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1.
Data on fifty horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA; "hyperelastosis cutis") were collected on clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistological findings. All horses were Quarter horses or of Quarter horse ancestry. Pedigree evaluation strongly supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The most common lesions were seromas/haematomas, open wounds, sloughing skin, and loose, easily tented skin that did not return to its initial position. Definitive diagnosis could not be made via histopathology, although the presence of tightly grouped thin and shortened collagen fibres arranged in clusters in the deep dermis was suggestive of the disease. Trichrome, acid orcein-Giemsa and immunohistochemical stains for collagens I and III showed no consistent abnormalities compared to control horses; an increase in elastic fibres was not a consistent finding. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities in the periodicity of the collagen bundles; neither orientation nor variation of cross-section diameter of the collagen fibrils differentiated control from affected horses. The diagnosis of HERDA relies on clinical presentation, but may be supported by suggestive (although not pathognomonic) histopathological lesions.  相似文献   

2.
Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia belongs to a group of inherited, congenital connective tissue dysplasias usually described as hyperelastosis cutis, cutaneous asthenia, dermatosparaxis, or Ehlers-Danlos-like syndrome. This report presents the clinical and histological features of three related Quarter horses affected with regional dermal asthenia. These horses had bilateral asymmetric lesions of the trunk and lumbar regions, where the skin was hyperextensible. Handling of the skin elicited a painful response and superficial trauma led to skin wounds. The skin was thinner than normal in the affected areas, with thickened borders and harder fibrotic masses (pseudotumours). The histopathological findings included thinner and smaller collagen fibrils, and a loose arrangement of collagen fibres in the middle, adventitial and deep dermis. Masson's trichrome and Calleja stains did not reveal any abnormality of collagen and elastic fibres. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities. As in human patients, pseudotumour histopathological findings included fibroplasia and neovascularization. The pedigree chart of these animals supports an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, which has been suggested by other studies. This is the first report of this disease in Brazil. Its clinical and histological features resemble those described in horses affected with this condition in the United States.  相似文献   

3.
《Veterinary dermatology》2000,11(3):211-215
In this brief section only three congenital cutaneous diseases are outlined. They include epitheliogenesis imperfecta, epidermolysis bullosa and hyperelastosis cutis. The first is an absence of epidermal structures, the second is a defect at the epidermal–dermal junction and the third is a disease of a component of the dermis. The clinical and histopathologic findings for each are described herein.  相似文献   

4.
本研究利用Weigert’s-Van Giesson染色法和Masson氏三色染色法分别对正常梅花鹿和颈背部皮肤异常松弛的梅花鹿皮肤中的弹性纤维和胶原纤维进行观察研究,探讨梅花鹿松弛皮肤组织学致病特点。结果表明,正常梅花鹿真皮网状层中有较多的弹性纤维有规律地平行排列,呈波浪状,染色均匀;真皮乳头层有少量弹性纤维垂直于表皮分布。皮肤松弛梅花鹿或是真皮乳头层中缺乏弹性纤维（大0号和79号鹿）,或是网状真皮层中弹性纤维严重发育不全,出现集聚、断裂现象（33号和79号）,且排列紊乱、呈不规则状（大0号）;正常梅花鹿皮肤胶原纤维在真皮层中呈多层规律性分布。皮肤松弛梅花鹿胶原纤维束比正常胶原束粗大、胶原纤维束减少、堆积、排列杂乱无序,胶原纤维间表现为严重的稀疏。这些现象与人类皮肤松弛症的皮肤组织学症状非常相似。  相似文献   

5.
Full-thickness, circular, cutaneous wounds (5 cm in diameter) were created on the distal portion of the forelimbs of 6 horses. One wound on each horse was treated with 6 full-thickness punch grafts that were obtained from the horse's neck with a 6-mm skin biopsy punch and inserted in the graft sites on day 14 after wounding. The wound on the contralateral limb was not grafted. A combination of ticarcillin disodium and clavulanate potassium was applied to the wounds when bandages were changed to control bacterial infection. Areas of each wound were measured on days 1, 7, 9, 11, 13 through 15, 17 through 22, 24, 26, 29, and 32 after wounding. Three distinguishable phases of healing were observed (expansion, contraction, and epithelialization), and the time course of each phase was evaluated, using formulas of first-order processes. Rate constants of each phase were not significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by punch grafts.  相似文献   

