共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Insect neuropeptides are a group of brain neuro-regulatory factors, which plays very important roles in growth and development, molting and metamorphosis, as well as mating and reproduction. The neuropeptide F(NPF), a multi-functional neuropeptide, is one of neuropeptides identified in numerous insect species, which plays important roles in feeding, metabolism, courtship, reproduction, aggression, ethanol sensitivity, locomotor circadian rhythms, learning and stress responses. These roles of NPF are implemented through NPF receptors(NPFR). The NPFR1, a G protein-coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane domains, is one of these receptors and is found to be important for NPF regulation. The NPF usually is consisted of around 36–40 amino acid residues, but the short neuropeptide F(sNPF) consisted of 7–16 amino acid residues have also been found in some insects. In this review, the structure and function of both NPF and sNPF in insects are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
M Parmentier F Libert C Maenhaut A Lefort C Gérard J Perret J Van Sande J E Dumont G Vassart 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4937):1620-1622
3.
P S Klein T J Sun C L Saxe A R Kimmel R L Johnson P N Devreotes 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4872):1467-1472
During the early stages of its developmental program, Dictyostelium discoideum expresses cell surface cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) receptors. It has been suggested that these receptors coordinate the aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism and regulate the expression of a large number of developmentally regulated genes. The complementary DNA (cDNA) for the cyclic AMP receptor has now been cloned from lambda gt-11 libraries by screening with specific antiserum. The 2-kilobase messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes the receptor is undetectable in growing cells, rises to a maximum at 3 to 4 hours of development, and then declines. In vitro transcribed complementary RNA, when hybridized to cellular mRNA, specifically arrests in vitro translation of the receptor polypeptide. When the cDNA is expressed in Dictyostelium cells, the undifferentiated cells specifically bind cyclic AMP. Cell lines transformed with a vector that expresses complementary mRNA (antisense) do not express the cyclic AMP receptor protein. These cells fail to enter the aggregation stage of development during starvation, whereas control and wild-type cells aggregate and complete the developmental program within 24 hours. The phenotype of the antisense transformants suggests that the cyclic AMP receptor is essential for development. The deduced amino acid sequence of the receptor reveals a high percentage of hydrophobic residues grouped in seven domains, similar to the rhodopsins and other receptors believed to interact with G proteins. It shares amino acid sequence identity and is immunologically cross-reactive with bovine rhodopsin. A model is proposed in which the cyclic AMP receptor crosses the bilayer seven times with a serine-rich cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, the proposed site of ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation. 相似文献
4.
Forty-three gene sequences encoding purothionin were characterized from the three species or subspecies of einkorn wheats. These sequences contained 887 bp, among which 92 SNPs including 29 indel loci were detected, giving an average SNP frequency of one SNP per 9.64 bases. According to these sequences, 5 SNP markers were successfully designed, which were used to mine the variations ofpurothionin genes of 102 einkorn wheat accessions. Based on the 5 detected SNP loci, 102 einkorn wheat accessions could be divided into 21 haplotypes, among which 11 haplotypes contained a single sample. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the purothionin genes from einkorn wheats were more closely related to those from D genome than B genome. Seven out of the 43 gene sequences were assumed to be pseudogenes by the definition of containing in-frame stop codons and small insertions/deletions leading to frameshift. In the remaining 36 amino acid sequences, the 8 Cys and Tyr-13 loci in the mature thionin domain which played important roles in the biological activities were all conserved, whereas there were some varieties occurred in some other important amino acid residues such as Lys and Arg. 相似文献
5.
Stimulation of gonadotropin release by a non-GnRH peptide sequence of the GnRH precursor 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precursor comprises the GnRH sequence followed by an extension of 59 amino acids. Basic amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminal extension may represent sites of processing to biologically active peptides. A synthetic peptide comprising the first 13 amino acids (H X Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Leu-Ile-Asp-Ser-Phe-Gln-Glu-Ile-Val X OH) of the 59-amino acid peptide was found to stimulate the release of gonadotropic hormones from human and baboon anterior pituitary cells in culture. The peptide did not affect thyrotropin or prolactin secretion. A GnRH antagonist did not inhibit gonadotropin stimulation by the peptide, and the peptide did not compete with GnRH for GnRH pituitary receptors, indicating that the action of the peptide is independent of the GnRH receptor. The GnRH precursor contains two distinct peptide sequences capable of stimulating gonadotropin release from human and baboon pituitary cells. 相似文献
6.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor. 相似文献
7.
【目的】胃泌素(GAS)和胆囊收缩素(CCK)具有较多相似性,但两种激素与其受体(CCK-A和CCK-B)亲和力不同,研究利用生物信息学的方法,比对羊GAS和CCK及其受体氨基酸序列与其它动物序列的不同,为不同动物这两种多肽及其受体蛋白抗原设计和活性多肽筛选等提供参考。【方法】通过UniProt数据库检索各种动物GAS和CCK及其受体氨基酸序列进行比对,并进行全氨基酸序列进化树分析。【结果】除了鸡和鱼,其他动物GAS的C-端7个氨基酸完全相同;除了豚鼠外,CCK的C-端10个氨基酸序列完全相同;羊与牛的GAS-34及CCK-33氨基酸序列完全相同。羊与牛,大鼠与小鼠、狗与猫的CCK-A和CCK-B均分别在同一个分支上;从GAS和CCK及受体全氨基酸序列(包括信号肽和原肽)来看,禽类和鱼类序列同哺乳动物差距均较大;绵羊CCK-A与CCK-B氨基酸序列相似性仅为45.094%。【结论】GAS和CCK的C-端氨基酸序列在不同动物之间均具有高度的保守性,而N-端为变化区域。 相似文献
8.
Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Human growth hormone (hGH) elicits a diverse set of biological activities including lactation that derives from binding to the prolactin (PRL) receptor. The binding affinity of hGH for the extracellular binding domain of the hPRL receptor (hPRLbp) was increased about 8000-fold by addition of 50 micromolar ZnCl2. Zinc was not required for binding of hGH to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp) or for binding of hPRL to the hPRLbp. Other divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) at physiological concentrations did not support such strong binding. Scatchard analysis indicated a stoichiometry of one Zn2+ per hGH.hPRLbp complex. Mutational analysis showed that a cluster of three residues (His18, His21, and Glu174) in hGH and His188 from the hPRLbp (conserved in all PRL receptors but not GH receptors) are probable Zn2+ ligands. This polypeptide hormone.receptor "zinc sandwich" provides a molecular mechanism to explain why nonprimate GHs are not lactogenic and offers a molecular link between zinc deficiency and its association with altered functions of hGH. 相似文献
9.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4822):1556
In figure 1 (p. 528) of the Report "Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes" by T. I. Bonner et al. (31 July, p. 527), the entire deduced amino acid sequence of the human M2 receptor and the sequences corresponding to the third cytoplasmic loops of all the receptors were omitted. A correction appears on page 1628. 相似文献
10.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) activates a class of excitatory amino acid receptor involved in a variety of plastic and pathological processes in the brain. Quantitative study of the NMDA receptor has been difficult in mammalian neurons, because it usually exists with other excitatory amino acid receptors of overlapping pharmacological specificities. Xenopus oocytes injected with messenger RNA isolated from primary cultures of rat brain have now been used to study NMDA receptors. The distinguishing properties of neuronal NMDA receptors have been reproduced in this amphibian cell, including voltage-dependent block by magnesium, block by the NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, and potentiation by glycine. This preparation should facilitate the quantitative study of the regulation of NMDA receptor activation and serve as a tool for purification of the encoding messenger RNA. 相似文献
11.
E G Peralta J W Winslow G L Peterson D H Smith A Ashkenazi J Ramachandran M I Schimerlik D J Capon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,236(4801):600-605
A partial amino acid sequence obtained for porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was used to isolate complementary DNA clones containing the complete receptor coding region. The deduced 466-amino acid polypeptide exhibits extensive structural and sequence homology with other receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins (for example, the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsins); this similarity predicts a structure of seven membrane-spanning regions distinguished by the disposition of a large cytoplasmic domain. Stable transfection of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line with the atrial receptor complementary DNA leads to the binding of muscarinic antagonists in these cells with affinities characteristic of the M2 receptor subtype. The atrial muscarinic receptor is encoded by a unique gene consisting of a single coding exon and multiple, alternatively spliced 5' noncoding regions. The atrial receptor is distinct from the cerebral muscarinic receptor gene product, sharing only 38% overall amino acid homology and possessing a completely nonhomologous large cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a role for the latter region in differential effector coupling. 相似文献
12.
Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor 总被引：71，自引：0，他引：71
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the best characterized activities of IL-8 include the chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils, other members of this family have a wide range of specific actions including the chemotaxis and activation of monocytes, the selective chemotaxis of memory T cells, the inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, and the induction of neutrophil infiltration in vivo. A complementary DNA encoding the IL-8 receptor from human neutrophils has now been isolated. The amino acid sequence shows that the receptor is a member of the superfamily of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The sequence is 29% identical to that of receptors for the other neutrophil chemoattractants, fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a. Mammalian cells transfected with the IL-8 receptor cDNA clone bind IL-8 with high affinity and respond specifically to IL-8 by transiently mobilizing calcium. The IL-8 receptor may be part of a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals for the IL-8 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 相似文献
13.
Isolation and Sequence Analysis of HMW Glutenin Subunit 1Dy10.1 Ecoding Gene from Xinjiang Wheat (Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz.et Migusch) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A novel HMW glutenin subunit gene 1Dy10.1 was isolated and characterized from Xinjiang wheat (Triticum petropavlovskyi. Udacz. et Migusch) accession Daomai 2. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1Dy10.1 was 1965 bp, encoding 655 amino acids. The numbers and distribution of cysteines in 1Dy10.1 were similar to those of 1Dy10 and other y-type subunits. In the N-terminal of 1Dy10.1, an amino acid was changed from L (leucine) to P (proline) at position 55. The repetitive domain of 1Dy10.1 differed from those of known HMW subunits by substitutions, insertions or/and deletions involving single or more amino acid residues. In the repetitive domain of subunit 1Dy10.1, the deletion of tripeptide GQQ in the consensus unit PGQGQQ resulted in the appearance of the motif PGQ that have not been observed in other known y-type HMW subunits. In comparison with the subunit 1Dy12, a deletion of dipeptide GQ, which occurred in subunit 1Dy10, was also observed in subunit 1Dy10.1. The cloned 1Dyl0.1 gene had been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed protein had the identical mobility with the endogenous subunit 1Dyl0.1 from seed. 相似文献
14.
