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枯草芽孢杆菌脂肽类抗生素发酵和提取条件 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以枯草芽孢杆菌G1为出发菌株,研究了发酵过程中不同培养条件和培养基对该菌株产生脂肽类抗生素的影响。结果表明:最有利于脂肽类抗生素产生的发酵条件是初始pH7.0,接种量3%,发酵培养温度30℃,发酵时间38h时,而最佳培养基为Landy培养基。在提取脂肽类抗生素粗提物的过程中发现,加酸至pH4.0时脂肽类抗生素能够完全沉淀。在Landy培养基和上述发酵条件下,最多能产生脂肽类抗生素粗提物6.5g/L。利用HPLC技术对产生的脂肽类抗生素进行定量分析,结果表明产生纯的脂肽类抗生素最高达2.4g/L。 相似文献
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除草活性放线菌DN5发酵条件及发酵产物理化性质的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高放线菌DN5发酵液活性物质的产量,通过单因子试验和正交试验,对其摇床发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行研究;同时测定其发酵产物的性质.单因子试验结果表明:发酵培养基的最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为硝酸钾,添加无机盐的种类为硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁和氯化钠时,放线菌DN5发酵液抑制活性较高.正交试验结果表明,发酵培养基各组分的最佳配比(质量分数)为:可溶性淀粉2.0%、硝酸钾0.15%、硫酸镁0.025%、硫酸亚铁0.001%、氯化钠0.075%、磷酸氢二钾0.075%.菌株DN5发酵的优化条件为:初始pH7.0,发酵时间96h,接种量1%,装液量80mL/250mL,温度28℃.菌株DN5发酵产物具有良好的热稳定性和光稳定性,在中性及弱碱性条件下较稳定,在4℃可储藏120d.杀草谱和作物安全性试验结果表明,DN5菌株发酵液对苘麻Abutilon theophrasti、萝藦Metaplexis japonica和铁苋菜Acalypha australis等的种子萌发有抑制作用.供试作物中,高粱Sorghum bicolor、玉米Zea mays和莴苣Lactuca sativa对其敏感;大豆Glycine max和小麦Triticum aestivum等对其不敏感. 相似文献
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致病杆菌D43菌株产素培养基及发酵条件 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对致病杆菌产生抗生素的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究，同时对该菌代谢过程pH值、还原糖、总糖、氨基氮与抗生素产量的关系进行了分析。通过筛选，确定了对该菌产素有利的碳源、氮源和无机盐。用正交试验初步确定了该菌产素的最佳发酵培养基和条件为（g／L）：麦芽糖5g，牛肉胨10g，牛肉膏5g，CaCl25g，KNO30．2g。发酵培养基的起始pH值在6．0～8．0、种龄16h、摇瓶装量25—150ml／500ml的条件下，培养72h可获得较高的抗生素产量。产素量与菌代谢过程中pH、还原糖、总糖和氨基氨的变化有一定关系。通过培养基和培养条件的研究使该菌的产抗生素能力提高了46．67％。 相似文献
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姜瘟病菌拮抗放线茵的筛选与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从山东各地区姜田随机采集土样30份,利用稀释分离法分离到放线菌菌株621株.采用琼脂移块法测定这些菌株对姜瘟病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的拮抗作用,共筛选出具有拮抗作用的放线菌菌株53株.选择抑菌活性最强的菌株Y7进行进一步研究.菌株Y7孢子丝顶端呈小螺旋形或钩状,孢子椭圆形至圆柱形.在5种供试培养基中,菌株Y7只在燕麦培养基上产生黄色色素.该菌株能利用麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、L(+)树胶醛糖、半乳糖和山梨糖,不能利用蔗糖、木糖、肌醇、纤维二糖和山梨醇.形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,Y7为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomycetes lavendulae).正交实验结果表明其最佳发酵条件是小米培养基pH 7.0,28℃,培养14 d. 相似文献
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姜瘟病菌拮抗放线菌的筛选与鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从山东各地区姜田随机采集土样30份,利用稀释分离法分离到放线菌菌株621株。采用琼脂移块法测定这些菌株对姜瘟病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的拈抗作用,共筛选出具有拮抗作用的放线菌菌株53株。选择抑菌活性最强的菌株Y7进行进一步研究。菌株Y7孢子丝顶端呈小螺旋形或钩状,孢子椭圆形至圆柱形。在5种供试培养基中,菌株Y7只在燕麦培养基上产生黄色色素。该菌株能利用麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、L(+)树胶醛糖、半乳糖和山梨糖,不能利用蔗糖、木糖、肌醇、纤维二糖和山梨醇。形态特征、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列分析结果表明,Y7为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomycetes lavendulae)。正交实验结果表明其最佳发酵条件是小米培养基pH7.0,28℃,培养14d。 相似文献
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根结线虫拮抗放线菌菌株DA07118的筛选与鉴定及其发酵条件的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从海南东寨港红树林、尖峰岭等原始森林及黄流地区发病蕉园采集土壤样品,分离得到215株放线菌菌株。以根结线虫为靶标线虫对215株放线菌进行筛选,获得18株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株。菌株DA07118抗线虫活性最强,校正死亡率达100%;经5次继代培养,仍具有稳定产生杀线虫活性物质的能力。通过形态学、生理生化反应和16S rDAN分类鉴定,将该菌株归类为链霉菌属Streptomyces。进一步的发酵条件优化试验,确定该菌株产活性物质的最佳培养基配方为（g/L）：麦芽糖10g、蔗糖25g、酵母膏20g、蛋白胨20g、K2HPO4 0.5g,初始pH7.0。发酵优化后,菌株发酵液的10倍稀释液处理后24h对根结线虫的校正击倒率从优化前的75.0%提高到93.7%。 相似文献