6.
A Quarter Horse gelding presented with pathology consistent with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) but without the familial association typically present with this disease. Grossly, lesions exhibited either a firm, scar-like appearance or a potential space between the superficial and deep dermis. Both lesioned and non-lesioned skin showed evidence of edema and collagen fragmentation, whereas lesions were also characterized by hemorrhage and inflammation. Genetic testing was performed by three independent laboratories, each using different methods to detect the mutation described in the PPIB gene, previously shown to be associated with HERDA. No mutations in the PPIB gene were revealed by genetic testing, either at the known location of the point mutation or at any other location in the coding sequence. These findings are suggestive of a diagnosis of HERDA or hyperelastosis cutis in the absence of the well-described, putatively causative mutation in the PPIB gene. We propose that, whereas HERDA refers specifically to a familial disease caused by a mutation in the PPIB gene, similar symptoms may in fact be caused by a syndrome resulting from either inherited or spontaneous mutations in any of a number of collagen-processing genes. We conclude that Ehlers-Danlos syndrome be diagnosed in horses of any breed with HERDA-like pathology without the causative mutation.  相似文献   

7.
Osteoma cutis describes bone formation in skin and is well documented in the medical literature, but veterinary reports are few. We report a single case of a juvenile samoyed that was referred for assessment of a superior eyelid anomaly. Exploratory surgery and histopathology revealed the presence of mature, lamellar bone within the superior eyelid. The histologic appearance was consistent with primary osteoma cutis. The presence of the ossification within the deep dermis of the eyelid was associated with an abnormal conformation causing trichiasis, keratitis and dorsal strabismus. Identification of the osseous lesion during surgery and its removal was curative with no recurrence of disease during the 32 month follow‐up period.  相似文献   

8.
Cutaneous angiomatosis in a young dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A 1-year-old, spayed, female, mixed-breed dog had two reddish-purple cutaneous lesions, one on the right dorsal antebrachium and the other on the right shoulder. The lesions consisted of approximately 13 x 3 cm and 15 x 10 cm, irregular, patchy regions of 0.5-3.0 cm, circular, sometimes raised, reddish-purple swellings resembling ecchymoses. The lesion on the antebrachium had been noticed since the dog was adopted at 6 months of age and appeared to have increased in size over an 11-week period, at which time skin punch biopsy revealed an infiltrative pattern of well-differentiated blood vessels leading to an interpretation that the lesion was a well-differentiated hemangiosarcoma. The second lesion was revealed when the dog had its fur shaved in that area during surgical preparation to excise the antebrachial lesion. No other skin lesions were found on the dog. Microscopically, there was a widely disseminated and infiltrative-like pattern of benign-appearing small blood vessels, which were throughout the superficial and deep dermis and subcutis. Although the disseminated nature suggested malignancy, the histologic appearance of well-differentiated small blood vessels and nonprogressive clinical features indicate that the lesions were benign. The dog has been followed for 6 years and to date has no evidence of progression of the antebrachial lesion or shoulder lesion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a congenital angiomatosis-like lesion in a young dog, with extensive involvement of the forelimb.  相似文献   

9.
Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses is an inherited degenerative skin disease. Initially reported as hyperelastosis cutis, HERDA has a phenotype of hyperextensible, fragile skin, with secondary seromas, haematomas, ulcers and scarring. It primarily affects the dorsal aspect of the body. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is considered likely, with affected horses more at risk to produce affected offspring. A mutation in cyclophilin B (PPIB) as a novel, causal candidate gene for HERDA has been described, and verified as segregating with carriers and affected horses. Screening of control Quarter Horses in the USA has indicated a 3.5% carrier frequency. The prevalence of this mutation among Quarter Horses in France was determined to be 1.6%.  相似文献   