NMDA receptor losses in putamen from patients with Huntington's disease 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
A B Young J T Greenamyre Z Hollingsworth R Albin C D'Amato I Shoulson J B Penney 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4868):981-983
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), phencyclidine (PCP), and quisqualate receptor binding were compared to benzodiazepine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in the putamen and cerebral cortex of individuals with Huntington's disease (HD). NMDA receptor binding was reduced by 93 percent in putamen from HD brains compared to binding in normal brains. Quisqualate and PCP receptor binding were reduced by 67 percent, and the binding to other receptors was reduced by 55 percent or less. Binding to these receptors in the cerebral cortex was unchanged in HD brains. The results support the hypothesis that NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity plays a role in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. 相似文献
15.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor 总被引：55，自引：0，他引：55
B K Kobilka H Matsui T S Kobilka T L Yang-Feng U Francke M G Caron R J Lefkowitz J W Regan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4827):650-656
The gene for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor has been cloned with oligonucleotides corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the purified receptor. The identity of this gene has been confirmed by the binding of alpha 2-adrenergic ligands to the cloned receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The deduced amino acid sequence is most similar to the recently cloned human beta 2- and beta 1-adrenergic receptors; however, similarities to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors are also evident. Two related genes have been identified by low stringency Southern blot analysis. These genes may represent additional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. 相似文献
16.
芋螺毒素(CTX)来源于芋螺毒管分泌的毒液,是一类分子质量小、结构新颖、作用靶点广泛且特异性高的活性多肽,具有开发成为药物或药物先导化合物的价值。芋螺毒素按其作用靶点不同等特点可以分为多个家族,其中α-芋螺毒素家族(α-CTXs)的半胱氨酸模式为:CC-C-C。根据α-CTXs半胱氨酸残基间的氨基酸数目进一步分为不同的亚家族。α-CTXs是肌肉或神经型烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的选择性拮抗剂,具有重要临床意义的乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)与神经痛、帕金森病、痴呆、学习记忆障碍以及小细胞肺癌等多种疾病的发病、诊断和治疗密切相关。笔者详述了α-芋螺毒素与烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的结构、分类及其相互间的作用关系,旨在为该类药物的开发利用提供参考依据。 相似文献
17.
The product of the human c-erbB-2 gene: a 185-kilodalton glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity 总被引：63，自引：0，他引：63
T Akiyama C Sudo H Ogawara K Toyoshima T Yamamoto 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4758):1644-1646
Antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to 14 amino acid residues at the COOH-terminus of a protein deduced from the human c-erbB-2 nucleotide sequence. These antibodies immunoprecipitated a 185-kilodalton glycoprotein from MKN-7 adenocarcinoma cells. Incubation of the immunoprecipitates with (gamma-32P)ATP resulted in the phosphorylation of this protein on tyrosine residues. These results indicate that the human c-erbB-2 gene product is the 185-kilodalton glycoprotein that is associated with tyrosine kinase activity. Although the c-erbB-2 protein was predicted to encode a protein very similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, EGF did not stimulate this kinase activity either in vivo or in vitro. 相似文献
18.
G Steinman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,154(754):1344-1346
The side chains of amino acid residues can be converted from nonreactive to reactive species. Under the influence of electrical discharge, alanine is converted to aspartic acid in the presence of CO(2), for example. The possible implications of these findings to events taking place on primitive Earth are discussed. 相似文献
19.
20.
[目的]克隆牙鲆TLR1(Toll like receptors)全长基因,并对其结构特征和表达规律进行分析。[方法]采用同源克隆和快速扩增cDNA末端技术,从牙鲆头肾组织中克隆出TLR1基因cDNA全长序列,并对该基因进行生物信息学和表达模式分析。[结果]牙鲆TLR1基因cDNA全长2 947 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)2 418 bp,编码805个氨基酸,包括26个氨基酸组成的信号肽、2个跨膜区、6个富含亮氨酸重复结构域(LRR)和一个TIR结构域(Toll/interleukin(IL)-1 receptor)。该蛋白的分子量为91.15 kDa,等电点为6.49。氨基酸序列同源性分析显示,牙鲆TLR1基因与其他脊椎动物的TLR1基因序列全长同源性达到69%～35%,TIR序列的同源性达到84%～62%。在系统发生树上牙鲆的TLR1基因首先与斜带石斑鱼聚类。通过荧光定量qRT-PCR检测,结果显示牙鲆TLR1基因的mRNA主要表达于肝脏、心脏和脾脏等组织。[结论]该研究结果为进一步研究TLR1基因的功能和开发牙鲆免疫增强剂奠定了基础。 相似文献