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1.
基于监测物料温度的胡萝卜热风干燥相对湿度控制方式 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
针对热风干燥中,表面易结壳农产品物料阶段降湿干燥中各阶段高湿和低湿保持时间较难确定的问题,该文提出了在干燥介质温度和风速一定时,基于监测物料温度的热风干燥相对湿度控制方式。该控制方式在前期预热阶段保持较高恒定的相对湿度值,使物料迅速升温;中期干燥阶段物料温度保持特定值进行排湿干燥,物料温度有上升趋势时停止排湿使之升温;后期降速干燥阶段,物料保持较高温度值进行排湿干燥。胡萝卜的热风干燥验证试验研究结果表明,预热阶段,相对湿度控制最大偏差为1.0%;中期干燥阶段,物料排湿干燥物料温度保持值逐渐升高,物料温度上升至保持温度的最大误差为0.8℃;在后期干燥阶段,检测湿含量之差小于0.5 g/kg,判定干燥结束相对于称量判定干燥结束终点时间延迟为9 min。该干燥时间相比于前期相对湿度50%后期连续排湿和前期相对湿度50%后期相对湿度20%缩短了19.7%。该文提出了一种基于监测物料温度的热风干燥相对湿度调控策略,控制精度高,延迟时间短,相比于前期高湿后期低湿的干燥工艺能显著缩短干燥时间,提高干燥效率。 相似文献
2.
为了使车辆驾驶性能满足驾驶员需求,提出了基于数据融合决策的驾驶员类型识别方法并建立了基于驾驶员类型的换挡规律。首先基于驾驶员的驾驶行为和驾驶意图,对驾驶员类型进行分析,制定了基于驾驶风格的驾驶员类型识别方案。选定能表征驾驶员驾驶风格的有效工况及相应的表征信号后,先采用BP神经网络分类器对驾驶风格进行辨识,再采用贝叶斯融合决策方法先后对同类操纵的驾驶风格辨识结果和所有操纵类型驾驶风格辨识结果进行数据融合决策,最终辨识出驾驶员类型。根据驾驶员类型,引入动力性系数,通过不同类型驾驶员对应的动力性系数值的改变,实现换挡规律中动力性因素和经济性因素所占比例的调整,最终形成基于驾驶员类型的DCT换挡规律。最后,以搭载6DCT的某试验车为对象,对不同驾驶员的换挡过程进行仿真实验,结果表明基于驾驶员类型的DCT换挡规律能够适应不同类型的驾驶员需求。该研究为驾驶员类型识别和智能型换挡规律的制定提供了参考。 相似文献
3.
基于卷积神经网络面部图像识别的拖拉机驾驶员疲劳检测 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
针对疲劳驾驶极易造成拖拉机交通事故这一问题,该文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络面部特征识别的拖拉机驾驶员疲劳检测方法。首先,利用伽马亮度校正对驾驶员面部图像进行光照预处理,再通过小波包去除图像中的椒盐噪声和高斯噪声,对预处理后的图像分别通过PCA-SCM人脸特征识别定位算法和基于人脸核心特征库及肤色模型的人脸识别算法进行驾驶员面部的识别定位,并通过比对这2种算法识别的偏差大小校验算法识别的有效性,以减小拖拉机工作振动时采样对图像中人脸定位精度的影响。将提取到的驾驶员面部图像输入到卷积神经网络进行深度学习和训练,并建立驾驶员疲劳视觉检测模型,从而实现基于拖拉机驾驶员面部图像的疲劳检测。统计训练过程中各项参数变化情况并进行T-SNE降维迭代分析,与其他常规方法相比,CNN在检测准确度和检测效率方面都有较为明显的优势。试验表明,所提出的检测模型准确率98.9%,图片识别效率38 ms/帧(Inter i7-4510U双核处理器),能够实现拖拉机驾驶员疲劳状况的实时检测,该研究可为解决疲劳驾驶这一安全问题提供参考。 相似文献
4.
