double those for genotypic variation. Still, relatively high heritability and genetic gain values were found for pod weight and NPY. Since NPY is the main target for selection, it was analyzed further. Path analysis showed that NPY is most directly influenced by pod weight and the shelling ratio. A significant GEI effect on NPY was identified using an AMMI model that described 42.7% of the total variation. This GEI component was subjected to a principal components analysis, which confirmed that the variability due to the different environments was greater than the variability that could be attributed to the different genotypes. Yet, several lines had stable yields across environments. These results demonstrate the importance of multi-location phenotyping for QTL analyses and crop improvement in peanut. 相似文献
7.
A recurrent selection program for adaptation to diverse environments was successful in improving mean oat (Avena sativa L.) grain yield within and across testing environments. The objectives of this research were to determine if this selection
program also resulted in changes in other agronomic traits or altered yield stability. Additionally, we investigated how selection
modified the response of genotypes to climatic conditions. We evaluated random samples of 100 families from the original population
and each of three selection cycle populations in replicated yield trials in Idaho, Iowa, and Norway for two years. Yield stability
was assessed via joint regression analysis and superiority analysis. For each cycle, genetic relationships among yields observed
indifferent environments were assessed by estimating phenotypic correlations between pairs of target environments. The effect
of climate variables on genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) responses was determined with partial least squares regression.
Selection resulted in a small increase in mean heading date, a decrease in mean test weight, and no change in total above-ground
biomass or plant height. Genotypic regression coefficients on environmental indices and deviations from regression were larger
in the last cycle population, but superiority analysis demonstrated that selection significantly improved the adaptability
of the population to the target testing environments. Improved adaptation was also demonstrated by increased phenotypic correlations
among the most divergent pairs of environments in the later cycles. Partial least squares regression of GEI effects on climate
variables suggested that later cycle families tended to respond more favorably to cooler than average conditions than the
original population. Selection resulted in improved yield stability as well as improved mean yield.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Akkareddy Srividhya Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy Sakile Sridhar Mudduluru Jayaprada Puram V. Ramanarao Arremsetty S. Hariprasad Hariprasad K. Reddy Ghanta Anuradha Ebrahimali Siddiq 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(1):45-56
Moisture stress is the major constraint to rice production and its stability in rainfed, mainly irrigated, and aerobic environments.
Identification of genomic regions conferring tolerance to stress would improve our understanding of the genetics of stress
response and result in the development of drought tolerant cultivars. In the present study, quantitative trait loci for drought
response related traits and as well as grain yield were identified using a set of 140 recombinant inbred lines derived from
a cross between the popular high-yielding variety, IR64 and the landrace, INRC10192. A total of 36 QTL were identified for
grain yield and its components under control and stress conditions. Strikingly, a QTL cluster flanked by the markers RM38
and RM331 on chromosome 8 was found to be associated with grain yield, plant height, no. of productive tillers, chaffy grains,
and spikelet fertility on secondary rachis and biomass under stress treatment. The genomic regions associated with these QTL
under drought stress will be useful for the development of marker-based breeding for drought tolerant, high-yielding varieties
suited to drought-prone areas. 相似文献
9.
M. van Ginkel D.S. Calhoun G. Gebeyehu A. Miranda C. Tian-you R. Pargas Lara R.M. Trethowan K. Sayre J. Crossa S. Rajaram 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):109-121
Bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for plant characteristics contributing to grain yield and plant adaptation
under various drought patterns. The usefulness of these traits as explicit selection criteria in developing drought tolerant
wheat varieties was investigated in three experiments. Cultivars from four germplasm groups, representing the four relevant
major and distinct global wheat growing environments, were grown under the respective simulated early, late, continuous and
no drought conditions by manipulating irrigation in north western Mexico. Additionally, 560 advanced lines from the CIMMYT
breeding program were grown under late drought conditions, and 16 randomly selected advanced genotypes were studied in more
detail under late and no drought conditions. In these three studies, the association between yield in drought-stressed environments
and yield in non drought-stressed environments was interpreted to reflect genotypic high yield potential, mainly by way of
high biomass development. However, yield potential only partly explained the superior performance under drought. For each
pattern of drought stress, particular and often different plant traits were identified that further contributed specific adaptation
to the distinct drought stress conditions. Knowledge of these traits will be useful for developing CIMMYT germplasm for specific
drought-stressed areas. Ultimately, these studies demonstrate that both yield potential and specific adaptation traits are
useful criteria in breeding for drought environments, and should be combined to achieve optimum performance and adaptation
to drought stress.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Samia Yahiaoui Alfonso Cuesta‐Marcos Maria P. Gracia Blanca Medina José M. Lasa Ana M. Casas Francisco J. Ciudad José L. Montoya Marian Moralejo José L. Molina‐Cano Ernesto Igartua 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):218-226
Barley landraces from the western Mediterranean area have not been thoroughly exploited by modern breeding. This study aims at assessing the agronomic value of a core collection of lines derived from landraces of Spanish origin and to compare them with sets of successful old and modern cultivars. The agronomic performance of a set of 175 barley genotypes, comprising 159 landrace‐derived lines and 26 cultivars, was evaluated in a series of 10 field trials, carried out over 3 years and several locations. The most relevant trait of the landraces was higher grain yield at low production sites than cultivars, which may be related with better ability to fill the grain under stressful conditions. On the other hand, lateness, excessive plant height and lodging were negative traits frequently found in the landraces. Large genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) for grain yield was detected, related partly with differences between germplasm groups, probably indicating local adaptation. GEI was also associated with the interaction of heading time and powdery mildew resistance with temperature. 相似文献
11.