10.
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized clinically by depigmentation of the skin—both epidermis and hairs—caused by destruction of melanocytes. Vitiliginous skin shows a T-lymphocyte inflammatory infiltrate, proliferation of Langerhans cells, epidermal vacuoles, and degenerative changes in the cutaneous nerve fibrils. Increased autoantibodies against melanin, tyrosinase, and various tissues are frequently present in vitiligo patients. Vitiligo is often associated with systemic abnormalities or nutritional deficiencies. A 2-year-old Quarter Horse filly developed facial vitiligo with depigmented areas that was strikingly similar to human vitiligo. Several innocuous small biopsies provided cutaneous specimens that were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Many of the clinical and microscopic changes observed in human vitiligo were present in this equine patient. Marginal anemia was detected. Strengthening of the filly's nutritional and feeding conditions led to rapid and complete repigmentation. Equine practitioners as well as horse owners should be aware that vitiligo may not be simply a cosmetic problem; thus, a complete evaluation of horses affected by this condition should be performed.  相似文献   

11.
An 11-year-old cat was evaluated because of dyspnea. Since 11 months of age, the cat had hyperextensibility of the skin consistent with cutaneous asthenia. Radiographic examination revealed a diaphragmatic hernia with intestinal loops in the thorax. Electron microscopic examination of skin specimens revealed collagen fibers of highly variable diameter, consistent with cutaneous asthenia. The diaphragmatic hernia was surgically repaired and healed well. Four weeks later, a left-sided perineal hernia was repaired surgically, and 4 months later, a right-sided perineal hernia was repaired surgically and colopexy and cystopexy were performed. All surgical procedures were successful and tissues healed well. Dermatosparaxis is a rare hereditary disorder that commonly results in cutaneous fragility and hyperextensibility in affected animals. The diagnosis depends on clinical findings and light and electron microscopic changes in affected tissues. Surgical repair can be performed successfully in an affected cat, and healing of incisions can occur without complications.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract   Three cases of feline exudative dermatitis associated with lymphangiosarcoma are described. The animals, an 11-year-old, neutered male and two 10-year-old, neutered female short hair European cats, presented with a 2-month history of transparent liquid oozing from the skin of the groin and caudal abdomen. On physical examination the neutered male cat and one of the females were slightly depressed and showed loss of weight. Skin lesions were similar in all cats and characterized by the presence of alopecia and moist dermatitis in the ventral abdomen, groin and inner thigh. The hair at the periphery appeared matted by the fluid. In all three cases, histopathological examination of skin biopsies from the abdomen identified poorly defined neoplasia involving dermis and subcutis, characterized by proliferation of spindle cells aligned along pre-existing collagen bundles. The dissection of collagen bundles gave rise to irregular shaped anastomosing, often blind-ending vascular channels and trabeculae. Vascular spaces were mostly optically empty. These histological features were strongly suggestive of lymphangiosarcoma. Neoplastic cells were positive for the blood vascular marker Von Willebrand factor, and a lymphatic vascular marker LYVE-1 (Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial receptor – 1), demonstrating the mixed vascular origin of the tumour. Ultrastructural findings confirmed the final diagnosis of lymphangiosarcoma.  相似文献   