为了准确监测滴头的堵塞状态，预测滴头堵塞程度的发展变化趋势。该研究基于模糊综合评价法，以相对流量变化量、灌水均匀度变化量为评价指标，用熵权法和三角形隶属度函数计算各评价指标权重和隶属度，建立了滴头堵塞综合评价指标（Evaluation Index，EI），利用灰色GM(1,1)预测模型预测滴头堵塞程度随灌水时间的变化情况。结果表明：滴头堵塞是一个随灌水时间增加而波动渐进的过程，滴头堵塞过程可分为波动平稳阶段和快速发展阶段2个过程，不同滴头的堵塞过程具有一致性规律，不同灌水时间的EI值间具有很好的相关性，可以根据前期试验数据预测滴头后期堵塞程度的变化趋势；提出了基于EI的滴头堵塞程度5级分级标准和方法，建立了基于5次测试灌水数据的滴头堵塞风险灰色GM(1,1)预测方法，可以预测不同滴头未来不同灌水时间后的滴头堵塞状态，对7种滴头堵塞程度的预测结果准确率为85.7%。该方法为滴头抗堵塞能力评价以及滴灌工程抗堵塞预防措施的配置提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳的肌电评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了了解拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳状况,该文在模拟拖拉机倒车作业的基础上,对驾驶员颈部胸锁乳突肌的表面肌电信号进行了测试,选取积分肌电值、平均功率频率、小波分解系数等特征量对肌电信号进行时域、频域以及时频域分析。结果表明：拖拉机驾驶员颈部疲劳后胸锁乳突肌的积分肌电值、平均功率频率、小波分解系数都降低,疲劳前后各特征量存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）,这些特征量都可以有效评价拖拉机驾驶员的颈部疲劳。 相似文献
6.
轮胎胎压和车速对无悬架拖拉机横向乘坐振动特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究轮胎胎压和行驶速度对驾驶员横向乘坐振动特性的影响,该文以两轮驱动式无悬架国产拖拉机为研究对象,建立无悬架拖拉机横向-垂向平面三自由度模型,通过仿真和试验相结合,分别获取不同轮胎胎压和行驶速度下拖拉机座椅处横向加速度功率谱密度、横向加速度均方值以及总加权加速度均方根值,并分析各自的影响规律.结果表明:拖拉机座椅处横向固有频率试验值与理论计算值的最大相对误差为4.67%,座椅处横向加速度均方根试验值随后轮胎胎压和速度的变化规律与仿真是一致的,且试验值比仿真值要小,其相对误差最大值为5.26%,误差均在可接受范围内,表明建立的理论和仿真模型是可行的;前轮胎压的变化对两轮驱动式拖拉机乘坐横向振动特性的影响不大;当轮胎胎压不变时,试验获取的拖拉机座椅处总加权加速度均方根值随行驶速度的增大而增大;当行驶速度不变时,总加权加速度均方根值随后轮胎压的增大而波浪式增大.该研究为拖拉机多维减振悬架系统的设计提供参考. 相似文献
7.
[目的]研究土壤稳定入渗速率(fc)的时间变化规律对土壤剖面水分运动和溶质运移的影响,为流域水文循环模型研究提供理论支持。[方法]以中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站附近典型的土地利用类型为研究对象,利用双环入渗法采集玉米地、苹果园和刺槐林地2021年4—10月的fc值。[结果](1)fc值空间分布的最大相关距离是7.12 m;(2)土壤容重与fc值呈显著负相关,而土壤初始含水量与fc值无显著相关性(p>0.05);(3)4—5月各土地利用类型的fc值随时间增加而增加;6—10月,各土地利用类型的fc值随时间的变化特征存在差异,表现为玉米地随时间的增加先增加后下降,苹果园随时间的增加而增大,刺槐林随时间的增加先增大后趋于稳定。方差分析表明,不同土地利用类型的fc值受时间影响显著(p<0.05)。[结论]观测期内,受耕作、降雨、根系活动与土壤干湿交替变化以及枯枝落叶层的影响,不同土地利用方式下f 相似文献
8.
工程车辆传动系载荷谱编制方法 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
为研究工程车辆传动系疲劳载荷谱的编制方法,采集了装载机5种典型工况的传动件载荷信号,采用作业循环分成6段处理的方式,对原始信号进行预处理和特性分析,得到反映载荷变化规律的真实信号。对变速箱后传动法兰,利用雨流计数法对其载荷时间历程进行了统计处理,结果表明：后传动法兰铲掘段均值分布服从均值为1910 N·m、标准差为537.8 N·m的正态分布,其幅值服从三参数威布尔分布,并且均值和幅值相互独立。根据各个工况的作业时间比例,进行频次外推和合成,利用二维概率分布函数,建立了各作业段的8×8级二维载荷谱。应用Goodman方法,将二维载荷谱转化为8级一维载荷谱,编制成反映装载机传动系受载情况的程序载荷谱。该方法可为工程车辆传动系寿命预测以及疲劳寿命试验提供参考。 相似文献
9.