Characterization of genotype by environment interactions in soybean breeding programmes of southeast Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Southeast Europe is Europe's major production area of soybean of maturity groups (MG) 0, I and II, but genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for soybean traits in this region is still not characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize GEI in soybean grown in Croatia for seed yield, protein and oil content. Fourteen soybean cultivars of MG 0 and I were evaluated at 15 environments. In the combined anova , genotypes, environments and GEI were significant. All three seed traits were more affected by year than by location and seed yield and protein content were more sensitive to environmental changes than oil content. Genotype by environment interaction is generally of less importance than effects of genotypes and years, especially for oil content. High‐yielding genotypes had values of regression coefficient (b) close to 1, indicating that they were not responsive to extreme environments, either positive or negative. Means and b values were not correlated for yield and negatively correlated for protein and oil content, probably because of low‐input practice in the region. The absence of recognizable differences in means, b values and principal component scores of ammi analysis between two MGs for all traits indicated that soybean cultivars of MG 0 may be recommended for growing in the region because they responded similarly to environmental changes as do full‐season genotypes of MG I. 相似文献
12.
Stability of foliage yield and its quality components has not been investigated in vegetable chenopods due to their underutilized
status. The objectives of the present study were to assess genotype-environment interactions (GEI), determine stability of
yield and quality components and to compare different parametric and non-parametric stability parameters. The present study
reports for the first time the effect of genotype and environment on foliage yield and three leaf quality traits viz. carotenoid,
ascorbic acid and protein content in different species of Chenopodium. Twenty accessions comprising four species were tested in a randomized block design with three replications across four environments.
For all the four traits the largest sum of squares was accounted for by the genotypes, followed by GEI and environments. Highest
foliage yield of 16.02 q/ha was obtained from C. album PRC 9804, while the lowest was from C. album CHEN 63/80 (4.01 q/ha). Many indigenous accessions of C. album (PRC 9801, IC 107299, ‘Chandigarh’, ‘local’ and ‘NEFA’) were unstable both for foliage yield and most of the quality traits.
Most of the exotic accessions of C. giganteum were both stable and high yielding, thus, reflecting the potential of these accessions for future breeding programs/variety
release. 相似文献
13.
Early-maturity helps chickpea to avoid terminal heat and drought and increases its adaptation especially in the sub-tropics.
Breeding for early-maturing, high-yielding and broad-based cultivars requires diverse sources of early-maturity. Twenty-eight
early-maturing chickpea germplasm lines representing wide geographical diversity were identified using core collection approach
and evaluated with four control cultivars in five environments for 7 qualitative and 16 quantitative traits at ICRISAT Center,
Patancheru, India. Significant genotypic variance was observed for days to flowering and maturity in all the environments
indicating scope for selection. Genotypes × environment interactions were significant for days to flowering and maturity and
eight other agronomic traits. ICC 16641, ICC 16644, ICC 11040, ICC 11180, and ICC 12424 were very early-maturing, similar
to or earlier than control cultivars Harigantars and ICCV 2. The early-maturing accessions produced on average 22.8% more
seed yield than the mean of four control cultivars in the test environments. ICC 14648, ICC 16641 and ICC 16644 had higher
100-seed weight than control cultivars, Annigeri and ICCV 2. Cluster analysis delineated three clusters, which differed significantly
for all the traits. First cluster comprised three controls, ICCV 96029, Harigantars, ICCV 2 and two germplasm lines, ICC 16644
and ICC 16641, second cluster comprised 13 germplasm lines and control cultivar Annigeri, and third cluster comprised 13 germplasm
lines. Maturity was main basis of delineation of the first cluster from others. Plot yield and its associated traits were
the main basis for delineation of the second cluster from the others. Identification of these diverse early-maturing lines
would be useful in breeding broad-based, early-maturing and high-yielding cultivars. 相似文献
14.