13.
A focal cutaneous lesion developed at the site of previous rabies vaccine administration in 13 dogs. Ten of the affected dogs were Poodles. The interval between vaccination and first observation of the lesion varied from 3 to 6 months. Skin lesions were hyperpigmented, alopecic macules, 2 to 5 cm in diameter. The consistent histologic lesion was vasculitis affecting arterioles of the deep dermis and subcutis. Other histologic lesions included epidermal, follicular, and adnexal atrophy, hyperpigmentation, chronic septal panniculitis, fat necrosis, and focal lymphocytic nodules in the deep dermis and subcutis. Rabies-specific fluorescence was seen in the walls of dermal blood vessels and in the epithelium of hair follicles in each of 3 dogs tested. Immunoglobulin G was detected in similar locations in one of 3 dogs tested. No difference in serum neutralizing anti-rabies antibody titers were detected between 5 affected dogs tested and 4 clinically normal dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Full-thickness, circular (4-cm diameter) cutaneous wounds were created on the metacarpi and metatarsi of 6 horses. Immediately after wounding, 1 wound on each horse received a meshed, split-thickness skin graft (0.64 mm) obtained from the ventrolateral aspect of the horse's thorax by use of a pneumatic dermatome, whereas a second wound received a meshed, full-thickness skin graft obtained from the pectoral area. In addition, sections of split-thickness and full-thickness grafts were refrigerated in a solution of McCoy's 5A medium, to which equine serum (10%) and gentamicin sulfate solution (16 mg/dl) were added. Ten days after wounding, 1 granulating wound on each horse was grafted with a stored, meshed, split-thickness graft, and 1 granulating wound on each horse was grafted with a stored, meshed, full-thickness graft. Areas of wounds were calculated from photographs taken of wounds on days 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after wounding. Time course of contraction was determined by use of a first-order mathematic model of changes in area through time. Rate constants of contraction for fresh or granulating wounds receiving full-thickness grafts did not differ significantly from those for fresh or granulating wounds receiving split-thickness grafts. Rate constants of contraction for grafted fresh wounds, however, were significantly less than those of grafted granulating wounds, regardless of whether a split-thickness or full-thickness graft was applied.  相似文献   

15.
The pathogenesis of equine urticaria is not well understood. In man, urticaria has been associated with immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms leading to the release of various mediators by mast cells. Skin biopsies of 32 horses with a history of urticaria were stained with toluidine blue, a double-labelling method for chymase and tryptase, and immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin (Ig)E. These horses were compared with horses with pemphigus foliaceus, insect bite hypersensitivity and control horses with healthy skin. Neither formalin fixation time nor biopsy site influenced the staining methods. No chymase-positive cells were found. In all groups of horses, cells staining with toluidine blue and for tryptase and IgE were found in the epidermis and hair follicle papilla and significantly more positively staining cells were observed in the subepidermal dermis compared with the deep dermis. Horses with urticaria had significantly more IgE-bearing cells in the subepidermal dermis than control horses. However, horses with urticaria had significantly fewer toluidine-blue-stained mast cells in both subepidermal and deep dermis compared with the insect bite hypersensitivity and pemphigus foliaceus groups. This study suggests that IgE-mediated reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of urticaria.  相似文献   

16.
Horses with severe and deep lacerations are represented by ten cases in which treatment emphasized the use of bovine collagen preparations to promote controlled second-degree repair. Traumatized areas were tarsal, metatarsal, neck, forearm, metacarpal and pastern. Wound size changes were recorded. Depending on the wound type, the site was treated with antibiotic-steroid ointment, organic acid cream, sterile collagen particles, suspension or dressings protected by hydrogel dressing, non-adherent pads, occlusive skin dressings, roll gauze and elastic tape. In three cases, a fiberglas cast was applied over a hind leg wound and lacerated tendon for stability. When controlled granulation of the deeper wounds reached skin level, the area often was stabilized by only cyanoacrylate spray. As these cases presented a wide range of trauma each with a unique history, healing rates were based on initial measurements. An overall progression of wound reduction occurred at a predictable rate. The exogenous collagen formulations were used to stimulate controlled granulation, ie. to “jump start” the healing process. Collagen particles, suspension or dressings were packed into depressions, placed under suture lines, secured over abraded tissue, and placed under protective bandage or cast. To further evaluate the use of cyanoacrylate tissue spray in wound treatments, an additional ten cases are presented. The variety of wounds were produced experimentally in Center-owned ponies or provided as clinical cases. Wound size changes and healing progress were recorded. Wounds occurred on the neck, abdomen, metacarpal, metatarsal, fetlock and pastern areas. Depending on wound type, the site was treated with cyanoacrylate only; or treated as above until controlled granulation attained skin level. In one case punch grafts of skin were transferred from one foreleg to the opposite with the horse standing. Cyanoacrylate spray provided a water proof barrier protecting the wound from dirt, debris and insects as well as stabilizing full-thickness skin lacerations by bridging normal to traumatized skin allowing uninterrupted granulation and epithelialization. The use of a neck cradle prevented wound disturbance and stall confinement aided stabilization.  相似文献   

