共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
不同利用方式旱地红壤水稳性团聚体及其碳、氮、磷分布特征 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28
针对江西红壤地区不同利用方式引起的土壤质量和肥力的相应变化,研究了不同肥力水平、不同利用方式下红壤旱地水稳性团聚体含量及其养分分布规律。研究表明,荒地土壤中>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量显著高于其他利用方式,花生地和果园土壤则以0.25～0.053 mm的水稳性团聚体为主。各肥力水平下,菜地土壤中除>5 mm水稳性团聚体外,各粒级团聚体中有机碳、全氮和全磷含量均显著高于花生地、果园和荒地土壤。说明菜地土壤长期大量施肥,导致土壤碳、氮、磷养分含量均相对丰富。不同利用方式旱地红壤中,有机碳、全氮主要分布在>5 mm、5～2 mm和2～1 mm的较大粒径水稳性团聚体中。说明随着团聚体粒径增大,其有机碳含量增加,土壤全氮的消长趋势和有机碳一致。土壤全磷较均匀地分布在水稳性团聚体中,如高肥力菜地和荒地土壤各粒级团聚体中全磷含量间均无显著性差异。各利用方式旱地红壤中2～1 mm和1～0.5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量与土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量间均达到了极显著正相关。 相似文献
2.
红壤水稻土肥力性状的演变特征 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
大田条件下 ,通过选点采样分析 ,研究了不同利用年限红壤水稻土的物理、化学和生物学性质的动态变化特征。荒地红壤水耕利用后 ,土壤颗粒组成呈现规律性变化 ,粘粒 (<0 0 0 2mm)含量从荒地红壤的 3 9%下降到 80a稻田土壤的 1 7% ,而粉砂 (0 0 2～ 0 0 0 2mm)含量升高。土壤pH一般增加 0 5～ 1个单位 ;0～ 1 0cm土壤有机碳和全氮含量从荒地红壤的 4 5 8gkg- 1和 0 3 9gkg- 1增加到 3 0a红壤稻田的1 9 6gkg- 1和 1 62gkg- 1,其后 ,即使利用时间长达 80a ,土壤有机碳和全氮含量并没有显著差异 ;土壤全磷含量 ,经 3a水耕利用后可从荒地红壤的 0 5gkg- 1提高到 1 3gkg- 1,表明通过施肥可使红壤磷素快速积累 ;而在水耕利用过程中 ,红壤稻田土壤的钾素含量呈下降趋势 ,经 80a利用的红壤稻田 ,0～ 1 0cm土壤钾素含量仅为荒地红壤的 80 % ;全铁和游离铁的含量也呈下降趋势。随着水耕熟化过程 ,细菌数量和脲酶活性也明显升高。不同利用年限红壤稻田土壤的各项性状指标的变化结果还表明 ,荒地红壤水耕利用后要达到高度熟化的稻田土壤肥力水平 ,需要经过 3 0a的时间 相似文献
3.
耕作年限对棉田土壤颗粒及矿物结合态有机碳的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究耕作年限对棉田土壤颗粒及矿物结合态有机碳的影响.以相应荒地为对照,选取南北疆兰州湾、31团和普惠农场3个典型绿洲不同耕作年限土壤为研究对象,应用物理分组方法研究颗粒及矿物结合态有机碳的变化规律.结果表明:耕作有利于棉田土壤总有机碳的积累,耕作(0～5年)总有机碳增加迅速,年均增加在0.65 g/kg以上;颗粒有机物、有机碳和颗粒有机碳的分配比例在耕作0～10年间增加,较荒地分别增加50.12％,263.64％,79.79％,10年后下降.矿物结合态有机碳含量则随耕作年限的延长递增,矿物结合态有机物含量变化趋势与颗粒有机物相反.土壤有机碳在耕作1～10年增加,有利于土壤质量的提高,是荒漠区土壤碳汇,是合理的耕作年限. 相似文献
4.