Genotype-by-environment interactions (GEIs) can affect breeding progress because they often complicate the evaluation and
selection of superior genotypes. This drawback can be reduced by gaining insights into GEI processes and genotype adaptation.
Here, we have studied the GEIs over a set of 24 barley genotypes that were grown across six environments (location-by-year
combinations) in Sardinia, Italy. Three groups of genotypes were analysed: barley landraces (LANs), recombinant inbred lines
(RILs), and commercial varieties (VARs). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used for
data analysis, and results evidenced no significant differences in grain yield averages for the 24 genotypes. However, there
was a relevant GEI for yield mainly between two of the six environments (one characterised by warm pre-anthesis period and
high spring rainfalls, and the other characterised by opposite features) and two groups of genotypes (VAR and LAN). Moreover,
a negative trade-off between yield levels of genotypes was seen when the barley genotypes were grown in the contrasting environments.
Overall, intermediate GEI levels were seen for RILs in comparison to LANs and VARs, and some of the RILs provided valuable
yield levels (e.g. RILs 23 and 52). The results thus show the potential usefulness of LANs as a genetic resource for breeding,
e.g. to obtain genotypes adapted to Mediterranean environments, such as the RILs analysed in this study.
Most of the actual work was carried out when the first author was a PhD student in ‘Agro-meteorology and ecophysiology of
agricultural and forest systems’ and she was affiliated to Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Genetica Vegetale Agraria,
Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. de Nicola, Sassari 07100, Italy. 相似文献
15.
Barley is one of the most important cereal crops grown for the livelihoods of the poor farmers of Tigray region in northern
Ethiopia. As many low input and marginal environments it has benefited less from the yield increases achieved by modern breeding.
This has been largely attributed due to genotype × environment intraction (GEI). To investigate the causes of GEI, ten barley
varieties including local checks (two farmers developed varieties, four modern varieties and three rare local varieties) were
tested over 21 environments. Participatory methods were applied to sample an adequate number of environments spanning the
regional diversity. The yielding ability and stability of the varieties was graphically depicted by GGE and PLSR biplot. There
were two major groups of environments, the central and northern highlands, the latter with less rainfall and poorer soils.
Rainfall per month and total nitrogen level were the environmental variables that differentiated these two groups. In Tigray,
rainfall in June and July were negatively correlated with yield, reflecting waterlogging problems. The different varieties
were either specifically or widely adapted across the two environments. The variety ‘Himblil’, originating in Tigray, was
the highest yielding and also most stable in the region of origin. However, it was inferior to improved varieties (Shege and
Dimtu) at high yield levels. The association of earliness with grain yield indicates that the trait can be effectively manipulated
within the existing materials. We recommend breeding for drought/water logging resistance based on selection in the target
environment as the best strategy to provide stable and high yielding varieties for Tigray. 相似文献
16.
Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) affects marketable fruit yield and average fruit weight of both hybrid and open-pollinated
(OP) tomato genotypes. Cultivars vary significantly for marketable fruit yield, with hybrid cultivars having, on average,
higher yield than OP cultivars. However, information is scanty on environmental factors affecting the differential response
of tomato genotypes across environments. Hence, the aim of this research was to use factorial regression (FR) and partial
least squares (PLS) regression, which incorporate external environmental and genotypic covariables directly into the model
for interpreting GEI. In this research, data from an FAO multi-environment trial comprising 15 tomato genotypes (7 hybrid
and 8 OP) evaluated in 18 locations of Latin America and the Caribbean were analyzed using FR and PLS. Environmental factors
such as days to harvest, soil pH, mean temperature (MET), potassium available in the soil, and phosphorus fertilizer accounted
for a sizeable portion of GEI for marketable fruit yield, whereas trimming, irrigation, soil organic matter, and nitrogen
and phosphorus fertilizers were important environmental covariables for explaining GEI of average fruit weight. Locations
with relatively high minimum and mean temperatures favored the marketable fruit yield of OP heat-tolerant lines CL 5915-223
and CL 5915-93. An OP cultivar (Catalina) and a hybrid (Apla) showed average marketable fruit yield across environments, while
two hybrids (Sunny and Luxor) exhibited outstanding marketable fruit yield in high yielding locations (due to lower temperatures
and higher pH) but a sharp yield loss in poor environments. Two stable hybrid genotypes in high yielding environments, Narita
and BHN-39, also showed high and stable yield in average and low yielding environments. 相似文献
17.