17.
Multiple cutaneous masses developed in the perineum of a 14-year-old Saddlebred stallion over a period of approximately 5 years. Clinically, the masses ranged in size from 3- to 9-mm diameter and were not ulcerated, painful, or pruritic. Three of the masses were surgically excised and submitted for microscopic evaluation. The masses were dome shaped to nodular, located in the superficial dermis, and composed of haphazardly arranged bundles of plump spindle-shaped cells. The tumor cells immunoreacted with monoclonal antibodies directed against desmin, muscle-specific actin, and smooth muscle actin, confirming a smooth muscle origin. Multiple cutaneous leiomyomas have not been reported previously in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Research in laboratory animals suggests that eosinophil numbers in some cutaneous reactions may reveal inherent differences in resistance to parasite infection. An intradermal injection with 10 microgram of the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin, followed by counting eosinophils in the deep dermis of skin biopsies removed 24 hours later, appears to be a practical and reproducible way of comparing the ability of individual sheep to marshal eosinophils in a tissue. This procedure will allow study of the relationship between eosinophil response and resistance to parasite infection in sheep.  相似文献   

19.
A cat with an upper respiratory infection was presented for examination. Close examination of the face revealed a firm, haired rounded swelling on the bridge of the nose. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a mild hypergammaglobulinaemia. The cat tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus. Skin biopsy of the nasal lesion revealed nodular angiocentric infiltrates in the deep dermis and subcutis. The mixed infiltrate had numerous plasma cells. Presence of calicivirus antigen could not be demonstrated within the skin lesion by immunohistochemical staining. The cat was treated for upper respiratory infection and 1 month later the nasal lesion had resolved. A firm and rounded swelling over the bridge of the nose may be a feline cutaneous plasmacytic reaction pattern.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the localization of immunoreactive transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in both normal skin and full-thickness dermal wounds of the limb and the thorax of the horse. STUDY DESIGN: Six full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the lateral aspect of one metacarpal region and on the midthoracic area of each horse. Sequentially collected tissue specimens from wound margins were assessed for TGF-beta1 expression by immunohistochemistry. ANIMALS: Four horses (2 to 4 years of age). METHODS: A neutralizing monoclonal anti-human TGF-beta1 antibody was used to detect the spatial expression of TGF-beta1 protein by immunohistochemical localization in biopsies obtained before wounding and at 12 and 24 hours, and 5, 10, and 14 days. RESULTS: No differences in localization of immunoreactive TGF-beta1 were detected between limb and thorax, for either intact skin or wounds. Unwounded epidermis stained moderately for TGF-beta1 protein throughout all layers, whereas the dermis was relatively devoid of immunoreactivity. During the acute stage of repair, migrating epithelium lost its stain, whereas cells of epidermal appendages remained strongly immunoreactive. The epithelium recovered its TGF-beta1 immunoreactivity during wound remodeling, although cells of the stratum corneum remained negative. Macrophages of the inflammatory exudate had positive cytoplasmic staining that diminished with time. Immunoreactivity of granulation tissue fibroblasts was evident early on and increased throughout the repair process. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 is constitutively expressed in normal, unwounded equine epithelium. Its expression is upregulated within the skin on injury and is associated with the cells involved in wound repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A more precise understanding of the temporal and spatial expression of TGF-beta1 during wound repair in horses should provide the groundwork for possible future manipulations of both normal and aberrant tissue repair.  相似文献   

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