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具有除草活性的生防菌株GD-9发酵条件优化及菌剂制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确具有除草活性的生防菌株GD-9发酵过程中各因子的配比和最优条件,采用单因素试验对菌株最适碳源、氮源、载体、固态发酵基质进行了筛选,应用正交试验设计研究了碳源、氮源、初始含水量、接种量、初始pH、培养时间、培养温度7种因素对菌株活菌数的影响。试验结果表明菌株GD-9最佳固态发酵条件为:氮源NaNO_3 58.4 mg/g,碳源葡萄糖48.4 mg/g,培养基质最适初始含水量为258 mg/g,最适接种量为0.26 mL/g,初始pH 7.6,最佳培养时间147.8 h,最佳培养温度30.7℃,最适宜的载体为黏土,分散剂为聚乙烯醇,稳定剂为膨润土,润湿剂为糊精。通过发酵试验结果制备生防菌株GD-9的固体菌剂,该研究为菌剂的商品化生产奠定基础。 相似文献
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地黄根圈土壤拮抗放线菌筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为研究中药地黄根圈土壤拮抗性放线菌在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,用常规方法从地黄根圈土壤中分离获得42株放线菌。采用琼脂块法进行初筛,用纸片扩散法和生长速率法对抑菌效果最好的菌株DHR11进行抑菌活性复筛,通过形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列分析研究其分类地位,并采用正交设计对从6种培养基中筛选的最佳培养基进行优化。结果表明:4株放线菌对供试植物病原真菌有较好的拮抗作用,其中菌株DHR11对苹果炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeospori-oides的抑菌活性最高,抑菌圈直径达30mm,抑菌率达52.5%;菌株DHR11发酵9天时抑菌活性最高;最优培养基组成为:蔗糖15 g、可溶性淀粉25 g、大豆粉10 g、酵母膏7.5 g、K2HPO40.5 g、自来水1000 mL;最佳发酵条件为:培养基初始pH7.5,接种量15%(v/v),摇床转数220 r/min,装瓶量80mL/250 mL,28℃发酵9天。根据形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定DHR11为加利利链霉菌Streptomyces galilaeus。 相似文献
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Yih-Shen Hwang Mir S. Mulla Mary Mistrot Pope Cesar Rodriguez 《Pest management science》1982,13(5):517-522
N,N-Diethyl-, N,N-dipropyl-, N,N-di-isopropyl, and N,N-di-isobutylalkanamides in which the acyl moiety ranged from C8 to C21 were synthesised, and their larvicidal activity was determined against the first-instar larvae of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The four homologous series of amides generally showed an increase in their larvicidal activity as the carbon number in the acyl moiety of the amides increased, until the activity reached a maximum. Subsequently, an increment of carbon number resulted in declining activity in the higher homologues, until the activity disappeared. N,N-Diethyltetradecanamide, N,N-dipropylundecanamide, N,N-di-isopropylundecanamide, and N,N-di-isobutlynonanamide or -dodecanamide were the most active compounds in their respective homologous series of amides; however, they were less active than their analogous N,N-dimethylalkanamides previously studied. 相似文献
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长武旱塬不同麦玉轮作系统产量效应模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用EPIC模型对不同麦玉轮作系统进行模拟,通过对其输出结果的分析,综合考虑产量、经济效益、干旱胁迫和氮肥生产率等因素,对不同麦玉轮作系统进行综合评价,从而比较不同麦玉轮作系统的优劣。结果表明:(1)在模拟研究期间,8种麦玉轮作系统的产量均呈波动性下降趋势,其平均值分别为4.61、4.40、4.16、4.48、4.28、4.29、4.714、.55 t/hm2。所有的麦玉轮作系统中,麦玉轮作系统"春玉米→冬小麦"的经济效益最好。(2)在模拟研究期间,麦玉轮作系统"春玉米→冬小麦→冬小麦"的冬小麦和春玉米所遭受的年均干旱胁迫日数最少(29.51d)。在干旱年份麦玉轮作系统中的冬小麦较春玉米更容易遭受干旱威胁。综合产量、经济效益、作物所遭受的干旱胁迫天数和麦玉轮作系统的氮肥生产率等因素,在长武地区适宜采用的麦玉轮作系统为春玉米→冬小麦。 相似文献
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运用温室葡萄水热平衡观测资料,分析了东北日光温室葡萄的能量平衡和能量分量日变化、生育期变化以及分配规律,同时也分析了潜热通量（λET）对环境因子的响应。结果表明：水热通量各分量在整个生育期日变化总体上呈现为单峰趋势,净辐射（Rn）的峰值最大为618.75 W·m-2,λET峰值最大为242.73 W·m-2,感热通量（H）峰值最大为327.93 W·m-2;在新梢生长期,白天λET较小,为34.55 W·m-2,随着生育期推进,λET逐渐增大,在果实着色成熟期达到最大值（78.49 W·m-2）之后减小;H在各生育期能量中均占了绝大部分;白天潜热通量占净辐射的比例（λET/Rn）在新梢生长期最小,为25.28%,在果实着色成熟期最大,为44.17%;感热通量占净辐射比例（H/Rn）整个生育期几乎都达50%以上,土壤热通量占净辐射比例（G/Rn）相对较小,变化范围为4.46~12.32 W·m-2;在整个生育期能量比率大小依次为H/Rn>λET/Rn>G/Rn。在不同生育阶段瞬时尺度上,Rn是影响潜热变化最主要的气象因子,R2高达0.88。在日尺度上,各气象因子对潜热通量的影响在逐渐变弱,相对湿度（RH）与λET相关系数仅为0.28。但无论从瞬时尺度还是日尺度,Rn都是影响潜热通量最主要的气象因子。各气象因子对潜热通量的影响大小依次为：Rn>VPD>Ta>RH。 相似文献