土地利用方式对江西红壤旱地碳库管理指数的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土壤碳库管理指数是表征土壤有机碳积累与质量的综合指标,可有效地反映人类活动对土壤质量的影响。本研究以未开垦的红壤荒地为对照,研究了3种土地利用方式(农地、茶园、果园)下0~40 cm土层总有机碳和活性有机碳的分布特征及土壤碳库管理指数的变化。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式下各土层土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳的大小均表现为农地果园≈茶园未开垦的红壤荒地,相比于未开垦的红壤荒地,其他3种土地利用方式均能显著提高土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳含量(P0.05)。(2)红壤旱地开垦利用均能显著提高土壤碳库管理指数(P0.05),但在选取的3种不同利用方式下,土壤碳库管理指数在0~10 cm土层差异显著(P0.05),表现为农地果园≈茶园;在0~20cm土层表现为农地与茶园相当(P0.05),与果园有显著差异(P0.05);在20~40 cm土层3种不同土地方式无明显差异(P0.05)。因此,红壤荒地开垦利用能够提高土壤碳库管理指数,且农用地比果茶园效果更佳。 相似文献
5.
旱地红壤不同土地利用方式对土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的影响差异 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
土壤是人类存在与发展的必需物质基础,土地利用的变化直接影响土壤质量。以江西红壤为例,通过野外采样和室内实验分析,研究了旱地红壤的5种土地利用方式:荒地(HD)、茶树园(CSY)、柑橘园(GJY)、花生地(HSD)、玉米地(YMD)的表层土壤(0-15 cm)土壤酶活性及微生物多样性。结果表明:与荒地相比,茶树园、柑橘园、花生地和玉米地的土壤基础呼吸强度分别提高了93.33%,79.71%,9.12%,6.45%;茶树园的土壤微生物量碳含量比荒地的增大了113.67%,而柑橘园、花生地和玉米地比荒地的分别减小了12.35%,6.84%,87.57%;茶树园、柑橘园和花生地的土壤FDA水解酶活性分别比荒地的增大了51.99%,44.04%,25.55%,而玉米地的比荒地的减小了13.62%;茶树园和花生地的土壤脱氢酶活性分别比荒地的增大了2.47%和123.63%,柑橘园的比荒地的增大了35.70%;5种土地利用类型对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性影响较小。茶树园、柑橘园和花生地的土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸量分别比荒地的增大了11.11%,5.56%,2.78%,而玉米地的比荒地的减小了13.89%;茶树园、柑橘园和玉米地的土壤细菌种类分别比荒地的减少约9.09%,4.55%,22.73%;不同土地利用方式的土壤真菌种类数相同,无差异;茶树园和花生地的土壤放线菌种类均比荒地的增大约16.67%,而柑橘园的比荒地的减少约16.67%。说明相比于荒地、柑橘园、花生地和玉米地,茶树园的土壤微生物多样性更加丰富,群落结构也相对稳定,种植茶树更有利于提高土壤质量及对土壤肥力的保持。 相似文献
6.
不同种植方式对红壤旱地土壤水分及抗旱能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过3年田间小区试验,研究不同种植方式对红壤旱地土壤水分及抗旱能力的影响.结果表明：1）与种植花生相比,种植苎麻可显著提高土壤有机质质量分数（28.44％）、田间持水量（10.06％）和总孔隙度（5.65％）,土壤密度则显著降低7.20％;2）监测期内,花生地各层土壤以及整个0～ 100 cm土体水分变异系数普遍高于苎麻地,苎麻地0 ～ 100 cm土体水分的时间稳定性和空间协调性优于花生地;3）苎麻地0～ 40 cm土壤较花生地延长抗旱时间7d以上,但随着土层的加深,差异越来越小;4）红壤坡耕地种植苎麻有利于提高红壤旱地土壤抗旱能力,特别是中、上层土壤.从扩充土壤水库的角度考虑,红壤旱地种植苎麻优于种植花生,该研究结果可为挖掘红壤区深层土壤水分提供参考. 相似文献
7.