【目的】为了长期监测土壤释放N2O的通量和同位素变化规律,了解产生N2O的微生物过程,提高对N2O排放量和排放系数估计的准确性,需要对N2O的日变化规律做深入研究,以便获得具有代表性的取样时间点及密闭时间。【方法】采用田间原位试验对华北平原的莴苣菜地进行了N2O排放监测,选取N2O排放高峰期即施肥灌溉后5~6 d为监测时间段,采用静态气体箱收集土壤释放的N2O气体,结合气相色谱和质谱技术测定N2O的含量及其同位素值(δ15N-N2O,δ18O-N2O和SP)。试验设2种取样间隔,即2 h和10 min,分别对N2O日变化规律和密闭时间进行研究。【结果】 1)在莴苣菜地N2O排放高峰期内,N2O通量日变化范围为34.65~131.45 μg/(m2·h),最大和最小的通量分别发生在13: 00和次日5: 00,9: 00的N2O通量为83.66 μg/(m2·h),与日通量平均值82.81 μg/(m2·h)相接近。N2O通量产生日变化的原因与土壤温度有关,相关分析表明,N2O通量与地下5 cm处土壤温度呈显著正相关(R2=0.82, P＜0.01),而与土壤充水孔隙度(WFPS)无显著相关性。2)24 h内,δ15Nbulk-N2O和δ18O-N2O随着时间呈现先降低后增加的变化趋势,变化范围分别为－31.22‰~－11.09‰和－7.45‰~-0.68‰; SP值随时间呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,变化范围为16.13‰~26.41‰。N2O各个同位素值随时间的变化表明产生N2O的微生物过程随之变化,但SP值在9: 00~17: 00较稳定,变化范围为23.26‰~26.21‰,极显著高于其他时刻(P＜0.01),表明硝化作用在这一时间段内对N2O的产生起主导作用。3)扣箱40 min后, N2O含量、 δ15N-N2O和SP值都达到稳定状态,因此选取40 min作为单次观测N2O含量和同位素变化的密闭时间。4)24 h内N2O通量加权SP值为22.54‰。根据前人总结的规律,本研究中N2O主要由细菌硝化作用产生,且估计60.92%的N2O来自于细菌硝化作用, 39.08%的N2O来自于反硝化作用。【结论】华北平原莴苣菜地的N2O通量和同位素值具有较大的日变化,综合N2O通量和同位素值,建议选取9: 00作为观测莴苣菜地N2O排放通量和同位素特征值变化规律的时刻,建议静态气体箱密闭时间为40 min。 相似文献
10.
座椅为拖拉机与驾驶员的主要接触部件，其参数设计与优化对提高驾驶舒适性具有重要意义。基于此，该研究采用生物力学软件AnyBody建立驾驶员-驾驶环境生物力学耦合模型，并以小、中、大体型驾驶员为研究对象，以拖拉机座椅靠背倾角、水平距离及垂直高度为参数，以竖脊肌、多裂肌、腹直肌及腹外斜肌激活程度为评价指标，分析研究座椅位置参数对驾驶员腰部肌肉生物力学特性的影响规律，确定座椅最佳位置参数；其次以课题组研制的多自由度驾驶平台为基础，按照上述参数调节座椅位置，测试计算不同体型驾驶员腰部四个主要活动肌群的激活程度，并将测试结果与仿真分析结果进行对比，发现二者具有较好一致性，通过调整座椅参数能有效提升驾驶员腰部舒适性。对小体型驾驶员，当座椅靠背倾角为9.7°，水平距离为472.1 mm，垂直高度为465.3 mm时，4个肌群总的激活程度最低，驾驶员腰部舒适性最高；对中体型驾驶员，座椅最适靠背倾角为13.9°，水平距离为495.6 mm，垂直高度为485.3 mm；对大体型驾驶员，座椅最适靠背倾角为14.8°，水平距离为526.4 mm，垂直高度为520.7 mm。本文研究成果可为农机装备座椅位置参数优化提供一种新思路。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献