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施肥对小麦、玉米和大豆连作土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确长期施肥和不施肥条件下作物连作对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以典型黑土为研究对象,选取长期定位实验站长期施肥和不施肥条件下的小麦、玉米和大豆连作处理,通过稀释平板法和Biolog Eco微平板法,测定土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、碳源代谢活性等指标,为建立合理的农田管理措施提供数据支撑和理论依据。结果表明:长期施肥条件下大豆、小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均高于不施肥处理,且均以大豆连作处理细菌和真菌数量最高。不施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数较大豆连作处理分别下降了24.8%和31.0%,真菌总数分别下降了64.0%和51.2%;施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数则较大豆连作处理分别下降了29.0%和45.5%,真菌总数分别下降了26.7%和31.5%。Biolog结果表明,不施肥条件下小麦连作处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)高于玉米和大豆连作处理,施肥条件下则是大豆连作处理的AWCD值高于小麦和玉米连作处理。不施肥条件下大豆、玉米和小麦连作处理利用最多的碳源是碳水化合物类,施肥后不同连作处理利用最多的是碳水化合物类和多聚物类。大豆和小麦连作不施肥条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是α-D-乳糖,施肥条件下利用率最高的碳源均是D,L-α-甘油,而不论施肥与否,玉米连作条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是D-半乳糖醛酸;葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐和γ-羟基丁酸是农田黑土微生物群落特异利用的关键碳源。主成分分析得出,施肥对土壤微生物碳源代谢能力的影响大于作物的影响。 相似文献
15.
Mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in fish, water, and sediment of American Falls Reservoir, Idaho, 1974.
Mercury and cadmium were found in fish, water, and sediment of American Falls Reservoir (AFR), Idaho. Mercury and cadmium levels in some fish exceeded human health standards set by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and the World Health Organization. Analyses performed on the flesh of rainbow trout showed mercury residues of up to 1.20 mg/kg, which were higher than residues previously reported in trout collected in 1970 and 1971 from AFR. Cadmium residue levels were as high as 0.80 mg/kg. Although arsenic was found in reservoir sediment at levels of 1.36-2.40 mg/kg, it was not detected in fish. 相似文献
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The rust fungus Maravalia cryptostegiae , from south-west Madagascar, was introduced into Australia in 1995 as a classical biological control agent against the highly invasive rubber-vine weed Cryptostegia grandiflora , a woody climber endemic to Madagascar. The rust was released at 69 sites between 1995 and 1997 and is now established throughout the plant's exotic range in Queensland, estimated at over 40 000 km2 . Dispersal was low in the first 3–4 months but was virtually linear thereafter, and the rust spread over 100 km within the first year; after 3 years it was recorded 550 km away from the nearest release site. Spraying both dry and aqueous inoculum of uredinioid teliospores from the ground using mist-blowers, as well as from the air by atomizing spore suspensions, resulted in rust-induced defoliation, producing an overall reduction in fecundity and biomass of the weed. In sites with low water tables, weed growth decreased markedly, with a reduction in plant volume from 9 m−3 to 1 m−3 over a 4-year period. Both rust- and drought-induced stress combined to cause up to 75% plant mortality at some sites, and at all monitored sites, seedling recruitment was virtually nil. Improved growth of indigenous grasses amongst rubber-vine thickets has increased fuel loads and created opportunities to use fire as a component of an integrated approach to the management of this economically and ecologically damaging weed. 相似文献
17.