开垦年限对干旱区土壤理化性质及剖面无机碳的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为阐明开垦年限对土壤理化性质及无机碳的影响,进一步了解干旱区土地开垦进程中的土壤质量变化规律和碳吸收与存储过程,以开垦年限分明的典型区—新疆三工河流域阜北农场为研究区,调查、分析了不同开垦年限(已开垦0,1,3,5,15,30,50a)剖面土壤的pH值、盐分、无机碳含量与储量的分布特征、变化规律及开垦年限对它们的影响。结果表明:(1)已开垦土地的土壤pH值随土层深度的增加而升高;随开垦年限的延长,0—60cm(耕作层)的土壤pH值显著降低(P0.05),60—140,140—200cm土壤pH值则升高。不同开垦年限的土壤盐分在剖面上呈"S"型分布,研究区土壤盐分为表聚型;随着开垦年限的延长,土壤盐分聚集层逐渐下移,各剖面平均含盐量减少。开垦历史的延长,有助于排盐排碱。(2)不同开垦年限的土壤无机碳含量与储量:0—60cm显著低于60—140cm,60—140cm显著低于140—200cm(P0.05)。随着土层深度的增加,土壤无机碳储量占全碳的比例增大。随着开垦年限的延长,0—60cm耕作层土壤无机碳含量、储量呈"减少—增加—减少"的变化趋势,无机碳储量占全碳的比例减少。与原始荒地相比,开垦50a时,0—60cm耕作层的土壤无机碳储量减少了55%;0—200cm土壤无机碳储量增加了11.74kg/m~2,无机碳储量所占全碳的比例降低了1.28%。(3)开垦年限的延长对土壤pH、盐分及无机碳的显著影响深度不同,分别集中于0—60cm耕作层,0—140cm及整个研究深度范围内。 相似文献
8.
本文研究表明,与荒地红壤相比,旱地红壤表土的物理性质已有明显不同,土壤容重和土壤阻力较低,而土壤孔隙度较高。但心土和底土层的物理性质仍类似荒地红壤,然而,这些土层中高水势段的释水性却比荒地红壤相应土层中的更低。年内不同时期内的贮水量,旱地红壤比地红壤高,因而伏秋旱期间土体中出现代于萎蔫含水量值的时间较迟,干旱深度较浅。 相似文献
9.
生物质炭对旱地红壤理化性状和作物产量的持续效应 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以江西进贤旱地红壤为供试土壤,连续3a观测施用生物质炭(0t/hm2,2.5t/hm2,5t/hm2,10t/hm2,20t/hm2,30t/hm2和40t/hm2)后土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率、土壤pH、有机碳、阳离子交换量及油菜和红薯产量的变化。结果表明:生物质炭连续3a降低土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度和土壤饱和导水率,提升了土壤pH,增加了土壤有机碳和阳离子交换量;油菜和红薯产量均随生物质炭施用量的增加而增加,且红薯产量增幅大于油菜。随种植年限的延长,作物产量增幅越大。高施用量(40t/hm2)处理在旱地红壤上的改良效果和增产效应最好,施用生物质炭后第3a其土壤容重下降了0.17g/cm3,土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率分别增加了11.71%和126.57%,土壤pH、有机碳和阳离子交换量分别提高了7.25%,47.88%和44.61%,油菜和红薯产量分别增加了1.23t/hm2和14.83t/hm2。在连续3a内,旱地红壤施用生物质炭对改善土壤理化性状,维持作物增产具有持续效应,为生物质炭在红壤地区的大规模推广应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
长期施用有机肥对红壤旱地土壤线虫群落的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于红壤旱地(玉米)的长期施肥试验,研究长期施用有机肥对土壤线虫分布特征及群落结构的影响。田间试验处理包括:CK(对照)、ON1(低量有机肥)、ON2(高量有机肥)和ON2L(高量改良有机肥)。结果表明,施肥8a后,红壤旱地中共鉴定出15科、29属土壤线虫,包括8属植物寄生线虫、9属食细菌线虫、3属食真菌性线虫和9属捕食杂食性线虫,短体属(Pratylenchus)、小杆属(Rhabditis)和原杆属(Pro-torhabditis)为优势属。不同施肥处理中,土壤线虫总数的大小顺序为ON2>ON1>ON2L>CK。线虫群落生态指数对于施用有机肥有不同的响应:除SI外,其他虫群落生态指数均有显著差异,通过线虫群落结构的变化很好地反映了土壤的肥力变化状况,土壤线虫可以作为施有机肥过程中指示土壤健康质量的一个重要的生物学指标。 相似文献
11.
