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《林业工程学报》2017,(4)
原花色素是最有效的自由基清除剂之一,具有非常强的清除自由基和抗氧化的能力。以云南地区滇橄榄树为原料,采用超声波提取法,对其树皮、树芯、树枝、树叶的原花色素质量浓度进行了研究,并对树枝原花色素的提取条件进行优化。其次,对树皮原花色素抗氧化能力及与维生素C(vitamin C,VC)的抗氧化协同作用进行了比较。结果表明:树枝的原花色素质量浓度最高,其次是树皮、树叶、芯材。同时,树枝中原花色素提取的最佳条件为:以质量分数为60%的乙醇为提取剂,料液比1∶7,提取温度60℃,提取时间30 min,在此条件下原花色素的提取率能达到3.85%。滇橄榄树皮提取物具有很强的抗氧化性,清除DPPH自由基的能力最佳,原花色素质量浓度为10μg/m L时,自由基清除率高达88.55%,且抗氧化有效成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯层,水层仍然含有部分抗氧化成分。原花色素和VC以质量比为3∶1,1∶1,1∶3进行复配后的自由基最高清除率分别为88.84%,91.27%,91.05%,协同作用强弱顺序为1∶11∶33∶1。 相似文献
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为给雷竹笋的深度开发提供参考依据,采用有机溶剂法从雷竹笋中提取总黄酮和总甾醇,就雷竹笋总黄酮与总甾醇对清除羟基自由基(·OH)与DPPH的能力和对油脂的抗氧化能力进行了测定、分析和评价,并就其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及黑曲霉的抑制作用进行了试验研究。结果表明:雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对羟基自由基(·OH)和DPPH均有一定程度的清除能力,总甾醇对这两者的清除能力均大于总黄酮;对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力,1 mg·mL~(-1)总黄酮与0.13 mg·mL~(-1)总甾醇的效力相当;而对DPPH的清除能力,1 mg·mL~(-1)总黄酮与0.60 mg·mL~(-1)总甾醇的效力相当。雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对油脂的抗氧化作用均显著,其与VC、VE及柠檬酸的混合物具有协同抗氧化性,其与VC的协同抗氧化能力最强。雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌与黑曲霉均有一定的抑制作用,而总黄酮的抑菌效果比总甾醇的好。 相似文献
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以多糖得率为指标,从火炬松松针中浸提多糖,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法优化超声波辅助热水浸提火炬松松针多糖,最佳的工艺参数为:30 g松针粉末在超声波作用时间25 min,热水浸提1 h,液料比25∶1(m L∶g),热水浸提温度91℃。在此条件下,火炬松松针多糖得率达1.867%,提取率达91.39%。通过测定松针多糖对苯基苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和2,2-联氮-二-(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)自由基(ABTS+)的清除能力评价其体外抗氧化能力。结果显示:火炬松松针多糖对自由基DPPH·、·OH和ABTS+都有较强清除能力,且都呈较好的量效关系,火炬松松针多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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《林业科技》2021,46(4)
对槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素3种银杏黄酮主要组分及其复配溶液抗氧化能力的研究结果表明:(1)槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素可有效清除DPPH自由基,具有相当的总还原力,且随着浓度的增加而增加,具有剂量效应;清除DPPH自由基能力、总还原力均为槲皮素山奈酚异鼠李素。(2)3个主要组分的配比显著影响了复配液的总还原力,T7(3:1:3)和T4(2:1:2)是2个较好的复配处理。(3)槲皮素、异鼠李素配伍具有提高清除DPPH自由基清除能力的作用,槲皮素与山奈酚、山奈酚与异鼠李素配伍均降低清除DPPH自由基清除能力;槲皮素、异鼠李素配伍具有削弱总还原力的作用,而槲皮素与山奈酚、山奈酚与异鼠李素配施提高总还原力。 相似文献
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研究了川楝子总黄酮和多糖的最佳提取条件,并利用过硫酸铵/N,N,N,,N'-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)反应体系和Fenton反应体系测其提取成分的抗氧化活性.结果表明,川楝子总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:70%(体积分数)乙醇,料液比1∶30(g∶mL),微波提取7.5min;其多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:浸提3 h,料液比1∶15(g∶mL),提取4次.川楝总黄酮和多糖均具有较强的抗氧化活性.当总黄酮质量浓度为9.74g/L时,对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除效率达到76.6%,其质量浓度为12.38g/L时,对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除效率可达到84.0%;当多糖质量浓度达到10g/L时,对O2-·的清除效率达到63.7%,对·OH的清除效率可达到74.0%. 相似文献
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竹笋总多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超声波辅助水提法得到竹笋总多糖,醇沉去除色素及蛋白后得到多糖纯化液,研究了多糖纯化液对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)的清除能力、对Fe3+的还原作用和对油脂氧化的抑制作用,并与抗坏血酸(Vc)进行比较。结果表明,竹笋总多糖对·OH、O-2·具有不同程度的清除能力,对Fe3+的还原效果好,对动物油及植物油均有一定的抗氧化抑制作用,当质量浓度均为0.5 g/L时,多糖对·OH、O-2·的清除能力分别为47%和18%,对植物油和动物油的保护率分别为58%和30%,Vc对·OH、O-2·的清除能力分别为55%和90%,对植物油和动物油的保护率分别为78%和65%。在一定浓度范围内,多糖抗氧化活性与浓度均呈现一定的正相关效应。 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2017,(6)
以东北红豆杉枝叶为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取红豆杉中总黄酮,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法优化了提取工艺条件。结果表明:在乙醇体积分数60%,提取温度64℃,提取时间60 min,液料比14∶1(m L∶g),超声波功率168 W的最佳工艺条件下提取1次,总黄酮得率可达4.48%(提取率为69.14%)。东北红豆杉总黄酮粗提物经不同溶剂萃取后,在质量浓度0.01~0.20g/L范围内,不同萃取物的抗氧化能力与质量浓度均呈良好量效关系。乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较强的1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除能力,其半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))值0.018 g/L,与Vc(0.012 g/L)相近。乙酸乙酯萃取物经大孔树脂AB-8纯化后得到16个组分,各组分的总黄酮含量与其DPPH·清除能力具有良好的相关性,相关系数(R)为0.958 1,显著性水平P0.000 1。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献