Jean-Pierre Blein 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1982,17(2):156-161
The activity of 15 herbicides from different families was assayed on nonphotosynthetic Acer pseudoplatanus cells, in batch suspension culture. They inhibited growth, stimulated the oxygen consumption by cells, and changed the pH evolution of the culture medium. Amides did not seem to disturb the membrane properties. Some diphenyl ethers and phenols directly modified the proton compartmentation of cells whereas some other diphenyl ethers, nitriles, triazines, and uracils altered permeabilities to potassium and leucine. Changes in membrane permeabilities to protons and medium constituents were discussed. 相似文献
18.
The mode of action of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), pronamide(N-(1,1-dimethylpropynyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzamide), and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) on purified microtubules from pig brains and on the ultrastructure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. “Mediterranean,” C. I. 5303) and corn (Zea mays L. “yellow dent, U. S. 13”) roots was compared with that known for colchicine. Colchicine disrupts the in vivo cortical and spindle microtubules of root cells. Like colchicine, the herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and pronamide caused the loss of both cortical and spindle microtubules of root cells. The rate of microtubule disappearance depended on the type of herbicide and length of exposure of roots to the herbicide. Unlike colchicine, cortical microtubules were present in propham-treated roots but they were disoriented within the cell.In vitro polymerization studies with pig brain microtubules (Sus scrofa) showed that the herbicides failed to inhibit the assembly of purified microtubular protein into microtubules and that radioactively labeled herbicides did not bind to the microtubular protein. Colchicine inhibited the polymerization of microtubular protein and readily bound to the microtubular subunits. These results indicate that the mode of action of the herbicides is not similar to that of colchicine and that the loss of microtubules from root tip cells treated with trifluralin, oryzalin, and pronamide may be caused by these herbicides interfering with synthesis of microtubular protein or metabolism of endoplasmic reticulum membranes involved in microtubule assembly. The mode of action of propham appears to be on the microtubular organizing centers rather than on microtubules per se. 相似文献
19.
采用模拟Pb、Cd污染土壤培养法研究了紫茎泽兰在重金属Pb、Cd胁迫下植株不同部位对3种营养元素(N、P、K)吸收的影响。结果表明,紫茎泽兰各组织在Pb胁迫下对N、P的吸收总体上均保持一定的促进作用,对K则表现出一定的抑制效应;Cd胁迫下对N、P有良好的吸收,低浓度Cd促进K的吸收,高浓度则表现出抑制作用。Pb-Cd复合污染胁迫下根茎叶均对N的吸收有一定的促进作用,而对K的吸收有较强的抑制效应。这表明,紫茎泽兰在重金属Pb、Cd胁迫下可通过大量吸收N、P等元素来有效缓解重金属的毒害作用,这可能也是紫茎泽兰能适应高Pb、Cd胁迫的一种耐性机制。 相似文献
20.
BACKGROUND: Vector‐borne plant disease management can be enhanced by deployment of antifeedants in addition to the use of broad‐spectrum neurotoxic insecticides. The effects of pymetrozine on Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, feeding behaviour, survival and transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the presumed causal pathogen of huanglongbing, were investigated. RESULTS: Pymetrozine applied at 52 and 104 µg mL?1 to citrus plants [Swingle citrumelo (X Citroncirus webberi Ingram and Moore)] modified the feeding behavior of ACP and increased the amount of time spent performing non‐penetration behaviors while decreasing the time spent performing ingestion behaviors compared with the controls 1 day after treatment. However, the antifeedant effect of pymetrozine subsided 5 days after application. Pymetrozine reduced the survival of both adults and nymphs on treated plants compared with the control. However, it had a greater impact on survival of nymphs than on survival of adults. Pymetrozine applied at 52 and 104 µg mL?1 on Las‐infected ‘Valencia’ sweet orange plants [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] reduced acquisition (12 and 21% respectively) and transmission (11 and 18% respectively) of Las by feeding ACP adults compared with the controls; however, these reductions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Pymetrozine exhibited moderate antifeedant effects by modifying the feeding behavior of ACP adults with short residual activity. The impact of pymetrozine on survival of nymphs was greater than on adults at the higher concentrations tested. Pymetrozine also reduced the acquisition and transmission of Las by feeding ACP adults up to 21 and 18%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献