茅苍术间作对连作花生土壤线虫群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以连作10年花生的红壤为基质,分别设置花生单作和花生/茅苍术间作处理,于花生成熟期采集单作花生根际土壤、间作处理花生和茅苍术根际土壤,分析土壤线虫的数量、多样性和群落结构,以揭示茅苍术间作对土壤线虫群落的影响及对花生连作障碍的缓解机制。结果表明,与花生单作相比,间作处理花生的株高、主根长、秸秆干重和荚果干重显著增加(p0.05)。茅苍术间作减少了连作花生土壤线虫的总数,显著提高了花生根际土壤食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和捕食/杂食线虫的相对丰度,降低了植物寄生线虫的相对丰度(p0.05)。与花生单作相比,间作提高了花生根际土壤线虫的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J),而土壤线虫群落的优势度指数(λ)显著降低。间作处理花生根际土壤线虫的瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)和自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)显著升高,植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)显著降低,而线虫通道比(NCR)无显著变化。综合分析得出,茅苍术间作可以提高花生连作土壤线虫多样性、优化土壤线虫群落结构,进而增强有益线虫的生态功能、改善花生连作障碍。 相似文献
12.
不同种植年限宁夏枸杞根际微生物多样性变化 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
为了解长期人工种植枸杞根际土壤微生物的种群结构变化特征,利用Illumina Mi Seq测序平台分别对种植5 a、10 a和15 a宁夏枸杞根际土壤微生物基因组总DNA中16S和18S r DNA基因的部分区域进行测序,经UPARSE pipeline和RDP classifier软件进行聚类分析和物种注释。结果表明,长期种植宁夏枸杞不会改变其根际土壤p H,但会导致根际土壤全磷、有效磷、全盐含量和电导率升高。测序结果表明,不同种植年限枸杞根际土壤细菌群落α多样性无显著变化,但真菌群落多样性在种植10 a枸杞中较种植5 a时显著降低(p0.05),表明根际细菌群落多样性受种植年限影响较小。从门的分类水平看,酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、泉古菌门、蓝菌门、芽单胞菌门、变形菌门以及真菌子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门的比例在不同种植年限的枸杞根际土壤中显著改变(p0.05)。属水平的分析也表明,共有27个细菌属和16个真菌属的比例发生改变(p0.05),这些结果表明枸杞根际土壤微生物群落组成受种植年限的影响更大。相关性分析结果表明,种植年限、土壤全磷及有效磷含量是影响枸杞根际微生物群落结构的主要因子。 相似文献
13.
红壤稻田土壤理化及生物学性状的动态变化特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Rice production plays a crucial role in the food supply of China and a better understanding of the changes in paddy soil fertility and the management effects is of practical importance for increasing rice productivity. In this study, field sampling in a typical red soil region of subtropical China, Jiangxi Province, was used to observe changes in the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields. After cultivation, clay (< 0.002 mm) content in the soil, which was 39% in the original uncultivated wasteland, decreased, to 17% in the 80-year paddy field, while silt (0.02--0.002 mm) content increased. Additionally, macroporosity increased and pore shapes became more homogeneous. Soil Ph generally increased. Soil organic C and total N content of the 0-10 cm layer increased from 4.58 and 0.39 g kg-1 to 19.6 and 1.62 g kg-1, respectively in the paddy fields after 30-year cultivation and then remained stable. Soil total P content increased from 0.5 to 1.3 g kg-1 after 3 years of rice cultivation, indicating that application of phosphate fertilizer could accelerate phosphorous accumulation in the soil. Total K content in the 0--10 cm soil layer for the 80-year paddy fields decreased by 28% compared to that of the uncultivated wasteland land. Total Fe and free Fe contents declined with years of cultivation. The bacterial population increased and urease activity noticeably intensified after years of cultivation. In this chronosequence it appeared that it took 30 years to increase soil fertility to a relatively constant value that was seen after 80 years of cultivation. 相似文献
14.
Land use changes affect belowground ecosystems.During the past few decades,land use in Northeast China has changed considerably,and the area of paddy fields has increased rapidly from upland.In this study,soil characteristics and soil biotic community in paddy fields with different years of rice cultivation were measured to examine the effects of land use change from upland to paddy fields on soil micro-food web.The upland maize fields were selected as control and the microbial community composition was characterized using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis.The microbial biomass (total PLFA),bacteria biomass,and fungi biomass were higher in the 20-40-year (late-stage) than 1-10-year (early-stage) paddy fields.The abundances of total nematodes and bacterivores were lower in the early-stage than late-stage paddy fields.The abundance of herbivores was the highest in the early-stage paddy fields but that of omnivore-predators was the highest in the late-stage paddy fields.Structural equation model indicated that soil food web was developed and structured after 20 years of paddy cultivation.Our results suggested that soil micro-food web may be a good indicator for soil development and stabilization of paddy fields following land use change. 相似文献
15.