Drought is the most important limitation to summer mungbean production in the tropics and subtropics dependent on usually insufficient summer rainfall. As increased irrigation is not a viable answer to the problem, an economically and environmentally desirable solution is new varieties with drought tolerance. However, there is little genotypic information on drought tolerance in summer mungbean. The objectives of this study were to assess the genotypic differences in physiological traits and dry matter partitioning in mungbean and to measure the association of these traits with crop performance under drought conditions. Six mungbean genotypes were tested in drought micro plots at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. A split plot design was used; two irrigation treatments (watered and droughted) in the main plots and six mungbean genotypes in the subplots with three replicate micro plots. Drought decreased leaf water status, rates of photosynthesis (Pn ) and altered dry matter partitioning in different plant parts. Our results showed that Pn did not limit yield, but it was partitioning of dry matter governed by leaf water content (RWC) which influenced the final yield. RWC was positively correlated to the number of pods per plant and seed yield, genotypes maintaining high RWC produced higher seed yield. Therefore, the drought tolerance of summer mungbean was related to the maintenance of high RWC, which can be used as a physiological marker to identify and develop superior genotypes suited to drought-prone environments. 相似文献
18.
Thirty-six lentil varieties were evaluated under organic and conventional environment for three consecutive years in order
to see whether the promising genetic material for an organic plant breeding program are different from those of a conventional
system. The genetic material studied originated from various countries. In the conventional trial plots standard cultural
practices (P mineral fertilization & pest control) were applied throughout the growing season, while in the organic ones no
fertilizers or pest agrochemicals were applied. Significant regression, but of low value, between grain yield ranking and
earliness or harvest index ranking was detected. Combined ANOVA indicated significant differences between genotypes, years,
environments and genotype × environmental interactions (GEI). It was observed that under conventional management most of the
genotypes had a higher yield compared to the organic one. The mean grain yield ranking of the genotypes in each of the environments
revealed that some of the genotypes occupied the same ranking position at both the organic and the conventional environment
(non-crossover GEI), while others exhibited a significant alteration in their ranking (crossover GEI) under the two environments.
Crossover GEI and non-cross over GEI revealed two types of lentil varieties. Varieties with specific adaptation and varieties
with broad adaptation. It was concluded that grain yield was in general higher when lentil varieties were grown under a conventional
environment compared to the grain yield produced under an organic environment. Yet, there are lentil genotypes with a higher
yielding ability under the organic management and therefore should be targeted by the breeder. 相似文献
19.
A. O. Anyia J. J Slaski J. M. Nyachiro D. J. Archambault P. Juskiw 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2007,193(5):313-323
This study was conducted to evaluate the application of carbon isotope discrimination (CID) as a selection criterion for improving water use efficiency (WUE) and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under field and drought‐stress conditions in a greenhouse. A total of 54 genotypes were screened for variability in CID under field conditions, while 23 genotypes were evaluated under water‐deficit conditions in the greenhouse. A survey of leaf CID of 54 genotypes at two field locations showed more than 2.14‰ difference between extreme genotypes. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic variation was found in WUE and CID that had a negative strong correlation. There was a negative correlation between leaf CID and aerial biomass in the greenhouse and among six‐row genotypes in the field. Correlations between leaf CID across field locations and across irrigation regimes in the greenhouse were significant (experiment 1, r = 0.79 and 0.94 for six‐ and two‐row genotypes), suggesting stability of the CID trait across different environments. Overall, these results indicate the potential of leaf CID as a reliable method for selecting for high WUE and productivity in barley breeding programmes in the Canadian prairies. Further work is currently underway to determine heritability/genetics of leaf CID and application of molecular marker‐assisted selection for the traits in barley breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
Siegfried Schittenhelm Lorenz Kottmann Martin Kraft Katja Matschiner Tina Langkamp‐Wedde 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(3):283-294
Even in the temperate climates of Europe, increasing early season drought and rising air temperature are presenting new challenges to farmers and wheat breeders. Sixteen winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes consisting of three hybrids, six line cultivars and two breeding lines from Germany as well as five line cultivars from France, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary and the Ukraine (referred to as “exotic” lines) have been included in this study. The genetic materials were evaluated over three growing seasons under a range of soil moisture regimes at the three North German sites Braunschweig (irrigated and drought‐stressed), Warmse (rainfed) and Söllingen (rainfed). The average grain yields in the twelve growth environments (water regime × season combinations) ranged from 6.1 to 13.5 t ha?1. The exotic lines showed little evidence of specific phenological adaptation to drought although they are frequently faced with water scarcity in their countries of origin. The hybrids and German lines exhibited higher regression coefficients (bi) to environmental means than the exotic lines, indicating particular adaptation to favourable growing conditions. The phenotypical correlations of grain yield between the various environments were high, ranging for instance from 0.6 to 0.8 for the irrigated and drought‐stressed environments at Braunschweig. It is thus expected that in the foreseeable future continued selection aiming at high yield potential will suffice as a means to counter the expected increase in droughts. 相似文献