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目前,关于在猪场中实施动物福利对猪只生长成绩影响的报告还比较缺乏。试验以生长育肥猪作为研究对象,分别探索了猪场员工与猪接触时间和猪只占据面积对生长育肥猪的福利和生长表现的影响。研究发现,猪只占据面积均对生长育肥猪的福利和生产成绩产生重要影响。尽管猪场员工对猪只的态度对生长育肥猪的影响不明显,但保证一定次数的查猪可以缓解猪只的应激,减弱猪只对人类的恐惧。试验研究为实际生产提供重要理论依据和实践参考。 相似文献
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动物福利的良好应用体现在健康上的生物功能;基于自然状态的方式,即自然条件下动物行为的附加值;基于情感的方式,如恐惧和悲伤,或是快乐。人们通过对这三个领域进行不同的组合,阐述着自己对动物福利的理解。主要分析了动物福利的重要性及其在养猪生产中的应用。 相似文献
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动物福利与我国养鸡业的应对 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
动物福利是对动物权利的一种保护,对于习惯把动物当作工具或者是一种个人的享受品的人类而言,无疑是一种挑战,但又是一种必须面对的全新理念。本文就动物福利的起源、动物福利的基本范畴以及动物福利法对现代养鸡业的挑战和我国养鸡业必备的应变措施进行了阐述。 相似文献
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随着畜牧经济和国际贸易的发展,动物福利及畜产品安全越来越成为全社会关注的话题。关注和实施动物福利的,既是畜牧业健康发展的需要,同时又是人类文明进步的象征。 相似文献
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In the Federal Republic of Germany the ownership of birds of prey and owls is subject to legal provisions for the conservation of nature and wildlife, as well as to the game law. Minimal requirements for housing and care of such birds result from regulations for animal welfare. According to these--arranged as to the pertinent paragraphs--recommendations are supplied for dealing with all aspects of animal welfare in the management and care of birds of prey and owls. 相似文献
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H Berner 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1986,14(1):67-78
Methods and problems are discussed evaluating pathological indicators potentially related to animal welfare in modern husbandry systems of brood sows. A variety of interrelationships of diseases and genetic dispositions concerning the locomotive and cardiovascular system interferes with the required forensic evidence between individual sickness and housing and/or neglected care. There are no defined pathological processes indicating disproportionate husbandry as well as insufficient ability of physical exercise. Highly restricted possibilities to move caused by modern housing may result in pathologically manifest alterations. Technopathic diseases (induced by housing systems) may be prevented by enhanced care concerning the health control of animals and the functioning of the technical equipment as well as by appropriate prophylaxis. Farmers and veterinary surgeons should co-operate for the needs of animal welfare. One of the resulting conclusions is to plan for and to provide more labour for specific care necessary to maintain animal welfare. One should consider such management calculations with major precaution in which the size of working units relative to manpower gets increasingly maximized. 相似文献
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转基因技术的研究和应用已渗透到生命科学的各个领域,动物营养学的发展需要在分子水平上分析及解释营养物质对动物机体的变化调控,如生长发育、新陈代谢、遗传变异、免疫与疾病等。本文综述了转基因动物在动物营养学中的应用:改善生产性状,提高生产性能;建立遗传性疾病、肿瘤和其它疾病的实验动物模型;增强抗病力;利用转基因动物生产药用蛋白质。 相似文献
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为准确评估罗氏沼虾的育种值,利用罗氏沼虾106个家系中2628尾个体的体重资料,分别考虑日龄、性别和雌虾出池时是否抱卵等因素,设计了4种单性状动物模型,应用BLUP法估计个体的体重育种值。4种模型所估计的体重遗传力差别较大,遗传力范围在0.02～0.13之间。分析表明,家系混养前日龄与家系出池体重测定值存在极显著的相关(r=0.434,P<0.01),说明家系混养前日龄对混养后家系个体的体重有显著影响,提示在动物模型设计时,应该考虑家系混养前日龄作协变量;在考虑性别效应、雌虾出池时的抱卵效应,并以家系混养前日龄为协变量,获得的育种值估计较其他模型更为准确。实验还对育种值选择与表型值选择的效率进行了比较。结果表明,依据育种值选择与依据表型值选择的结果存在着较大差异,两种选择方法选取的前53个家系育种值的平均值分别为0.70和0.58g,前者比后者提高20.7%,提示依据育种值的选择效率要高于表型值选择效率。 相似文献
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水生生物作为人类生活的重要组成部分,其在养殖、运输以及展示等过程中福利水平低下现象层出不穷,寻求合适的方法来解决水生生物福利低下的问题,成为保障并提升水生生物福利的一大重要工作。环境丰容作为一项能够通过对圈养动物生存环境进行优化,提升圈养动物福利水平,使得圈养动物获得生理和心理健康,展示其自然行为的技术,成为保障和提升水生生物福利的一个重要手段。目前,与国外相比,国内对水生生物环境丰容技术的研究还处于起步阶段,如何利用环境丰容技术改善水生生物的生存环境,保障并提升水生生物福利水平日益成为研究热点。为此,本文综述了环境丰容的定义、发展历程、环境丰容与动物福利的关系以及在水生生物中的4种主要环境丰容技术。同时,就水生生物环境丰容技术存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议,以期为水生生物环境丰容提供更多方案参考和理论支撑。 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,中医技术逐渐被人们认可,而中草药的应用也在逐步被人们所接受。文章综述了中草药及其多糖在预防以及治疗畜禽多种传染性疾病上的应用,并对其提高畜禽机体免疫力做了简单阐述,通过文献报道,中草药对这些传染性疾病起到了相应预防和治疗作用。 相似文献
