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对大兴安岭地区分布的云杉 ,进行了植被类型及特性的阐述 ,为云杉林可持续经营及对云杉种群的扩大 ,提出了相应建议 相似文献
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云杉的演化史及分布状况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据化石及孢粉材料分析，云杉起源于晚白垩纪，属古新世，在第三纪、第四纪云杉的分布趋于广泛，在中国及欧洲的中部、北部都有分布。云杉属现有约40种，分布于北半球，是北方针叶林的特征种。我国广泛分布的云杉林一般属于垂直森林植被，能形成建群种的达15个，在世界云杉林中占有重要的地位，有与欧亚大陆泰加林带同种的种类，更有许多特有的种类。我国云杉林集中分布于东北、华北、西北和西南地区。 相似文献
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云杉是喜冷湿的阴暗针叶树。通过本次调查云杉在大兴安岭多呈零星分布 ,少见大面积纯林 ,文章对云杉林分类型进行了比较详细的划分 ,并提出了一系列的科学经营措施。 相似文献
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秦岭山地云杉林结构特征与更新动态的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
云杉 (ＰｉｃｅａａｓｐｅｒａｔａＭａｓｔ.)林是秦岭林区高中山地带的顶极群落类型之一 ,由于其蓄积量高、材质优良 ,亦为秦岭林区开发利用最早的森林类型 (张仰渠 ,1 988)。陕西省云杉天然林面积日渐稀少 ,且资源分散 ,因此恢复云杉林在高山地带特有的防护作用 ,是秦岭林区一个重要的研究课题。本文根据对该林区天然云杉林、择伐更新林及皆伐迹地更新林的调查对比分析 ,研究了云杉林的结构特征及其更新动态 ,以期为探索该区云杉林的恢复途径及扩大这一树种资源提供科学依据。1 研究区概况及方法1 1 研究区概况 该研究在陕西省宝鸡市… 相似文献
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通过对不同结构青海云杉林天然更新情况的调查分析,结果表明:不同生境条件下青海云杉林的树种组成、林分结构、生长状况和更新状况都有较大的差别;青海云杉的径级和高度决定着青海云杉林内不同树木个体间的竞争和分异状况,决定着不同高度级内的株数分布比例;青海云杉纯林中林分结构单一,更新良好;青海云杉+白桦混交林林分结构复杂,更新不良;青海云杉纯林下,拥有丰富的云杉种源,云杉种子饱满,保存云杉幼树数量多且生长状况好,能维持云杉种群的更新连续性和相对稳定性;林冠郁闭度为0.4时,更新情况最好;当郁闭度为0.7时,更新情况差。 相似文献
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天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)是新疆天山山地森林的优势树种,是亚洲中部山地的特有种,在我国仅见于新疆。天山云杉林在新疆水源涵养、水土保持、气候调节等方面都起着至关重要的作用。研究天山云杉在天山东部、中部以及西部不同地域林分结构变化规律,对科学合理经营天山云杉林具有重要的指导意义。本文于2011年7月对天山东部的木垒林场、天山中部的新疆农业大学实习林场、天山西部的西天山国家级自然保护区3个不同地域上的天山云杉林分结构进行了调查,样地面积均为1hm2(100m×100m),应用负指数分布函数分别模拟天山云杉林直径分布结构并进行q检验,模拟结果为天山东部N=188.973 9e-0.0705D,q=1.33;天山中部N=63.952 5e-0.0300D,q=1.13;天山西部N=15.993 7e-0.0182D,q=1.08。研究结果表明天山东部小树密度较高,天山西部大树密度较高,依据q值法则和天山云杉树高结构和年龄结构特征分析,对生长在天山东部、中部、西部不同经度的天山云杉林应采用不同的森林经营措施,以便持续最大地实现天山云杉林森林多功能之目标。 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2019,(6)
[目的]天然林保护工程实施20周年之际,划分新疆天山云杉林群落类型,定量分析天山云杉林群落分布格局与环境及采伐干扰因子之间的关系,为新疆天然林保护工程实施后森林资源恢复评价提供参考依据。[方法]以新疆典型天山云杉森林群落为研究对象,通过野外样方调查,采用双向指示种法(TWINSPAN)对天山云杉林群落进行群落划分,采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)方法对其群落类型进行排序,定量分析森林群落分布格局与环境因子和采伐干扰因子的关系。[结果](1)TWINSPAN将47个森林群落调查样方划分为14个群落类型;(2)RDA排序结果表明海拔、坡度环境因子及森林采伐干扰因子是影响天山云杉群落格局的主要环境因素;(3)因子分离显示出环境变量对森林群落格局解释率达33.9%,采伐强度对森林群落格局解释率占5%,两者共同解释率为17.9%,未解释的部分占43.2%。未能解释的部分主要包括群落之间的相互影响及其他干扰等因素造成。[结论]新疆典型天山云杉林林区新疆农业大学实习林场有14个森林群落类型,其分布格局受环境因子和采伐干扰因子的共同控制,并且二者的交互作用非常显著。森林采伐干扰的强弱是新疆天山云杉林可持续经营不容忽视的重要因素。 相似文献
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Johan Asplund Eva Hustoft Line Nybakken Mikael Ohlson Marit H. Lie 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(4):332-337
European beech Fagus sylvatica and Norway spruce Picea abies are economically and ecologically important forest trees in large parts of Europe. Today, the beech forest reaches its northern distribution limit in south-eastern Norway and it is expected to expand northwards due to climate warming. This expansion will likely result in fundamental ecosystem changes. To increase our knowledge about the competitive balance between spruce and beech, we have investigated how beech and spruce litter affect spruce seedling emergence, growth and uptake of C and N. We did this in a seed-sowing experiment that included litter layer removal as well as reciprocal transplantations of litter layers between spruce and beech forests. Our results show that spruce seedling emergence was significantly impaired by both litter layer types, and especially so by the beech litter layer in the beech forest. The low seedling emergence in beech forests is concurrent with their lower light availability. 相似文献