BackgroundSaffron cultivation is vital in the Taliouine-Taznakht regions, but the influence of agricultural practices on soil nematode communities, critical for soil health and plant productivity, is not well understood.This study characterizes nematode communities in saffron fields of the Taliouine-Taznakht regions, assessing the impact of various agricultural practices on these communities, with a focus on their diversity, functional roles, and potential as bio-indicators of soil health.A total of 163 soil samples were collected from saffron fields in Taliouine-Taznakht. Nematode communities were identified, quantified, and their functional diversity analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to visualize relationships between nematode communities and sampling sites. Co-inertia analysis assessed the impact of agricultural practices on nematode diversity.The nematode communities were diverse and varied across regions. PCA identified unique nematode community compositions in different saffron fields. Omnivorous nematodes were strongly linked with Taouyalte (TA), and herbivorous ones were prevalent at Agadir Melloul (AM) and Sidi Hssaine (SH). Modern crop types, high-frequency irrigation, and alfalfa-barley rotation were positively correlated with predator nematode abundance, potentially controlling plant parasitic nematodes and encouraging nutrient cycling. Conversely, monocropping, traditional irrigation, and long plantation age correlated with reduced structure and maturity indices, suggesting a less stable ecosystem.This study unveils the intricate relationships between nematode communities in Taliouine-Taznakht saffron fields and agricultural practices. Findings indicate that specific practices, such as crop rotation and modern irrigation techniques, can foster beneficial nematode groups that improve soil health and potentially regulate harmful plant parasitic nematodes. This knowledge is crucial for crafting sustainable and effective saffron cultivation strategies. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2323-2337
Intensive greenhouse vegetable‐production systems commonly utilize excessive fertilizer inputs that are inconsistent with sustainable production and may affect soil quality. Soil samples were collected from 15 commercial greenhouses used for tomato production and from neighboring fields used for wheat cropping to determine the effects of intensive vegetable cultivation on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil total nitrogen (N) and organic‐matter contents were greater in the intensive greenhouse tomato soils than the open‐field wheat soils. Soil microbial carbon (C) contents were greater in the greenhouse soils, and soil microbial biomass N showed a similar trend but with high variation. The two cropping systems were not significantly different. Soil microbial biomass C was significantly correlated with both soil total N and soil organic matter, but the relationships among soil microbial biomass N, soil total N, and organic‐matter content were not significant. The Biolog substrate utilization potential of the soil microbial communities showed that greenhouse soils were significantly higher (by 14%) than wheat soils. Principal component (PC) analysis of soil microbial communities showed that the wheat sites were significantly correlated with PC1, whereas the greenhouse soils were variable. The results indicate that changes in soil microbiological properties may be useful indicators for the evaluation of soil degradation in intensive agricultural systems. 相似文献
17.
设施菜地种植年限对土壤理化性质和生物学特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
18.
Kounbobr Roch Dabiré Saliou Ndiaye Jean-Luc Chotte Sabine Fould Mamadou Thiam Diop Thierry Mateille 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(3):205-211
Pasteuria penetrans, a bacterial parasite of plant-parasitic nematodes, is used to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. populations in vegetable crops. But its efficiency is variable, mostly because of the patchy distribution of the bacteria in arable fields. As the infective P. penetrans are non-motile bacteria in soil, abiotic soil factors can affect the bacteria–nematode relationships. An epidemiological study, conducted in a vegetable field, showed that abiotic factors such as irrigation, soil water holding capacity and texture, affected the efficiency of P. penetrans. A correspondence analysis between these abiotic factors and the density of P. penetrans spores in the soil, and the proportion of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles infected by the bacteria, revealed that irrigation affected directly the distribution of the spores in soil pores related to their passive transport by water flow. Laboratory experiments conducted on the passive transport of spores confirmed that intensive irrigation leached the spores down the soil profile and decreased the percentage of infected Meloidogyne juveniles. 相似文献