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Luis Jimnez-Yan Abelardo Brito Gerard Cuzon Gabriela Gaxiola Toms García Gabriel Taboada Luis A. Soto Roberto Brito 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):337-345
L. vannamei postlarvae are normally raised with a protein dense diet (50% protein) rich in fishmeal. Part of the protein is utilized for energy purpose instead of protein synthesis. Based on a previous energy partitioning study, the effects of two isoenergetic compounded feed treatments – animal protein (AP) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (VPC) – upon growth efficiency and energy budget of shrimp postlarvae and early juveniles were determined. Recovered energy (RE) or production (P) after 50 days trial was similar (2 J day− 1) in both treatments, from PL14 to PL19. However, early juveniles discriminated between animal protein (116 J day− 1) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (88 J day− 1). The difference in respiration indicated a higher heat increment with AP compared to VPC. At maintenance level, energy used was lower with AP than VPC treatment. Postlarvae and early juveniles employed protein as a main energy substrate (O:N < 20). Differences in the efficiencies observed in the calculated energy budget were attributed to the presence of carbohydrates in diet and not to the protein source. The advantage of incorporating vegetable protein source in the diet of harvesting shrimp may eventually contribute towards a reduction of fishmeal costs and waste products as well as to achieve sustainable shrimp farming. 相似文献
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Fish welfare: a challenge to the feelings-based approach, with implications for recreational fishing
Robert Arlinghaus Steven J. Cooke Alexander Schwab & Ian G. Cowx 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(1):57-71
Fish welfare issues are increasingly appearing on social and political agendas and have recently gained prominence in fisheries literature. By focusing on examples from recreational fishing, this paper challenges some of the previous accounts of fish welfare. Issues of concern encompass: (1) the feelings‐based approach to fish welfare; (2) the artificial divide between human beings and nature; and (3) ways in which stakeholders can address fish welfare issues. The different approaches to characterizing the interaction of humans with animals are animal welfare, animal liberation and animal rights. We show that the suffering‐centred approaches to fish welfare and the extension of the moral domain to fish – characteristic of the concepts of animal liberation and animal rights – are not the cornerstone of animal welfare. This, however, does not question the need of fisheries stakeholders to consider the well‐being of fish when interacting with them. There are many ways in which recreational fishing stakeholders can modify standard practices to improve the welfare of fish, without questioning fishing as an activity per se. Examples are choice of gear and handling techniques. Previous accounts have failed to include discussions of the many efforts – voluntary or mandated – pursued by fisheries stakeholders to reduce fish stress, injury and mortality. Progress towards addressing fish welfare issues will be enhanced by avoiding the viewing of humans as ‘non‐natural’ disturbance to fishes and keeping three types of crucial question in separate compartments. The three questions cover the symptoms of good and poor welfare, the conscious experience of suffering, and the ethical attitudes towards animals. Fish biologists should focus on the first question – objective measurement of biochemical, physiological and behavioural indicators – to evaluate whether human interactions with fish impair the latters’ health or prevent them from receiving what they need, if held in captivity. 相似文献
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畜产品质量安全问题是一个民生问题,本文分别从国内外畜产品质量安全的现状,对整个社会的影响,包括民生健康、畜产品市场,畜产品出口、畜牧业四方面来阐述,并且对生产经营者、质量监管机制、生产和质量监管技术、地区生态环境、畜牧业产业化发展水平等方面进行了分析,并提出解决的对策。 相似文献