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European beech and Norway spruce are late successional and competitive species meeting each other in southern Norway. Beech is predicted to expand northwards with increased temperature, implying increased competition between the two tree species. Seed survival is a key process in this competition and here we estimate detection times and predation rates of beech and spruce seeds in adjacent beech and spruce forests by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches based on reciprocal seed predation experiments and video surveillance. These experiments were repeated over two growing seasons, and by using a video-surveillance technique, we were able to precisely reveal seed detection times and high seed predation rates, up to 15 seeds?min?1, with bank vole and chaffinch as main predators. Moreover, the two main predators were different in their seed preferences, that is, beech seeds were exclusively removed or predated by the vole, while the finch consumed spruce seeds only. As we show high predation rates, even small variations in seed predator population densities would impact the regeneration success of beech and spruce. Because the highest predation rates were recorded for spruce seeds, it is likely that this will alter the competitive balance between the two tree species in favour of beech. 相似文献
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于洋 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(6):53-55,92
文章试从如何加强和完善本溪县森林采伐管理制度,保护和发展好本溪满族自治县的森林资源,使林业满足社会对木材的需求入手,浅谈完善本溪县森林采伐管理制度,实现森林资源持续经营。 相似文献
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黑龙江省森工林区幅员辽阔,动植物资源丰富,其中,"北药"资源独具特色;近年来,黑龙江省政府将"北药"开发作为全省十大产业之一,寄予厚望。那么,要做大做强"北药"产业,必须加强野生动植物资源的保护和利用,加大科技和资金投入力度,对产品实施规模化精深加工,力求使"北药"开发产业为黑龙江省森工林区乃至全省的经济社会发展注入新的活力。 相似文献
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Monika Dering Andrzej Misiorny Andrzej Lewandowski Adolf Korczyk 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(2):381-387
Białowieża Primeval Forest lies within the boreal part of the Norway spruce range, which, according to pollen data, was formed
by a refugium located in the Russian Upland. However, recent genetic studies have indicated that spruce from the Eastern Carpathian
refugium also occurs in Białowieża Forest. In order to investigate whether the Norway spruce from the Eastern Carpathian refugium
migrated naturally into the boreal part of the Norway spruce range, we assessed the refugial origin of 234 of the oldest Norway
spruce individuals from Białowieża Forest using mitochondrial marker mt15-D02. Out of the trees that we studied, 64.8% carried mitotype 1, which is specific to the Carpathian refugium, while 35.2% had
mitotype 3, specific to the Russian refugium. Our genetic analysis, combined with historical data on forest management in
this part of Europe, argues for a natural contribution of spruce from the Eastern Carpathian refugium during postglacial recolonization
of Białowieża Primeval Forest. 相似文献
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Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) is the most important commercial tree species in the eastern boreal forest of Canada. Only limited work has
been conducted to assess the quality of the various substrates that are found on post-disturbed sites prone to paludification
having an effect on black spruce seedling growth. The objectives of this study were (1) to use a pot test to assess black
spruce seedling performance on substrates found at the soil surface, in the rooting zone of undisturbed soil, at depths that
become available to spruce roots after soil disturbance by wildfire or through management; and (2) to determine the nutritional
quality of these substrates when constraints of poor drainage are artificially removed. Black spruce growth was greatest with
fibric Pleurozium in the rooting zone, and with burned fibric Pleurozium and living Sphagnum at the soil surface. Good seedling growth on different substrates found in the rooting zone was associated with higher N
and P foliar concentrations. Based on these results, we recommend targeted planting of black spruce seedlings in substrates
of Pleurozium origin and the development of management techniques that promote Pleurozium schreberi.
The Canadian Crown’s right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
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森林资源作为国家的重要自然资源,不仅能够创造经济效益,还可以调节整个生态系统.伴随公众环保意识的日益增强,森林资源保护工作受到了社会的广泛关注,国家也采取了一系列措施加强森林资源的保护管理.然而从现实来看森林资源保护工作仍面临着不少问题需要解决.为此,就当前森林资源保护管理存在的主要问题进行了分析,探讨了有效的应对策略... 相似文献
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上思县林地变化与保护分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章通过对上思县林地面积变化分析、林地转入与转出分析,提出要保护现有林地,提高林地经济产出,实行林地源头管理、加强队伍建设、提高执法水平、加大山林纠纷调处力度等措施实施,促进上思县林业可持续发展。 相似文献
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The single-tree selection system is an important option for management of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests because it provides continuous cover, requires low investments for tending, and promotes natural regeneration as well as high stand resistance and elasticity. It is often regarded as a very conservative system that usually results in only minor spatiotemporal changes in forest structure and composition. We studied management history, structural changes, regeneration dynamics, and light climate of a traditional single-tree farmer selection silver fir-Norway spruce forest (site typology Bazzanio-Abietetum). Stand structure was analyzed on five 0.25 ha permanent plots in 1994, 2001, and 2008. Regeneration density and height growth, forest floor vegetation, and light climate were also assessed on 1.5 × 1.5 m regeneration subplots in 2001 and 2008. Tree cores extracted from dominant trees from both species in two plots were used for reconstructing stand history and age structure of the canopy layer. We documented the forest response to three types of selection management regimes: excessive, normal, and conservative. Excessive management with harvest intensity significantly above the increment was documented until the late 1950s, including two peaks of heavy fellings (diameter limit cut) in the 1880s and 1930s, which favoured establishment of Norway spruce and released regeneration. The period that followed was characterized by normal selection management, but was nevertheless marked by a decline of silver fir as a result of air pollution and several droughts. This led to sanitary fellings that were carried out from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. In the last two decades conservative management followed, which led to suppression and decline of regeneration, especially of Norway spruce, and loss of selection structure. Although we recorded lower regeneration potential of silver fir compared with Norway spruce within the seedling category, silver fir outcompeted Norway spruce within the small-sized tree category (1 cm < dbh ? 10 cm) because of its superior height growth in low light levels (diffuse light <6%) and occupied a greater share of the canopy. Nevertheless, we anticipate that over the long-term the low light regime will also cause regeneration decline of silver fir and broadleaves. Our research revealed significant structural changes in a single-tree farmer selection forest during the last 150 years. These were a result of variable management regime and environment. A farmer single-tree selection system could better mimic the natural disturbance regime if spatiotemporal combinations of diverse felling regimes would be used. 相似文献